Competitive Adsorption of Chloroform and Iron Ion onto Activated Carbon Fiber

Removal of arsenate and 17alpha-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) by iron (hydr)oxide modified activated carbon fibers

Activated carbon fibers (ACF) were modified with iron (hydr)oxide and studied to determine their suitability to remove arsenate and 17alpha -ethinyl estradiol (EE2) from water. Two synthesis methods, one involving aqueous KMnO(4) pretreatment followed by Fe(II) treatment, and the other involving reaction with Fe(III) in an organic solvent followed by NaOH treatment, were used to produce modified ACF media containing 5.9% and 8.4% iron by dry weight, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Electron dispersion X-ray (EDX) techniques indicated slightly higher iron content near the outer edges of the fibers. Pseudo-equilibrium batch test experimental data at pH = 7.0 +/- 0.1 in 5 mM NaHCO(3) buffered ultrapure water containing approximately 100 micro g(As)/L and approximately 500 micro gEE2/L were fitted with the Freundlich isotherm model (q = K x C(E)(1/n)). The adsorption capacity parameters (K) were approximately 2586 (micro gAs/gFe)(L/micro gAs)(1/n) and approximately 425 (micro gAs/gFe)(L/micro gAs)(1/n)), respectively, for the KMnO(4)/Fe(II) and Fe(III)/NaOH treated media. The KMnO(4)/Fe(II) media exhibited a lower adsorption capacity at 99% EE2 removal than did the Fe(III)/NaOH treated media (1.3 mgEE2/g -dry -media vs. 1.8 mgEE2/g -dry -media). The arsenate adsorption intensity parameters (1/n) for both modified ACF media were < 0.29, implying very favorable adsorption, which suggests that this type of media may be suitable for single point -of -use applications in which arsenic and organic co-contaminants require simultaneous removal and the depth of the packed bed is the key factor.

Fixed-bed adsorption of chlorinated hydrocarbons from multicomponent aqueous solution onto activated carbon: Equilibrium column model

The results of studies on the adsorption dynamics of light chlorinated hydrocarbons, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,1-dichloroethene, perchloroethylene and 1,1,2-trichloroethene, from a seven-component solution on to activated carbon are presented. The experimental results were described using the equilibrium model. The application of this model allows to determine the location of the midpoint of the breakthrough profile.

Adsorption characteristics of Fe(III) and Fe(III)-NTA complex on granular activated carbon

The adsorption of Fe(3+) ion on granular activated carbon has been studied in kinetic and equilibrium conditions taking into account the adsorbate concentration, temperature and solution pH as major influential factors. In addition, the effect of nitrilotriacetic acid on adsorption reaction as a complexing agent has been examined. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption rate was increased as the initial Fe(3+) concentration was raised. The adsorption reaction was estimated to be first-order at room temperature. The adsorption rate and equilibrium adsorption of Fe(3+) increased as the temperature rose. The activation energy for adsorption was approximately 2.23 kJ mol(-1), which implied that Fe(3+) mainly physically adsorbed on activated carbon. Coexistence of nitrilotriacetic acid with Fe(3+) resulted in a decrease of equilibrium adsorption and the extent of decrease was proportional to the concentration of nitrilotriacetic acid. In the presence of nitrilotriacetic acid, the adsorbability of Fe(3+) decreased with pH. However, the trend was reversed in the absence of nitrilotriacetic acid. When activated carbon was swelled by acetic acid, the specific surface area was increased and maximum swelling was achieved at approximately 48 h of swelling time. Thermodynamic parameters such as DeltaG(o), DeltaH(o) and DeltaS(o) for adsorption reaction were estimated based on equilibrium data and in connection with these results the thermodynamic aspects of adsorption reaction were discussed.

Adsorption behavior of zinc and cadmium ion on granular activated carbon in singular and binary systems and the influence of nitrilotricetic acid as a complexing agent

Adsorption characteristics of zinc and cadmium ion on granular activated carbon have been studied in dynamic and equilibrium aspects and singular and binary adsorption behavior were compared. Based on the van't Hoff equation, reaction orders and rate constants were observed to increase as initial concentration of adsorbate was raised for both metal ions. Adsorption of Zn and Cd ion was found to increase with temperature, and this endothermic nature of adsorption reaction was further verified by thermodynamic calculation. Taking nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) as a ligand, the influence of complexing agent was examined and the variation of adsorption percentage was found to closely relate with the change in ionic form of NTA depending upon pH conditions and amount of complexing agent used. Features of binary adsorption are discussed for several influential parameters and experimental observations for both ions were correlated with a predicted adsorption isotherm based on a Langmuir multi-component model.