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Fang Z, Xu H, Xu Q, Meng L, Lu N, Li R, Müller-Buschbaum P, Zhong Q. High Efficiency of Formaldehyde Removal and Anti-bacterial Capability Realized by a Multi-Scale Micro-Nano Channel Structure in Hybrid Hydrogel Coating Cross-Linked on Microfiber-Based Polyurethane. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37429826 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the transpiration in the tree stem having a vertical and porous channel structure, high efficiency of formaldehyde removal is realized by the multi-scale micro-nano channel structure in a hybrid P(AAm/DA)-Ag/MgO hydrogel coating cross-linked on microfiber-based polyurethane. The present multi-scale channel structure is formed by a joint effect of directional freezing and redox polymerization as well as nanoparticles-induced porosity. Due to the large number of vertically aligned channels of micrometer size and an embedded porous structure of nanometer size, the specific surface area is significantly increased. Therefore, formaldehyde from solution can be rapidly adsorbed by the amine group in the hydrogels and efficiently degraded by the Ag/MgO nanoparticles. By only immersing in formaldehyde solution (0.2 mg mL-1) for 12 h, 83.8% formaldehyde is removed by the hybrid hydrogels with a multi-scale channel structure, which is 60.8% faster than that observed in hydrogels without any channel structure. After cross-linking the hybrid hydrogels with a multi-scale channel structure to microfiber-based polyurethane and exposing to the formaldehyde vapor atmosphere, 79.2% formaldehyde is removed in 12 h, which is again 11.2% higher than that observed in hydrogels without any channel structure. Unlike the traditional approaches to remove formaldehyde by the light catalyst, no external conditions are required in our present hybrid hydrogel coating, which is very suitable for indoor use. In addition, due to the formation of free radicals by the Ag/MgO nanoparticles, the cross-linked hybrid hydrogel coating on polyurethane synthetic leather also shows good anti-bacterial capability. 99.99% of Staphylococcus aureus can be killed on the surface. Based on the good ability to remove formaldehyde and to kill bacteria, the obtained microfiber-based polyurethane cross-linked with a hybrid hydrogel coating containing a multi-scale channel structure can be used in a broad field of applications, such as furniture and car interior parts, to simultaneously solve the indoor air pollution and hygiene problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Textile and Flexible Interconnection of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, 310018 Hangzhou, China
| | - Huawei Xu
- Hexin Kuraray Micro Fiber Leather (Jiaxing) Co. Ltd., 777 Pingnan Road, 314003 Jiaxing, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Hexin Kuraray Micro Fiber Leather (Jiaxing) Co. Ltd., 777 Pingnan Road, 314003 Jiaxing, China
| | - LiuBang Meng
- Hexin Kuraray Micro Fiber Leather (Jiaxing) Co. Ltd., 777 Pingnan Road, 314003 Jiaxing, China
| | - Nan Lu
- National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018 Hangzhou, China
| | - Renhong Li
- National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018 Hangzhou, China
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Street 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Qi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Textile and Flexible Interconnection of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, 310018 Hangzhou, China
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Street 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Diniz V, Rath G, Rath S, Araújo LS, Cunha DGF. Competitive kinetics of adsorption onto activated carbon for emerging contaminants with contrasting physicochemical properties. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:42185-42200. [PMID: 34435291 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Activated carbon (AC) can be used for the removal of emerging contaminants (e.g., drugs) in water and wastewater treatment plants. In the present study, we investigated the performance of two ACs (from coconut shell and Pinnus sp.) in the adsorption of caffeine, carbamazepine, and ricobendazole considering the compounds separately and in combination in batch-scale experiments. The concentrations of the drugs were determined by a validated method using solid-phase extraction with on-line ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The most mesoporous AC provided higher drug removal. The kinetic data were described by the pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and Weber-Morris models, while the adsorption isotherms showed a better fit to the Freundlich model, indicative of multilayer adsorption. The Dubinin-Radushkevich model was used as a first approach to estimate the mean adsorption energy (E) and the results indicate that chemisorption governed the adsorption process, with E higher than 8 kJ mol-1. In the multicomponent assays, the adsorption of caffeine showed the greatest hindrance caused by the presence of other drugs. Multicomponent assays are fundamental to evaluate the potential adsorption capacity in real water treatment plants. Our study suggests that drugs with different structures and physicochemical properties may interact differently with ACs, especially in multicomponent solutions, with important implications for the design (e.g., volumes and areas of treatment plants) and operation (e.g., water residence time) of the treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Diniz
- São Carlos School of Engineering, Hydraulics and Sanitation Department, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Rath
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Susanne Rath
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Larissa Sene Araújo
- São Carlos School of Engineering, Hydraulics and Sanitation Department, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Davi Gasparini Fernandes Cunha
- São Carlos School of Engineering, Hydraulics and Sanitation Department, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil
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A Brief Review of Formaldehyde Removal through Activated Carbon Adsorption. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12105025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Formaldehyde is a highly toxic indoor pollutant that can adversely impact human health. Various technologies have been intensively evaluated to remove formaldehyde from an indoor atmospheres. Activated carbon (AC) has been used to adsorb formaldehyde from the indoor atmosphere, which has been commercially viable owing to its low operational costs. AC has a high adsorption affinity due to its high surface area. In addition, applications of AC may be diversified by the surface modification. Among the different surface modifications for AC, amination treatments of AC have been reported and evaluated. Specifically, the amine functional groups of the amine-treated AC have been found to play an important role in the adsorption of formaldehyde. Surface modifications of AC by impregnating and/or grafting the amine functional groups onto the AC surface have been reported in the literature. The impregnation of the amine-containing species on AC is mainly achieved by physical interaction or H-bond of the amines to the AC surface. Meanwhile, the grafting of the amine functional groups is mainly conducted through chemical reactions occurring between the amines and the AC surface. Herein, the carboxyl group, as a representative functional group for grafting on the surface of AC, plays a key role in the amination reactions. A qualitative comparison of amination chemicals for the surface modification of AC has also been discussed. Thermodynamics and kinetics for adsorption of formaldehyde on AC are firstly reviewed in this paper, and then the major factors affecting the adsorptive removal of formaldehyde over AC are highlighted and discussed in terms of humidity and temperature. In addition, new strategies for amination, as well as the physical modification option for AC application, are proposed and discussed in terms of safety and processability.
