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Tran AV, Lee HJ, Baik JH, Baek J, Kim YJ. Montmorillonite K30 Supported Tungstophosphoric Acid as an Efficient Catalyst for Condensation Reaction of Methyl N-phenylcarbamate for Generating Diurethane. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03793-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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2
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An Escape from Noble Metals for Generating Urethanes via Reductive Carbonylation of Nitroarenes over FeSe2/γ-Al2O3 †. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10111228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction of FeCl3, SeO2, and Pyridine (Py) in the presence of methanol (MeOH) under CO pressure generates a black precipitate, which has been confirmed as ferric di-selenide, FeSe2 through different structure characterization methods. Furthermore, impregnation of 5 wt% of FeSe2 onto γ-Al2O3 exhibits better catalytic performance than FeSe2 due to the highly dispersed and smaller particle sizes ca. 200–300 nm. The reductive carbonylation of nitrobenzene (NB) was investigated over FeSe2/γ-Al2O3 as a heterogeneous catalyst, delivering an excellent yield and high selectivity of methyl-N-phenyl carbamate (MPC). Moreover, a set of reactions was performed with variation in the reaction time, temperature, and pressure to investigate the effects of these factors. In particular, FeSe2/γ-Al2O3 is highly stable and can be recycled for up to five cycles without significant loss in catalytic performance. A mechanistic study was also conducted on this low-cost catalyst system, especially proposing a crucial role of FeSe2 (μ-CO) active species.
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3
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Abstract
Selenium-based catalysts, including organo- and inorganoselenium ones, in organic synthesis in the recent decade are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiong Shao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Chashan University Town
- Wenzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yiming Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
| | - Jianmei Lu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Chashan University Town
- Wenzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
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4
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Zahrtmann N, Claver C, Godard C, Riisager A, Garcia-Suarez EJ. Selective Oxidative Carbonylation of Aniline to Diphenylurea with Ionic Liquids. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nanette Zahrtmann
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry; Universitat Rovira I Virgili; C/Marcel.li Domingo s/n Campus Sescelades 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Centre for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Carmen Claver
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry; Universitat Rovira I Virgili; C/Marcel.li Domingo s/n Campus Sescelades 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Cyril Godard
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry; Universitat Rovira I Virgili; C/Marcel.li Domingo s/n Campus Sescelades 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Anders Riisager
- Centre for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Eduardo J. Garcia-Suarez
- Centre for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- Tecnalia, Energy and Environment Division; Parque Tecnológico de Álava; Leonardo Da Vinci, 11 01510 Miñano Spain
- IKERBASQUE; Basque Foundation for Science; Maria Diaz de Haro 3 48013 Bilbao Spain
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5
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Duan CW, You J, Liu B, Ma JL, Zhou HP, Zhang HB, Zhang J. Ionic liquid-mediated solvothermal synthesis of 4,4′-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI): an efficient and environment-friendly process. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01175c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mechanism for MDI synthesis via decomposition of MDC catalyzed by Zn(OAc)2–[EAmim]BF4.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. W. Duan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
- North China Electric Power University
- Baoding
- China
| | - J. You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Technology of College of Heilongjiang Province
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Harbin University of Science and Technology
- Harbin
- China
| | - B. Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Technology of College of Heilongjiang Province
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Harbin University of Science and Technology
- Harbin
- China
| | - J. L. Ma
- School of Information Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Science and Technology
- Shijiazhuang
- China
| | - H. P. Zhou
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering
- Shandong University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- China
| | - H. B. Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering
- Shandong University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- China
| | - J. Zhang
- Department of Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Baoding First Center Hospital/First Aid Center
- Baoding
- China
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6
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Wang P, Liu S, Deng Y. Important Green Chemistry and Catalysis: Non-phosgene Syntheses of Isocyanates - Thermal Cracking Way. CHINESE J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201600745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peixue Wang
- Centre for Green and Catalysis, State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry & New Materials; Qingdao Shandong 266100 China
| | - Shimin Liu
- Centre for Green and Catalysis, State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China
| | - Youquan Deng
- Centre for Green and Catalysis, State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry & New Materials; Qingdao Shandong 266100 China
