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van Rijn P, Mougin NC, Franke D, Park H, Böker A. Pickering emulsion templated soft capsules by self-assembling cross-linkable ferritin-polymer conjugates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:8376-8. [PMID: 21687903 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc12005k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oil-in-water (o/w) and water-in-oil (w/o) Pickering emulsions were prepared using ferritin-polymer conjugates. UV cross-linking stabilised the particle assembly around the fluid droplets. The resulting soft protein-polymer capsules were transferred to a medium of equal polarity as the inside of the capsule, creating water-in-water (w/w) and oil-in-oil (o/o) capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick van Rijn
- DWI an der RWTH Aachen e.V., Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Materialien und Oberflächen, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 8, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
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2
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Factors effect on the loading efficiency of Vitamin C loaded chitosan-coated nanoliposomes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 76:16-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Revised: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Vermette P. Liposome characterization by quartz crystal microbalance measurements and atomic force microscopy. Methods Enzymol 2010; 465:43-73. [PMID: 19913161 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(09)65003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
This chapter reviews liposome characterization by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In many studies, AFM imaging is simply used to image liposomes with resolution often that does not allow morphological analysis. Although liposome size can be obtained by processing AFM images, it is found that liposomes flatten upon surface adsorption or immobilization. Liposome stability and stiffness have been characterized by using AFM imaging or AFM force measurements, although the latter method, using a microsphere attached on the AFM cantilever, seems more appropriate to limit liposome damage and to obtain more quantitative analysis, such as the Young's modulus. Investigation of liposome layers by QCM revealed that liposomes can be detected from a combined analysis of frequency and bandwidth shifts. However, QCM by itself provides only limited information on liposomes. QCM can be used to assess the presence of a layer and also to discriminate between rigid and viscoelastic ones. Liposome properties have been derived from QCM curves, but often this requires making hypotheses that are difficult to assess. AFM and QCM analyses need to be combined with other techniques to provide complementary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Vermette
- Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et de Biophysique de l'Université de Sherbrooke, Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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Kalyankar ND, Sharma MK, Vaidya SV, Calhoun D, Maldarelli C, Couzis A, Gilchrist L. Arraying of intact liposomes into chemically functionalized microwells. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:5403-11. [PMID: 16732670 DOI: 10.1021/la0602719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe a protocol to bind individual, intact phospholipid bilayer liposomes, which are on the order of 1 microm in diameter, in microwells etched in a regular array on a silicon oxide substrate. The diameter of the wells is on the order of the liposome diameter, so only one liposome is located in each well. The background of the silicon oxide surface is functionalized with a PEG oligomer using the contact printing of a PEG silane to present a surface that resists the adsorption of proteins, lipid material, and liposomes. The interiors of the wells are functionalized with an aminosilane to facilitate the conjugation of biotin, which is then bound to Neutravidin. The avidin-coated well interiors bind the liposomes whose surfaces contain biotinylated lipids. The specific binding of the liposomes to the surface using the biotin-avidin linkage, together with the resistant nature of the background and the physical confinement of the wells, allows the liposomes to remain intact and to not unravel, rupture, and fuse onto the surface. We demonstrate this intact arraying using confocal laser scanning microscopy of fluorophores specifically tagging the microwells, the lipid bilayer, and the aqueous interior of the liposome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil D Kalyankar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, City University of New York, New York, USA