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Bourguignon M, Grignard B, Detrembleur C. Introducing Polyhydroxyurethane Hydrogels and Coatings for Formaldehyde Capture. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:54396-54408. [PMID: 34747169 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is a harmful chemical product largely used for producing resins found in our living spaces. Residual FA that leaches out the resin contributes to our indoor air pollution and causes some important health issues. Systems able to capture this volatile organic compound are highly desirable; however, traditional adsorbents are most often restricted to air filtration systems. Herein, we report novel waterborne coatings that are acting as a FA sponge for indoor air decontamination. These coatings, of the poly(hydroxyurethane) (PHU) type, rich in primary amine groups, are prepared by the polyaddition of a hydrosoluble dicyclic carbonate to a polyamine in water at room temperature under catalyst-free conditions. We highlight the importance of the choice of the polyamine on the curing rate of the formulation and on the FA capture ability of PHU. The excellent FA capturing ability of the best candidate is rationalized by investigating the action mode of the polyamine used to construct PHUs. With poly(vinyl amine), FA is covalently and permanently bound to PHU, with no release over time. The performance of the coating in FA abatement is impressive, with more than 90% of captured FA after one day of contact. The facility to prepare these transparent and colorless coatings from waterborne formulations gives access to new efficient indoor air depolluting solutions, potentially applicable to various surfaces of our living spaces (wall, ceiling, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Bourguignon
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liege, Chemistry Department, Sart-Tilman B6A, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Bruno Grignard
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liege, Chemistry Department, Sart-Tilman B6A, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liege, Chemistry Department, Sart-Tilman B6A, 4000 Liege, Belgium
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Murindababisha D, Yusuf A, Sun Y, Wang C, Ren Y, Lv J, Xiao H, Chen GZ, He J. Current progress on catalytic oxidation of toluene: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:62030-62060. [PMID: 34570323 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16492-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Toluene is one of the pollutants that are dangerous to the environment and human health and has been sorted into priority pollutants; hence, the control of its emission is necessary. Due to severe problems caused by toluene, different techniques for the abatement of toluene have been developed. Catalytic oxidation is one of the promising methods and effective technologies for toluene degradation as it oxidizes it to CO2 and does not deliver other pollutants to the environment. This paper highlights the recent progressive advancement of the catalysts for toluene oxidation. Five categories of catalysts, including noble metal catalysts, transition metal catalysts, perovskite catalysts, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-based catalysts, and spinel catalysts reported in the past half a decade (2015-2020), are reviewed. Various factors that influence their catalytic activities, such as morphology and structure, preparation methods, specific surface area, relative humidity, and coke formation, are discussed. Furthermore, the reaction mechanisms and kinetics for catalytic oxidation of toluene are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Murindababisha
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Abubakar Yusuf
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chengjun Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Ren
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Jungang Lv
- Procuratoral Technology and Information Research Center, Supreme People's Procuratorate, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Centre for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - George Zheng Chen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jun He
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, People's Republic of China.
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Chen D, Zhang G, Wang M, Li N, Xu Q, Li H, He J, Lu J. Pt/MnO 2 Nanoflowers Anchored to Boron Nitride Aerogels for Highly Efficient Enrichment and Catalytic Oxidation of Formaldehyde at Room Temperature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6377-6381. [PMID: 33345451 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic room temperature oxidation of formaldehyde (HCHO) is widely considered as a viable method for the abatement of indoor toxic HCHO pollution. Herein, Pt/MnO2 nanoflowers anchored to boron nitride aerogels (Pt/MnO2 -BN) were fabricated for the catalytic room temperature oxidation of HCHO. The three-dimensional Pt/MnO2 -BN aerogels demonstrated superior catalytic activity as a result of the improved diffusion of the reactant molecules within the porous structure. Furthermore, the porous aerogels displayed excellent HCHO adsorption capacities, which promote a rapid HCHO gas-phase concentration reduction and a subsequent complete oxidation of the adsorbed HCHO. The combined adsorption and oxidation properties of the Pt/MnO2 -BN aerogels enhance the oxidative removal of HCHO. The optimized Pt/MnO2 -BN demonstrated excellent catalytic activity toward HCHO (200 ppm) at room temperature, achieving a 96 % formaldehyde conversion after 50 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyun Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Guping Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Najun Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qingfeng Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hua Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jinghui He
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jianmei Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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Chen D, Zhang G, Wang M, Li N, Xu Q, Li H, He J, Lu J. Pt/MnO
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Nanoflowers Anchored to Boron Nitride Aerogels for Highly Efficient Enrichment and Catalytic Oxidation of Formaldehyde at Room Temperature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyun Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Guping Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Najun Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Qingfeng Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Hua Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Jinghui He
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Jianmei Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