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7
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Truong CC, Kim J, Lee Y, Kim YJ. Well-Defined Cesium Benzotriazolide as an Active Catalyst for Generating Disubstituted Ureas from Carbon Dioxide and Amines. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201601320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chien Truong
- Department of Green Process and System Engineering; Korea University of Science and Technology (UST); 89 Yangdaegiro-gil Ipjang-myeon Cheonan 31056 Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); 291, Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Yunho Lee
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); 291, Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Yong Jin Kim
- Green Material and Process R&D Group; Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH); 89 Yangdaegiro-gil Ipjang-myeon Cheonan 31056 Korea
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Casiello M, Iannone F, Cotugno P, Monopoli A, Cioffi N, Ciminale F, Trzeciak AM, Nacci A. Copper(II)-catalysed oxidative carbonylation of aminols and amines in water: A direct access to oxazolidinones, ureas and carbamates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Yalfani MS, Lolli G, Müller TE, Wolf A, Mleczko L. Methyl N-phenyl carbamate synthesis from aniline and methyl formate: carbon recycling to chemical products. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:443-447. [PMID: 25504838 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201402827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Methyl N-phenyl carbamate was synthesized from aniline by using methyl formate as a green and efficient carbonylating agent. High yields were obtained at milder reaction conditions compared to the conventional CO/CH3 OH route. Studies on the reaction sequence led to suggest an alternative and more efficient route to the carbamate via formanilide as intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S Yalfani
- CAT Catalytic Center, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen (Germany)
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10
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Badru R, Singh B. Synthesis of imidazolidin-2-ones employing dialkyl carbonates as an ecofriendly carbonylation source. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08048c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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11
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Li F, Min R, Li J, Gao L, Xue W, Wang Y, Zhao X. Condensation Reaction of Methyl N-Phenylcarbamate with Formaldehyde over Hβ Catalyst. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie404045n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Min
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- School
of Civil Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liya Gao
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Xue
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanji Wang
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinqiang Zhao
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Liang M, Lee TJ, Huang CC, Lin KY. A Non-Phosgene Route Synthesis of Carbamate in Continuous Fixed Bed Reactor. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200700128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Hwang S, Kim HS, Cheong M. Alkylselenite-catalyzed Oxidative Carbonylation of Amines: Density Functional Theory Study. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.11.3864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Chen LJ, Mei FM, Li GX, Xiang YJ. Activities of Co(II) Schiff base complexes in the redox carbonylation of aniline and nitrobenzene to methyl N-phenyl carbamate. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158410050083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Zhang X, Jing H, Zhang G. Selenium-Catalyzed Oxidative Carbonylation of Aniline and Alcohols to N-Phenylcarbamates. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910903134626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Zhang
- a College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Huanzhi Jing
- a College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- a College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang, Henan, China
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LIU J, CHEN J, SUN W, XIA C. Recent Progress in Research of Some Carbonylation Reactions. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2010. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1088.2010.90526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Qin F, Li Q, Wang J, Feng Y, Kang M, Zhu Y, Wang X. One Pot Synthesis of Methyl N-Phenyl Carbamate from Aniline, Urea and Methanol. Catal Letters 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-008-9647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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PENG X, LI F, HU X, XIA C, SANDOVAL CA. A Pd(OAc)2/[mmim]I Catalyst System for Oxidative Carbonylation of Amines to Carbamates, Ureas, and 2-Oxazolidinones. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(08)60062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Oxidative carbonylation of aniline to N,N′-diphenyl urea catalyzed by cobalt(II)–Schiff base complex/pyridine catalytic system. CATAL COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2007.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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20
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Zheng SZ, Peng XG, Liu JM, Sun W, Xia CG. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Palladium Complex Catalyzed Oxidative Carbonylation of Amines to Ureas. CHINESE J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200790196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Zheng S, Peng X, Liu J, Sun W, Xia C. N-Heterocyclic Carbene–Palladium Complexes as Efficient Catalysts for the Oxidative Carbonylation of Amines to Ureas. Helv Chim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200790152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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23