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Patel JD, Iwasaki Y, Ishihara K, Anderson JM. Phospholipid polymer surfaces reduce bacteria and leukocyte adhesion under dynamic flow conditions. J Biomed Mater Res A 2005; 73:359-66. [PMID: 15800952 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Persistence of infection can occur when the host immune response is compromised because of the presence of a foreign implant. Surface modification of biomaterials with phospholipid polymers may enhance biocompatibility and reduce incidence of infection by impeding bacterial and leukocyte adhesion. A rotating disk model, which generates shear stress from 0 to 18 dynes/cm(2), was used to characterize adhesion of neutrophils, monocytes, and bacteria in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or 25% human serum on polyethylene terephthalate surfaces coated with a phospholipid polymer, poly[omega-methacryloyloxyalkyl phosphorylcholine (MAPC)-co-n-butyl methacrylate (BMA)]. The material designated PMB30 contains a methylene chain length, (CH(2))(n), of n = 2, whereas PMHB30 contains a chain length of n = 6. In PBS, bacterial adhesion was shear stress dependent with the lowest bacterial density observed on PMB30. However, the presence of serum proteins eliminated shear stress and surface chemistry effects in addition to bacterial adhesion reduced to <10% of adhesion in PBS. Trends for leukocyte adhesion in serum demonstrated shear dependence with PMB30 exhibiting the lowest cell density throughout the range of shear stresses. In conclusion, modification of the polyethylene terephthalate surfaces with phospholipid polymers resulted in reduced bacterial and leukocyte adhesion. Furthermore, shortening the methylene chain length of the MAPC copolymer most effectively reduced adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine D Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Iwasaki Y, Ishihara K. Phosphorylcholine-containing polymers for biomedical applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2004; 381:534-46. [PMID: 15723256 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-004-2805-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2004] [Revised: 08/02/2004] [Accepted: 08/06/2004] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Iwasaki
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
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Vermette P, Meagher L. Interactions of phospholipid- and poly(ethylene glycol)-modified surfaces with biological systems: relation to physico-chemical properties and mechanisms. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7765(02)00160-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ishihara K, Tsujino R, Hamada M, Toyoda N, Iwasaki Y. Stabilized liposomes with phospholipid polymers and their interactions with blood cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7765(02)00006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Scott MJ, Jones MN. The interaction of phospholipid liposomes with zinc citrate particles: a microcalorimetric investigation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7757(00)00827-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Stanish I, Santos JP, Singh A. One-step, chemisorbed immobilization of highly stable, polydiacetylenic phospholipid vesicles onto gold films. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:1008-9. [PMID: 11456649 DOI: 10.1021/ja0056623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Stanish
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering Code 6930, Naval Research Laboratory 4555 Overlook Ave, SW., Washington, DC 20375, USA
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Osanai S, Nakamura K. Effects of complexation between liposome and poly(malic acid) on aggregation and leakage behaviour. Biomaterials 2000; 21:867-76. [PMID: 10735463 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(99)00210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The design and development of novel pH-sensitive liposomes were investigated to improve the release of liposome-encapsulated chemicals. Stable liposomes comprising of L-alpha-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and poly(carboxylic acid) were prepared and characterized. Poly(malic acid) (PMLA) was chosen as a fusogen, because of its excellent biodegradability in physiological regions. Octyl groups introduced in the poly(malic acid) worked as anchors at the surface of the liposomes and made a remarkable contribution to complexing. The interaction between the liposomes and the polyacids was studied in terms of the change in size of the liposomes. The influences of molecular weight and amounts of polymer upon their characteristics, especially fusion, were discussed. The influences of pH change with respect to the association behavior of the liposomes such as aggregation and fusion were estimated by the particle size of the liposomes, turbidimetry of the solution and resonance energy transfer assay. From the results of these studies, it was shown that more tightly complexed liposomes aggregated and fused more positively with increasing acidity of the solution. The leakage of calcein entrapped in the inner aqueous phase of the liposomes increased with decreasing pH. The effect of pH on the liposome aggregation in a solution qualitatively paralleled that found in the leakage behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Osanai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan.