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Matović LL, Vukelić NS, Jovanović UD, Kumrić KR, Krstić JB, Babić BM, Đukić AB. Mechanochemically improved surface properties of activated carbon cloth for the removal of As(V) from aqueous solutions. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Vikrant K, Cho M, Khan A, Kim KH, Ahn WS, Kwon EE. Adsorption properties of advanced functional materials against gaseous formaldehyde. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 178:108672. [PMID: 31450145 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Intense efforts have been made to eliminate toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor environments, especially formaldehyde (FA). In this study, the removal performances of gaseous FA using two metal-organic frameworks, MOF-5 and UiO-66-NH2, and two covalent-organic polymers, CBAP-1 (EDA) and CBAP-1 (DETA), along with activated carbon as a conventional reference material, were evaluated. To assess the removal capacity of FA under near-ambient conditions, a series of adsorption experiments were conducted at its concentrations/partial pressures of both low (0.1-0.5 ppm/0.01-0.05 Pa) and high ranges (5-25 ppm/0.5-2.5 Pa). Among all tested materials at the high-pressure region ㅐ (e.g., at 2.5 ppm FA), a maximum adsorption capacity of 69.7 mg g-1 was recorded by UiO-66-NH2. Moreover, UiO-66-NH2 also displayed the best 10% breakthrough volume (BTV10) of 534 L g-1 (0.5 ppm FA) to 2963 L g-1 (0.1 ppm FA). In contrast, at the high concentration test (at 5, 10, and 25 ppm FA), the maximum BTV10 values were observed as: 137 (UiO-66-NH2), 144 (CBAP-1 (DETA)), and 36.8 L g-1 (CBAP-1 (EDA)), respectively. The Langmuir isotherm model was observed to be a better fit of the adsorption data than the Freundlich model under most of the tested conditions. The superiority of UiO-66-NH2 was attributed to the van der Waals interactions between the linkers (framework) and the hydrocarbon "tail" (FA) coupled with interactions between its open metal sites and the FA carbonyl groups. This study demonstrated the good potential of these advanced functional materials toward the practical removal of gaseous FA in indoor environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Vikrant
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyu Cho
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Azmatullah Khan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wha-Seung Ahn
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05005, Republic of Korea.
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Chen B, Wu L, Wu B, Wang Z, Yu L, Crocker M, Zhu A, Shi C. Catalytic Materials for Low Concentration VOCs Removal through “Storage‐Regeneration” Cycling. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of ChemistryDalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Le Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of ChemistryDalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Bo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of ChemistryDalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of ChemistryDalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Limei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of ChemistryDalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Mark Crocker
- Center for Applied Energy Research Department of ChemistryUniversity of Kentucky Lexington, KY USA
| | - Aimin Zhu
- Laboratory of Plasma Physical ChemistryDalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Chuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of ChemistryDalian University of Technology Dalian China
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Na CJ, Yoo MJ, Tsang DCW, Kim HW, Kim KH. High-performance materials for effective sorptive removal of formaldehyde in air. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 366:452-465. [PMID: 30562657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As formaldehyde (FA) is well-known for its carcinogenic potential, various techniques for its removal have been developed based on recovery (e.g., adsorption/absorption and condensation) or destructive treatment (e.g., incineration and thermal/ catalytic oxidation). Among them, adsorption has been one of the most preferable options due to its low price and simplicity. In this review, we summarize state-of-the-art knowledge about adsorption mechanisms with respect to its key controlling variables (e.g., surface chemical properties of adsorbent, temperature, and relative humidity) and adsorption performance of materials with particular emphasis on advanced materials (e.g., carbon nanotubes, metal-organic frameworks, graphene oxides, and porous organic polymers) and their modified forms in comparison with conventional sorbents (e.g., AC and zeolite). However, it is yet difficult to assess the adsorption capacity of each material on a parallel basis because adsorption experiments of each material were conducted under different conditions (e.g., large differences in the initial loading concentrations). The partition coefficient (PC) was employed for evaluating adsorption performance between different materials at an equivalent level to overcome the limitation based on adsorption capacity concept. For instance, among the list of the surveyed materials, the highest PC was recorded by γ-CD-MOF-K (31.2 mol kg-1 Pa-1). This study should offer valuable insights into the selection and development of outstanding materials for the sorptive removal of FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae-Jin Na
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ji Yoo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hyoun Woo Kim
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Yamada M, Funaki S, Miki S. Formaldehyde interacts with RNA rather than DNA: Accumulation of formaldehyde by the RNA-inorganic hybrid material. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 122:168-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Vellingiri K, Deng YX, Kim KH, Jiang JJ, Kim T, Shang J, Ahn WS, Kukkar D, Boukhvalov DW. Amine-Functionalized Metal-Organic Frameworks and Covalent Organic Polymers as Potential Sorbents for Removal of Formaldehyde in Aqueous Phase: Experimental Versus Theoretical Study. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:1426-1439. [PMID: 30543389 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Porous materials have been identified as efficient sorbent media to remove volatile organic compounds. To evaluate their potential as adsorbents, the adsorptive removal of formaldehyde (FA) in aqueous environments was investigated using four materials, two water-stable metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) of UiO-66 (U6) and U6-NH2 (U6N) and two covalent organic polymers (COPs) with amine-functionality, CBAP-1-EDA (CE) and CBAP-1-DETA (CD). U6N exhibited the highest removal capacity of 93% (0.56 mg g-1) of the tested materials [e.g., CE (81.1%, 0.53 mg g-1) > CD (67.2%, 0.43 mg g-1) > U6 (66.9%, 0.42 mg g-1)], which was 2 times higher than that of the reference sorbent, activated carbon (AC: 50%, 0.30 mg g-1). The results of Fourier transform infrared and powder X-ray diffraction analyses confirmed the interactions between FA molecules and the amine components of the materials (U6N, CD, and CE). According to density functional theory calculations, the formation of hydrogen bonds between FA molecules and amine components was apparent and was further verified by FA/amine distance (CD: 2.83, CE: 2.88, and U6N: 2.66 Å) along with enthalpy values (CD: -32.4, CE: -45.5, and U6N: -272 kJ mol-1). In case of U6, the major interactions occurred in the metal-clusters (-19.3 kJ mol-1) via electrostatic interactions (distance: 5.49 Å). Furthermore, the sorption by amine-functionalized materials such as U6N is suggested to be dominated by hydrogen bonding which ultimately led to the formation of imine. If the performance of the tested materials is evaluated in terms of partition coefficient, U6N (1153 mg g-1 mM-1) is found as the outperformer in all tested subjects. Regeneration of spent MOFs/COPs was also plausible in the presence of ethanol to maintain their structural integrity even after 10 adsorption-desorption cycles. Overall, the selected MOFs/COPs were seen to have very high removal capacity for hazardous FA molecules in aqueous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kowsalya Vellingiri
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Hanyang University , 222 Wangsimni-Ro , Seoul 04763 , Korea
- Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering , IIT Madras , Chennai 600 036 , India
| | - Ya-Xin Deng
- Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory , Nuclear Power Institution of China , Chengdu 610213 , China
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Hanyang University , 222 Wangsimni-Ro , Seoul 04763 , Korea
| | - Jheng-Jie Jiang
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Chung Yuan Christian University , Taoyuan 32023 , Taiwan
| | - Taejin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , New York 11794 , United States
| | - Jin Shang
- School of Energy and Environment , City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Wha-Seung Ahn
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Inha University , Incheon 402-751 , South Korea
| | - Deepak Kukkar
- Department of Nanotechnology , Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University , Fatehgarh Sahib , Punjab 140406 , India
| | - Danil W Boukhvalov
- College of Science, Institute of Materials Physics and Chemistry , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037 , P. R. China
- Theoretical Physics and Applied Mathematics Department , Ural Federal University , Mira Street 19 , Yekaterinburg 620002 , Russia
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14
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Enhancement of NH3 and water adsorption by introducing electron-withdrawing groups with maintenance of pore structures. ADSORPTION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-018-9995-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Amine functionalized activated carbon fibers as effective structured adsorbents for formaldehyde removal. ADSORPTION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-018-9974-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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de Falco G, Barczak M, Montagnaro F, Bandosz TJ. A New Generation of Surface Active Carbon Textiles As Reactive Adsorbents of Indoor Formaldehyde. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:8066-8076. [PMID: 29461794 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b19519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Highly porous carbon textiles were modified by impregnation with urea, thiourea, dicyandiamide, or penicillin G, followed by heat treatment at 800 °C. This resulted in an incorporation of nitrogen or nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms in various configurations to the carbon surface. The volume of pores and, especially, ultramicropores was also affected to various extents. The modified textiles were then used as adsorbents of formaldehyde (1 ppmv) in dynamic conditions. The modifications applied significantly improved the adsorptive performance. For the majority of samples, formaldehyde adsorption resulted in a decrease in the volume of ultramicropores. The enhancement in the adsorption was linked not only to the physical adsorption of formaldehyde in small pores but also to its reactivity with sulfonic groups and amines present on the surface. Water on the surface and in challenge gas decreased the adsorptive performance owing to the competition with formaldehyde for polar centers. The results collected show that the S- and N-modified textiles can work as efficient media for indoor formaldehyde removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo de Falco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The City College of New York , 160 Convent Avenue , New York , New York 10031 , United States
- Institute of Research on Combustion, National Research Council, IRC-CNR , Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio 80 , 80125 Napoli , Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo , 80126 Napoli , Italy
| | - Mariusz Barczak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The City College of New York , 160 Convent Avenue , New York , New York 10031 , United States
- Faculty of Chemistry , Maria Curie-Sklodowska University , Maria Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3 , 20-031 Lublin , Poland
| | - Fabio Montagnaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo , 80126 Napoli , Italy
| | - Teresa J Bandosz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The City College of New York , 160 Convent Avenue , New York , New York 10031 , United States
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17
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Feng X, Liu H, He C, Shen Z, Wang T. Synergistic effects and mechanism of a non-thermal plasma catalysis system in volatile organic compound removal: a review. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy01934c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Non-thermal plasma catalysis with high efficiency, high by-product selectivity and superior carbon balance is one of the most promising technologies in the control of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Feng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering
- School of Energy and Power Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Hongxia Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering
- School of Energy and Power Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Chi He
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering
- School of Energy and Power Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering
- School of Energy and Power Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Taobo Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering
- School of Energy and Power Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
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18
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Wu L, Qin Z, Zhang L, Meng T, Yu F, Ma J. CNT-enhanced amino-functionalized graphene aerogel adsorbent for highly efficient removal of formaldehyde. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03643k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Graphene aerogels modified using two different methods were investigated for their capacities to adsorb gaseous formaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirui Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Ziyi Qin
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Lanxin Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
- Environment Control System Department
| | - Tao Meng
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Fei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
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19
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Enhanced room-temperature HCHO decomposition activity of highly-dispersed Pt/Al2O3 hierarchical microspheres with exposed {110} facets. J IND ENG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Yonemitsu H, Shiozaki E, Hitotsuda F, Kishimoto N, Okuno Y, Nakagawa K, Hori K. Biodegradation of high concentrations of formaldehyde by lyophilized cells of Methylobacterium sp. FD1. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:2264-2270. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1214535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In the present study, Methylobacterium sp. FD1 utilizing formaldehyde was isolated from soil. The resting cells of FD1 degraded high concentrations of formaldehyde (~2.7 M) and produced formic acid and methanol that were molar equivalents of one-half of the degraded formaldehyde. This result suggests that formaldehyde degradation by FD1 is caused by formaldehyde dismutase. The optimal temperature and pH for formaldehyde degradation by the resting cells of FD1 were 40 °C and 5–7, respectively. The lyophilized cells of FD1 also degraded high concentrations of formaldehyde. The formaldehyde degradation activity of the lyophilized cells was maintained as the initial activity at 25 °C for 287 days. These results suggest that the lyophilized cells of FD1 are useful as formaldehyde degradation materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yonemitsu
