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Chien YJ, Yen GC, Huang SC, Chen SC, Hsu CL. Anti-fatigue effects of enzyme-hydrolyzed okara in C2C12 myotubes and Sprague-Dawley rats. Food Funct 2022; 13:12777-12786. [PMID: 36420930 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02244c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Okara is a by-product of tofu or soymilk production processes. The disposal of huge quantities of okara is a significant issue. Based on previous reports, protein hydrolysis can release excess free amino acids and small peptides from okara and exhibit anti-fatigue function. We aimed to investigate the anti-fatigue effect of okara protein hydrolysate (OPH) in vitro and in vivo. In the first phase, we treated C2C12 myotubes with different processed OPHs to detect mitochondrial functions. The results revealed that OPH hydrolyzed with alcalase containing 2% E/S for 2 h increased the mitochondrial mRNA level (cytochrome b and cytochrome c oxidase I) and enzyme activity (citrate synthase and cytochrome c oxidase) most efficiently. In the second phase, we conducted animal studies to assess the anti-fatigue function of OPH. After acclimatization, 8 week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly classified into four groups: (1) control group, (2) 1X-OPH, (3) 2X-OPH, and (4) 5X-OPH (8 rats per group, treated for 28 days). The results indicated that the intake of OPH for 28 days increased the exhaustive swimming time of rats and lowered the increment of the lactate ratio, as well as the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase. These results indicated that OPH improves exercise performance and anti-fatigue function in male SD rats. Therefore, OPH could be a potential health supplement for anti-fatigue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jou Chien
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Gow-Chin Yen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chien Huang
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Health Industry Technology Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shiuan-Chih Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Lin Hsu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Lima WG, Brito JCM, de Lima ME, Pizarro ACST, Vianna MAMDM, de Paiva MC, de Assis DCS, Cardoso VN, Fernandes SOA. A short synthetic peptide, based on LyeTx I from Lycosa erythrognatha venom, shows potential to treat pneumonia caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii without detectable resistance. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2021; 74:425-434. [PMID: 33972716 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-021-00421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, especially carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), together with relative stagnation in the development of effective antibiotics, has led to enormous health and economic problems. In this study, we aimed to describe the antibacterial spectrum of LyeTx I mnΔK, a short synthetic peptide based on LyeTx I from Lycosa erythrognatha venom, against CRAB. LyeTx I mnΔK showed considerable antibacterial activity against extensively resistant A. baumannii, with minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations ranging from 1 to 16 µM and 2 to 32 µM, respectively. This peptide significantly increased the release of 260 nm-absorbing intracellular material from CRAB, suggesting bacteriolysis. LyeTx I mnΔK was shown to act synergistically with meropenem and colistin against CRAB. The cytotoxic concentration of LyeTx I mnΔK against Vero cells (CC50 = 55.31 ± 5.00 µM) and its hemolytic activity (HC50 = 77.07 ± 4.00 µM) were considerably low; however, its antibacterial activity was significantly reduced in the presence of human and animal serum and trypsin. Nevertheless, the inhalation of this peptide was effective in reducing pulmonary bacterial load in a mouse model of CRAB infection. Altogether, these results demonstrate that the peptide LyeTx I mnΔK is a potential prototype for the development of new effective and safe antibacterial agents against CRAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Gustavo Lima
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Maria Elena de Lima
- Faculdade Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Senso de Medicina e Biomedicina, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Magna Cristina de Paiva
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Laboratorial e Microbiologia Clínica, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Valbert Nascimento Cardoso
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Simone Odília Antunes Fernandes
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Tang H, Zhang J, Shi K, Aihara H, Du G. Insight into subtilisin E-S7 cleavage pattern based on crystal structure and hydrolysates peptide analysis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 512:623-628. [PMID: 30914195 PMCID: PMC6541920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The X-ray crystallographic structure of the mature form of subtilisin E-S7 (SES7) at 1.90 Å resolution is reported here. Structural comparisons between the previously reported propeptide-subtilisin E complex (1SCJ) and our mature form subtilisin E-S7 (6O44) provide insight into active site adjustments involved in catalysis and specificity. To further investigate the protease substrate selectivity mechanism, we used SES7 to hydrolyze skim milk and analyzed the hydrolysates by LC-MS for peptide identification. The cleavage pattern suggests a high preference for proline at substrate P2 position. The results based on the peptide analysis are consistent with our structural observations, which is instrumental in future protein engineering by rational design. Furthermore, the ACE-inhibitor and NLN-inhibitor activity of the hydrolysates were determined to assess the utility of SES7 for further industrial applications; IC50-ACE = 67 ± 0.92 μg/mL and IC50-NLN = 263 ± 13 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China,School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, Chi
| | - Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China,School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, Chi
| | - Ke Shi
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Hideki Aihara
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Corresponding authors: Hideki Aihara, ., Guocheng Du,
| | - Guocheng Du
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, Chi,The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China,Corresponding authors: Hideki Aihara, ., Guocheng Du,
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Bhandari D, Rafiq S, Gat Y, Gat P, Waghmare R, Kumar V. A Review on Bioactive Peptides: Physiological Functions, Bioavailability and Safety. Int J Pept Res Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09823-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Bamdad F, Shin SH, Suh JW, Nimalaratne C, Sunwoo H. Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Casein Hydrolysate Produced Using High Hydrostatic Pressure Combined with Proteolytic Enzymes. Molecules 2017; 22:E609. [PMID: 28394279 PMCID: PMC6154324 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein-derived peptides are shown to possess radical scavenging and metal chelating properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate novel anti-inflammatory properties of casein hydrolysates (CH) produced by an eco-friendly process that combines high hydrostatic pressure with enzymatic hydrolysis (HHP-EH). Casein was hydrolysed by different proteases, including flavourzyme (Fla), savinase (Sav), thermolysin (Ther), trypsin (Try), and elastase (Ela) at 0.1, 50, 100, and 200 MPa pressure levels under various enzyme-to-substrate ratios and incubation times. Casein hydrolysates were evaluated for the degree of hydrolysis (DH), molecular weight distribution patterns, and anti-inflammatory properties in chemical and cellular models. Hydrolysates produced using HHP-EH exhibited higher DH values and proportions of smaller peptides compared to atmospheric pressure-enzymatic hydrolysis (AP-EH). Among five enzymes, Fla-digested HHP-EH-CH (HHP-Fla-CH) showed significantly higher antioxidant properties than AP-Fla-CH. The anti-inflammatory properties of HHP-Fla-CH were also observed by significantly reduced nitric oxide and by the suppression of the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) revealed that 59% of the amino acids of the peptides in HHP-Fla-CH were composed of proline, valine, and leucine, indicating the potential anti-inflammatory properties. In conclusion, the HHP-EH method provides a promising technology to produce bioactive peptides from casein in an eco-friendly process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Bamdad
- Centre for Pharmacy & Health Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 11361-87 Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
| | - Seulki Hazel Shin
- Centre for Pharmacy & Health Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 11361-87 Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
| | - Joo-Won Suh
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 449-728, Korea.