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Ruiz L, Fine E, Vörös J, Makohliso SA, Léonard D, Johnston DS, Textor M, Mathieu HJ. Phosphorylcholine-containing polyurethanes for the control of protein adsorption and cell attachment via photoimmobilized laminin oligopeptides. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 1999; 10:931-55. [PMID: 10574609 DOI: 10.1163/156856299x00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized a biomaterial whose surface inhibits non-specific protein and cell attachment. The polymer was designed to mimic the external cell plasma membrane properties through the introduction of particular chemical constituents of the cell membrane: phospholipid polar headgroups. This was done by copolymerizing phosphorylcholine (PC) groups into a polyurethane polymer backbone (PCPUR). Peptides known to induce specific cell attachment were subsequently bound to the surface of this copolymer in a photoadressible manner to obtain surfaces that allowed the attachment of cells in a specific pattern. Two polymers with different phosphorylcholine concentrations were synthesized and their bulk and surface properties were characterized through differential scanning calorimetry, wettability measurements, angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Protein and lipid adsorption investigation using optical waveguide light mode spectroscopy showed that the irreversible adsorption of both proteins and lipids is drastically reduced as a result of simultaneous contributions of the PC groups, molecular mobility and strong hydrophilicity of the polymers. Consequently, this leads to a marked reduction in the cellular attachment response, which further decreases with increasing PC concentration. Finally, when the polymer surface was photo-derivatized, attachment of the neural NG108-15 cell line occurred only on the areas of the PCPUR where the laminin CDPGYIGSR peptide sequence was photoimmobilized. Cell attachment was nevertheless found to be non-specific with respect to the peptide sequence used and reasons for such results are therefore discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ruiz
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich
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Duro R, Souto C, Gómez-Amoza JL, Martínez-Pacheco R, Concheiro A. Interfacial adsorption of polymers and surfactants: implications for the properties of disperse systems of pharmaceutical interest. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1999; 25:817-29. [PMID: 10459488 DOI: 10.1081/ddc-100102244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This review considers basic aspects of the interfacial adsorption of polymers and surfactants, with particular reference to the relevance of these processes for the formulation of pharmaceutical disperse systems. First, we discuss different approaches to the interpretation of adsorption isotherms, paying particular attention to systems containing more than one adsorbate. Second, we consider the implications of adsorption for the properties of suspensions, emulsions, and colloidal systems, particularly as regards the use of polymers and surfactants for stabilizing disperse systems, for controlling flocculation, and for modifying the biopharmaceutical behavior of colloidal drug carriers. Finally, we present a number of representative examples of the importance of adsorption of macromolecules in pharmaceutical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Duro
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Iwasaki Y, Nakabayashi N, Nakatani M, Mihara T, Kurita K, Ishihara K. Competitive adsorption between phospholipid and plasma protein on a phospholipid polymer surface. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 1999; 10:513-29. [PMID: 10357263 DOI: 10.1163/156856299x00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The competitive adsorption of proteins and phospholipids on omega-methacryloyloxyalkyl phosphorylcholine (MAPC) polymer was evaluated in this study. Albumin, fibrinogen, and dimyrstoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) were used as model components. The amount of DMPC adsorbed on the MAPC polymers increased with an increase in the MAPC unit composition of the polymer. The methylene chain length of the MAPC unit was another factor influencing the DMPC adsorption when the MAPC unit composition of the MAPC polymer was low. The state of albumin and DMPC liposome adsorbed on the 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymer was determined by dynamic contact angle (DCA) measurement. The adsorption strength of albumin on the MPC polymer was weaker than that on the poly[n-butyl methacrylate (BMA)], that is, the albumin was detached from the MPC polymer during the rinsing process. On the poly(BMA) surface, no difference in the shape of the DCA loops before and after contact with the DMPC liposomal suspension was observed. Fibrinogen adsorption on the MAPC polymer was detected by gold-colloid labeled immunoassay. The amount of fibrinogen adsorbed on every MAPC polymer surface was reduced by addition of the DMPC liposome in the fibrinogen solution. The number of platelets adhered on the MAPC polymer was also decreased when the DMPC liposome was present in the fibrinogen solution during pretreatment. We concluded that phospholipids were preferentially adsorbed on the MAPC polymer surface compared with plasma protein and that the adsorbed phospholipids played an important role in showing an excellent blood compatibility on the MAPC polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Iwasaki
- Institute for Medical and Dental Engineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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Novel biomedical polymers for regulating serious biological reactions. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0928-4931(98)00059-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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