- Department of Materials Science, Wakayama College, National Institute of Technology, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Emi Shiozaki
- Department of Materials Science, Wakayama College, National Institute of Technology, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Fumina Hitotsuda
- Department of Materials Science, Wakayama College, National Institute of Technology, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Noboru Kishimoto
- Department of Materials Science, Wakayama College, National Institute of Technology, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Okuno
- Department of Materials Science, Wakayama College, National Institute of Technology, Wakayama, Japan
| | | | - Koji Hori
- Mikiriken Industrial Co., Ltd., Wakayama, Japan
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21
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Lee CH, Park N, Kim G, Jeon JK. Comparison of Adsorption Performance of Ammonia and Formaldehyde Gas Using Adsorbents Prepared from Water Treatment Sludge and Impregnated Activated Carbon. APPLIED CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.14478/ace.2015.1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Guo Z, Fan J, Zhang J, Kang Y, Liu H, Jiang L, Zhang C. Sorption heavy metal ions by activated carbons with well-developed microporosity and amino groups derived from Phragmites australis by ammonium phosphates activation. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2015.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Bellat JP, Bezverkhyy I, Weber G, Royer S, Averlant R, Giraudon JM, Lamonier JF. Capture of formaldehyde by adsorption on nanoporous materials. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 300:711-717. [PMID: 26296074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to assess the capability of a series of nanoporous materials to capture gaseous formaldehyde by adsorption in order to develop air treatment process and gas detection in workspaces or housings. Adsorption-desorption isotherms have been accurately measured at room temperature by TGA under very low pressure (p<2 hPa) on various adsorbents, such as zeolites, mesoporous silica (SBA15), activated carbon (AC NORIT RB3) and metal organic framework (MOF, Ga-MIL-53), exhibiting a wide range of pore sizes and surface properties. Results reveal that the NaX, NaY and CuX faujasite (FAU) zeolites are materials which show strong adsorption capacity and high affinity toward formaldehyde. In addition, these materials can be completely regenerated by heating at 200°C under vacuum. These cationic zeolites are therefore promising candidates as adsorbents for the design of air depollution process or gas sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Bellat
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ICB UMR 6303 CNRS, 9 Alain Savary BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France.
| | - Igor Bezverkhyy
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ICB UMR 6303 CNRS, 9 Alain Savary BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Guy Weber
- Université de Poitiers, IC2MP UMR 7285 CNRS, 4 Michel Brunet 86022, Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Royer
- Université de Poitiers, IC2MP UMR 7285 CNRS, 4 Michel Brunet 86022, Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Remy Averlant
- Université de Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies, UCCS UMR 8181 CNRS, Cité Scientifique, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Jean-Marc Giraudon
- Université de Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies, UCCS UMR 8181 CNRS, Cité Scientifique, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Jean-François Lamonier
- Université de Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies, UCCS UMR 8181 CNRS, Cité Scientifique, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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24
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Szekely G, Amores de Sousa MC, Gil M, Castelo Ferreira F, Heggie W. Genotoxic Impurities in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing: Sources, Regulations, and Mitigation. Chem Rev 2015; 115:8182-229. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300095f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gyorgy Szekely
- School of Chemical Engineering & Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, The Mill, Sackville Street, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam C. Amores de Sousa
- Department
of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences
(iBB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marco Gil
- Hovione FarmaCiencia SA, R&D, Sete Casas, 2674-506, Loures, Portugal
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department
of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences
(iBB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - William Heggie
- Hovione FarmaCiencia SA, R&D, Sete Casas, 2674-506, Loures, Portugal
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25
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Liang H, Bu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J. Graphene oxide as efficient high-concentration formaldehyde scavenger and reutilization in supercapacitor. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 444:109-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Mahaninia MH, Rahimian P, Kaghazchi T. Modified activated carbons with amino groups and their copper adsorption properties in aqueous solution. Chin J Chem Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Sorption Characteristics of Mixed Molecules of Glutaraldehyde from Water on Mesoporous Acid-Amine Modified Low-Cost Activated Carbon: Mechanism, Isotherm, and Kinetics. J CHEM-NY 2015. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/757256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The environmental discharge of inefficiently treated waste solutions of the strong biocide glutaraldehyde (GA) from hospitals has potential toxic impact on aquatic organisms. The adsorption characteristics of mixed polarized monomeric and polymeric molecules of GA from water on mesoporous acid-amine modified low-cost activated carbon (AC) were investigated. It was found that the adsorption strongly depended on pH and surface chemistry. In acidic pH, the adsorption mechanism was elaborated to involve chemical sorption of mainly hydroxyl GA monomeric molecules on acidic surface groups, while in alkaline pH, the adsorption was elaborated to involve both chemical and physical sorption of GA polymeric forms having mixed functional groups (aldehyde, carboxyl, and hydroxyl) on acidic and amine surface groups. The optimum pH of adsorption was about 12 with significant contribution by cooperative adsorption, elucidated in terms of hydrogen bonding and aldol condensation. Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich models were fitted to isotherm data. The adsorption kinetics was dependent on initial concentration and temperature and described by the Elovich model. The adsorption was endothermic, while the intraparticle diffusion model suggested significant contribution by film diffusion. The developed low-cost AC could be used to supplement the GA alkaline deactivation process for efficient removal of residual GA aquatic toxicity.