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Spalt Z, Peña-Méndez EM, Alberti M, Havel J. Laser desorption/ionization and laser ablation synthesis of new selenium oxide compounds from selenium(IV) dioxide. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2006; 20:1019-24. [PMID: 16482521 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Laser desorption/ionization (LDI) and/or laser ablation (LA) of selenium dioxide crystals or its mixtures with sodium peroxide were studied using a commercial matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometer. It was found that LDI and LA of selenium (IV) dioxide not only ionizes SeO(2), but also leads to the formation of several positively and negatively singly charged species: SeO(n) (+) (n = 0-2), Se(2) (+), SeO(n) (-) (n = 0-4), Se(2)O(n) (-) (n = 3-7), Se(3)O(n) (-) (n = 4-9), Se(4)O(n) (-) (n = 8-10). A rather high yield of selenium species in the positive ion mode, Se(m) (+) (m = 1-8) and Se(m)OH(+) (m = 3-7), was obtained by using the MALDI approach while the species detected in the negative ion mode, SeO(n) (-) (n = 0-4), Se(2)O(n) (-) (n = 3-7), Se(3)O(n) (-) (n = 4-9), and Se(4)O(n) (-) (n = 9, 10), were the same as those observed during LDI/LA of selenium dioxide. The addition of sodium peroxide to selenium dioxide with the aim of enhancing its oxidation and thus increasing the production of SeO(4) product resulted in extensive cationization of the species with sodium or potassium. The following positively and negatively charged species were identified: Se(+), Se(2) (+), Se(2)OH(+), Se(2)ONa(+), SeO(n) (-) (n = 0-3), and Se(2)O(n) (-) (n = 0, 1, 4). Also observed in mass spectra of such mixtures, various mixed sodium and/or potassium adducts with selenium oxide species, e.g. Se(2)O(4)K(2)Na(-), were identified. In all, 26 totally new species, Se(2)O(n) (-) (n = 3-6), Se(3)O(n) (-) (n = 4-9), Se(4)O(n) (-) (n = 8-10), Se(4)O(11)H(5) (-), Se(4)O(12)H(3) (-), Se(2)O(4)Na(-), Se(2)O(5)HNa(-), Se(2)O(5)HNa(2) (-), Se(3)O(6)K(2)Na(-), Se(3)O(6)K(2)Na(2) (-), Se(2)ONa(+), and Se(m)OH(+) (m = 3-7), were described for the first time. Also, for the first time, the formation of selenium(IV) diperoxide, O-O-Se-O-O or O(2)SeO(2), is described. The stoichiometries of the compounds generated were confirmed using isotopic pattern modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbynek Spalt
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlárská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
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Wang X, Ling G, Xue Y, Lu S. Selenium-Catalyzed Reductive Carbonylation of 2-Nitrophenols to2-Benzoxazolones. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200400561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Shi F, Zhang Q, Gu Y, Deng Y. Silica Gel Confined Ionic Liquid+Metal Complexes for Oxygen-Free Carbonylation of Amines and Nitrobenzene to Ureas. Adv Synth Catal 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200404242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Jain N, Kumar A, Chauhan S, Chauhan S. Chemical and biochemical transformations in ionic liquids. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 535] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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Wang XK, Yan SR, Li ZH, Fan KN, Kang MQ, Peng SY. A novel non-phosgene approach to the synthesis of methyl N-phenyl carbamate by a reaction of methanol with phenylurea. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02705423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Chen J, Ling G, Lu S. Synthesis of new unsymmetric N,N′-dipyridylurea derivatives by selenium and selenium dioxide-catalyzed reductive carbonylation of substituted nitropyridines. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2003.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Kim HS, Kim YJ, Bae JY, Kim SJ, Lah MS, Chin CS. Imidazolium and Phosphonium Alkylselenites for the Catalytic Oxidative Carbonylation of Amines: Mechanistic Studies. Organometallics 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/om030005f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Sik Kim
- Division of Environment and Process Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1, Hawolgokdong, Seongbukgu, Seoul 136-791, Korea, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea, and Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 1271 Sa-1-dong, Ansan, Kyunggi-do 425-791, Korea
| | - Yong Jin Kim
- Division of Environment and Process Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1, Hawolgokdong, Seongbukgu, Seoul 136-791, Korea, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea, and Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 1271 Sa-1-dong, Ansan, Kyunggi-do 425-791, Korea
| | - Jin Yong Bae
- Division of Environment and Process Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1, Hawolgokdong, Seongbukgu, Seoul 136-791, Korea, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea, and Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 1271 Sa-1-dong, Ansan, Kyunggi-do 425-791, Korea
| | - Sung Joon Kim
- Division of Environment and Process Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1, Hawolgokdong, Seongbukgu, Seoul 136-791, Korea, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea, and Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 1271 Sa-1-dong, Ansan, Kyunggi-do 425-791, Korea
| | - Myoung Soo Lah
- Division of Environment and Process Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1, Hawolgokdong, Seongbukgu, Seoul 136-791, Korea, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea, and Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 1271 Sa-1-dong, Ansan, Kyunggi-do 425-791, Korea
| | - Chong Shik Chin
- Division of Environment and Process Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1, Hawolgokdong, Seongbukgu, Seoul 136-791, Korea, Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea, and Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 1271 Sa-1-dong, Ansan, Kyunggi-do 425-791, Korea
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