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28
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Nomura A, Jones CW. Enhanced Formaldehyde‐Vapor Adsorption Capacity of Polymeric Amine‐Incorporated Aminosilicas. Chemistry 2014; 20:6381-90. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Nomura
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332‐0100 (USA), Fax: (+1) 404‐894‐2866
| | - Christopher W. Jones
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332‐0100 (USA), Fax: (+1) 404‐894‐2866
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29
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Lee KJ, Miyawaki J, Shiratori N, Yoon SH, Jang J. Toward an effective adsorbent for polar pollutants: formaldehyde adsorption by activated carbon. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 260:82-88. [PMID: 23747466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Due to increasing concerns about environmental pollutants, the development of an effective adsorbent or sensitive sensor has been pursued in recent years. Diverse porous materials have been selected as promising candidates for detecting and removing harmful materials, but the most appropriate pore structure and surface functional groups, both important factors for effective adsorbency, have not yet been fully elucidated. In particular, there is limited information relating to the use of activated carbon materials for effective adsorbent of specific pollutants. Here, the pore structure and surface functionality of polyacrylonitrile-based activated carbon fibers were investigated to develop an efficient adsorbent for polar pollutants. The effect of pore structure and surface functional groups on removal capability was investigated. The activated carbons with higher nitrogen content show a great ability to absorb formaldehyde because of their increased affinity with polar pollutants. In particular, nitrogen functional groups that neighbor oxygen atoms play an important role in maximizing adsorption capability. However, because there is also a similar increase in water affinity in adsorbents with polar functional groups, there is a considerable decrease in adsorption ability under humid conditions because of preferential adsorption of water to adsorbents. Therefore, it can be concluded that pore structures, surface functional groups and the water affinity of any adsorbent should be considered together to develop an effective and practical adsorbent for polar pollutants. These studies can provide vital information for developing porous materials for efficient adsorbents, especially for polar pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Jin Lee
- Department of Fine Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro (st), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
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30
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Nomura A, Jones CW. Amine-functionalized porous silicas as adsorbents for aldehyde abatement. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:5569-77. [PMID: 23716505 DOI: 10.1021/am400810s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A series of aminopropyl-functionalized silicas containing of primary, secondary, or tertiary amines is fabricated via silane-grafting on mesoporous SBA-15 silica and the utility of each material in the adsorption of volatile aldehydes from air is systematically assessed. A particular emphasis is placed on low-molecular-weight aldehydes such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, which are highly problematic volatile organic compound (VOC) pollutants. The adsorption tests demonstrate that the aminosilica materials with primary amines most effectively adsorbed formaldehyde with an adsorption capacity of 1.4 mmolHCHO g(-1), whereas the aminosilica containing secondary amines showed lower adsorption capacity (0.80 mmolHCHO g(-1)) and the aminosilica containing tertiary amines adsorbed a negligible amount of formaldehyde. The primary amine containing silica also successfully abated higher aldehyde VOC pollutants, including acetaldehyde, hexanal, and benzaldehyde, by effectively adsorbing them. The adsorption mechanism is investigated by (13)C CP MAS solid-state NMR and FT-Raman spectroscopy, and it is demonstrated that the aldehydes are chemically attached to the surface of aminosilica in the form of imines and hemiaminals. The high aldehyde adsorption capacities of the primary aminosilicas in this study demonstrate the utility of amine-functionalized silica materials for reduction of gaseous aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Nomura
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, USA
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31
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Quiroz Torres J, Royer S, Bellat JP, Giraudon JM, Lamonier JF. Formaldehyde: catalytic oxidation as a promising soft way of elimination. CHEMSUSCHEM 2013; 6:578-592. [PMID: 23456881 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201200809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Compared to other molecules such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and chlorinated compounds, the catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde has been studied rarely. However, standards for the emission level of this pollutant will become more restrictive because of its extreme toxicity even at very low concentrations in air. As a consequence, the development of a highly efficient process for its selective elimination is needed. Complete catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde into CO2 and H2 O using noble-metal-based catalysts is a promising method to convert this pollutant at room temperature, making this process energetically attractive from an industrial point of view. However, the development of a less expensive active phase is required for a large-scale industrial development. Nanomaterials based on oxides of manganese are described as the most promising catalysts. The objective of this Minireview is to present promising recent studies on the removal of formaldehyde through heterogeneous catalysis to stimulate future research in this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhon Quiroz Torres
- Université de Lille1, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, UMR CNRS 8181, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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32
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Ehle S, Brüser V, Lorenz V, Hrib CG, Saulich K, Müller S, Quade A, Edelmann FT. Linear Heterometallic Co
3
Li
2
and Co
4
Li
2
Siloxides: Precursors for the Plasma Synthesis of Adsorbent Materials. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201201060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Ehle
- Chemisches Institut der Otto‐von‐Guericke‐Universität Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany, Fax: +49‐391‐67‐12933, http://www.uni‐magdeburg.de/ich/d/ach/index.php
| | - Volker Brüser
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Felix‐Hausdorff‐Straße 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany, Fax: +49‐3834‐554‐301, http://www.inp‐greifswald.de
| | - Volker Lorenz
- Chemisches Institut der Otto‐von‐Guericke‐Universität Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany, Fax: +49‐391‐67‐12933, http://www.uni‐magdeburg.de/ich/d/ach/index.php
| | - Cristian G. Hrib
- Chemisches Institut der Otto‐von‐Guericke‐Universität Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany, Fax: +49‐391‐67‐12933, http://www.uni‐magdeburg.de/ich/d/ach/index.php
| | - Katja Saulich
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Felix‐Hausdorff‐Straße 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany, Fax: +49‐3834‐554‐301, http://www.inp‐greifswald.de
| | - Siegfried Müller
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Felix‐Hausdorff‐Straße 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany, Fax: +49‐3834‐554‐301, http://www.inp‐greifswald.de
| | - Antje Quade
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Felix‐Hausdorff‐Straße 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany, Fax: +49‐3834‐554‐301, http://www.inp‐greifswald.de
| | - Frank T. Edelmann
- Chemisches Institut der Otto‐von‐Guericke‐Universität Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany, Fax: +49‐391‐67‐12933, http://www.uni‐magdeburg.de/ich/d/ach/index.php
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33
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Kim JW, Shin CH, Park JH, Jin WZ, Bae KH, Jung MJ. Preparation of highly carbonized material from nanoparticle impregnated biomass. J IND ENG CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2012.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Furuyado M, Ohba T, Amano Y, Machida M. Adsorption of Cd(II) onto Activated Carbon Fiber Prepared by Urea Treatment. KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUN 2012. [DOI: 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.38.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoshimasa Amano
- Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University
- Safety and Health Organization, Chiba University
| | - Motoi Machida
- Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University
- Safety and Health Organization, Chiba University
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35
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Fan X, Zhu T, Sun Y, Yan X. The roles of various plasma species in the plasma and plasma-catalytic removal of low-concentration formaldehyde in air. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 196:380-385. [PMID: 21968115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The contributions of various plasma species to the removal of low-concentration formaldehyde (HCHO) in air by DC corona discharge plasma in the presence and absence of downstream MnO(x)/Al(2)O(3) catalyst were systematically investigated in this study. Experimental results show that HCHO can be removed not only by short-living active species in the discharge zone, but also by long-living species except O(3) downstream the plasma reactor. O(3) on its own is incapable of removing HCHO in the gas phase but when combined with the MnO(x)/Al(2)O(3) catalyst, considerable HCHO conversion is seen, well explaining the greatly enhanced HCHO removal by combining plasma with catalysis. The plasma-catalysis hybrid process where HCHO is introduced through the discharge zone and then the catalyst bed exhibits the highest energy efficiency concerning HCHO conversion, due to the best use of plasma-generated active species in a two-stage HCHO destruction process. Moreover, the presence of downstream MnO(x)/Al(2)O(3) catalyst significantly reduced the emission of discharge byproducts (O(3)) and organic intermediates (HCOOH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Fan
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
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Houshmand A, Daud WMAW, Shafeeyan MS. Tailoring the Surface Chemistry of Activated Carbon by Nitric Acid: Study Using Response Surface Method. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2011. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20110145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Shin S, Song J. Modeling and simulations of the removal of formaldehyde using silver nano-particles attached to granular activated carbon. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 194:385-392. [PMID: 21872983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A combined reaction, consisting of granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption and catalytic oxidation, has been proposed to improve the removal efficiencies of formaldehyde, one of the major indoor air pollutants. In this study, silver nano-particles attached onto the surface of GAC (Ag-GAC) using the sputtering method were evaluated for the simultaneous catalytic oxidation and adsorption of formaldehyde. The evolution of CO(2) from the silver nano-particles indicated that formaldehyde was catalytically oxidized to its final product, with the oxidation kinetics expressed as pseudo-first order. In addition, a packed column test showed that the mass of formaldehyde removed by the Ag-GAC was 2.4 times higher than that by the virgin GAC at a gas retention time of 0.5s. However, a BET analysis showed that the available surface area and micro-pore volume of the Ag-GAC were substantially decreased due to the deposition of the silver nano-particles. To simulate the performance of the Ag-GAC, the homogeneous surface diffusion model (HSDM), developed for the prediction of the GAC column adsorption, was modified to incorporate the catalytic oxidation taking place on the Ag-GAC surface. The modified HSDM demonstrated that numerical simulations were consistent with the experimental data collected from the Ag-GAC column tests. The model predictions implied that the silver nano-particles deposited on the GAC reduced the adsorptive capacity due to decreasing the available surface for the diffusion of formaldehyde into the GAC, but the overall mass of formaldehyde removed by the Ag-GAC was increased due to catalytic oxidation as a function of the ratio of the surface coverage by the nano-particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeungKyu Shin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, Gunja-Dong 98, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Afkhami A, Bagheri H. Preconcentration of trace amounts of formaldehyde from water, biological and food samples using an efficient nanosized solid phase, and its determination by a novel kinetic method. Mikrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-011-0715-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhao DZ, Li XS, Shi C, Fan HY, Zhu AM. Low-concentration formaldehyde removal from air using a cycled storage–discharge (CSD) plasma catalytic process. Chem Eng Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2011.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Lee JY, Park SH, Jeon JK, Yoo KS, Kim SS, Park YK. The removal of low concentration formaldehyde over sewage sludge char treated using various methods. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-011-0007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Houshmand A, Wan Daud WMA, Shafeeyan MS. Exploring Potential Methods for Anchoring Amine Groups on the Surface of Activated Carbon for CO2Adsorption. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2010.546383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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42
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Comparison of removal ability of indoor formaldehyde over different materials functionalized with various amine groups. J IND ENG CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2010.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Liang WJ, Li J, Li JX, Zhu T, Jin YQ. Formaldehyde removal from gas streams by means of NaNO2 dielectric barrier discharge plasma. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 175:1090-1095. [PMID: 19896770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Revised: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Destruction of formaldehyde by means of NaNO2 ferro-electric packed bed dielectric barrier discharge plasma in a coaxial cylindrical reactor was carried out at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The difference among four kinds of NaNO2 ferro-electric reactors was compared in terms of specific energy density (SED), energy yield (EY), and HCHO decomposition. In addition, by-products during the decomposition of HCHO and destruction mechanism were also investigated. The removal efficiency of HCHO increased by means of NaNO2 DBD plasma significantly and enhanced with increasing SED distinctly. More amount of NaNO2 contributed to higher HCHO removal efficiency in the reactors. Reactor C had the highest HCHO removal efficiency among the reactors. As an important by-product, ozone concentration increased with higher SED. The possible main products in the outlet effluent were CO, CO(2) and H(2)O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Liang
- College of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No. 100 Ping Le Yuan, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100124, PR China.
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Activated carbon modified with copper for adsorption of propanethiol. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:927-42. [PMID: 20479992 PMCID: PMC2869225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11030927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Revised: 12/25/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated carbons were characterized texturally and chemically before and after treatment, using surface area determination in the BET model, Boehm titration, TPR, DRX and immersion calorimetry. The adsorption capacity and the kinetics of sulphur compound removal were determined by gas chromatography. It was established that the propanethiol retention capacity is dependent on the number of oxygenated groups generated on the activated carbon surface and that activated carbon modified with CuO at 0.25 M shows the highest retention of propanethiol. Additionally is proposed a mechanism of decomposition of propenothiol with carbon-copper system.
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Zhu J, Deng B, Yang J. Enhanced Adsorption of Mercury(II) Ions from Aqueous Solution by Carbon-Based Adsorbents Containing Cl-, S- and N-functional Groups. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1260/026361708788708306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Zhu
- Center of Environmental Sciences, Lincoln University of Missouri, Jefferson City, MO 65102, U.S.A
| | - Baolin Deng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, U.S.A
| | - John Yang
- Center of Environmental Sciences, Lincoln University of Missouri, Jefferson City, MO 65102, U.S.A
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Song Y, Qiao W, Yoon SH, Mochida I, Guo Q, Liu L. Removal of formaldehyde at low concentration using various activated carbon fibers. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.26368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Tamai H, Nagoya H, Shiono T. Adsorption of methyl mercaptan on surface modified activated carbon. J Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 300:814-7. [PMID: 16696998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2006] [Revised: 04/07/2006] [Accepted: 04/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The influence of surface modification of activated carbon on the adsorption of methyl mercaptan in N(2) was investigated. The modification of the activated carbon was carried out by treatment with HNO(3)/H(2)SO(4) solutions, heat-treatment in Ar, and adsorption of cetylamine. Acid-treatment increased the adsorption of methyl mercaptan compared with the original activated carbon, and the adsorbed amounts increased with ratio of H(2)SO(4) in HNO(3)/H(2)SO(4) solutions. This result suggests that hydrogen bonding between acidic groups formed by acid-treatment and thiol groups of methyl mercaptan plays a role in adsorption of methyl mercaptan on activated carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Tamai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-4-1, Higashi-hiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
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Kawai T, Ohtsuki C, Kamitakahara M, Tanihara M, Miyazaki T, Sakaguchi Y, Konagaya S. Removal of formaldehyde by hydroxyapatite layer biomimetically deposited on polyamide film. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2006; 40:4281-5. [PMID: 16856747 DOI: 10.1021/es050098n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Some harmful volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as formaldehyde, are regulated atmospheric pollutants. Therefore, development of a material to remove these VOCs is required. We focused on hydroxyapatite, which had been biomimetically coated on a polyamide film, as an adsorbent and found that formaldehyde was successfully removed by this adsorbent. The amount of formaldehyde adsorbed increased with the area of the polyamide film occupied by hydroxyapatite. The amount of adsorbed formaldehyde and its rate of adsorption were larger for hydroxyapatite deposited on polyamide film than for the commercially available calcined hydroxyapatite powder. This high adsorption ability is achieved by the use of nanosized particles of hydroxyapatite with low crystallinity and containing a large number of active surface sites. Therefore, hydroxyapatite biomimetically coated on organic substrates can become a candidate material for removing harmful VOCs such as formaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kawai
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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Tamai H, Shiraki K, Shiono T, Yasuda H. Surface functionalization of mesoporous and microporous activated carbons by immobilization of diamine. J Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 295:299-302. [PMID: 16140315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2005] [Revised: 08/04/2005] [Accepted: 08/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of amino groups on HNO3-treated microporous (AC(micro)-At) and mesoporous (AC(meso)-At) activated carbon, which was followed by thionyl chloride (SOCl2) treatment, by immobilization of diamine compounds was investigated in terms of change in pore characteristics. The immobilization was improved by treatment with SOCl2. The BET surface area of AC(micro)-At largely decreased by immobilization of ethylenediamine (EDA) and hexamethylenediamine (HMDA). Decreases in BET surface area and pore volume of AC(meso)-At by immobilization of EDA and HMDA were scarcely observed. These results suggest that amino groups introduced to mesoporous activated carbon are effective as functional groups for additional reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Tamai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-4-1, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
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