| | - Chamila Nimalaratne
- Centre for Pharmacy & Health Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 11361-87 Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
| | - Hoon Sunwoo
- Centre for Pharmacy & Health Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 11361-87 Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
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Abd El-Salam MH, El-Shibiny S. Preparation, properties, and uses of enzymatic milk protein hydrolysates. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:1119-1132. [PMID: 25880259 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.899200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis of milk proteins has been a subject of numerous research studies and patents. The driving force for these studies has been the increased utilization of milk proteins. The industrial uses of milk proteins are based on their unique composition, functionality, and nutritive values. The diversity of milk protein fraction, the large number of proteinases, and controlled hydrolysis conditions used resulted in the preparation of hydrolysates suitable for several purposes. Enzymatic hydrolysis of milk proteins modifies the techno-functional and biofunctional properties of hydrolysates depending on the enzyme(s) and hydrolysis conditions used. Milk protein hydrolysates (MPH) are used commonly in normal and clinical nutrition and as a functional food ingredient. In the present review, emphasis has been made to highlight methods applied for the preparation of MPH, and the functional properties and utilization of the obtained hydrolysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Abd El-Salam
- a Dairy Department , National Research Centre , Dokki, Cairo , Egypt
| | - S El-Shibiny
- a Dairy Department , National Research Centre , Dokki, Cairo , Egypt
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Wang Q, Li W, He Y, Ren D, Kow F, Song L, Yu X. Novel antioxidative peptides from the protein hydrolysate of oysters (Crassostrea talienwhanensis). Food Chem 2013; 145:991-6. [PMID: 24128574 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidative activity of hydrolysate peptides from oysters (Crassostrea talienwhanensis) was investigated. After hydrolysis with subtilisin, the yields of the peptides that were soluble in trichloroacetic acid (TCA-soluble) and the antioxidant activities of the resulting hydrolysate were determined using an orthogonal design and a hydroxyl radical scavenging reaction. The hydrolysate was fractionated using Sephadex G-15 gel filtration chromatography, and the two resulting bioactive peptides were subsequently purified by RP-HPLC with a Kromasil C18 (ODS) column. The amino acid sequences were analyzed by nano-ESI-MS/MS. The critical reaction temperature, pH, hydrolysis time and enzyme-to-substrate (E/S) ratio were determined for the optimum hydrolysis with subtilisin, and the E/S ratio was found to be the most critical reaction condition. The amino acid sequences of the peptides (518 and 440 Da) were proline-valine-methionine-glycine-aspartic acid (PVMGA) and glutamine-histidine-glycine-valine (QHGV), respectively. These two novel peptides exhibited high antioxidative actions based on their hydroxyl and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiukuan Wang
- Marine Bioproducts Engineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, PR China
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Silvestre MP, Afonso WO, Lopes Junior CO, Silva VD, Souza MW, R. Silva M. Effect of Some Hydrolytic Parameters in the Action of Subtilisin and Pancreatin on Whey Protein Concentrate. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2013. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2012-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn this work, the influence of some reactional parameters in the hydrolysis of whey protein concentrate (WPC) was evaluated, in terms of the nutritional quality of peptide profiles of the hydrolysates as well as the reduction of costs for scaling-up the process. Two enzymes (subtilisin and pancreatin) were used for preparing 18 hydrolysates, using different E:S ratios and reaction times, and the distribution of peptides according to chain length was analyzed by size-exclusion chromatography. The studied parameters affected the peptide profiles of WPC hydrolysates and the best result was similar for subtilisin and pancreatin, both using an E:S ratio of 4:100, after 5 h and 10 h, respectively. In these conditions, these enzymes gave rise to the smallest large peptide contents (12.28% and 12.34%, respectively) and one of the highest amount of di- and tripeptides (13.34% and 13.00%, respectively) as well as of free amino acids (45.56% and 47.26%, respectively). However, in terms of number of samples the action of pancreatin was more advantageous than subtilisin, since among the nine hydrolysates, four showed appropriate peptide profiles (P1, P2, P5, and P6), from the nutritional point of view, while the same happened only with one hydrolysate prepared by using subtilisin (S3). Also, the economical advantage of using smaller E:S ratio and reaction time was observed in several cases for both enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mauro R. Silva
- 2Edetec Indústria Alimentícia S/A, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Silvestre MPC, da Silva MC, de Souza MWS, Silva VDM, de Aguiar MJB, Silva MR. Hydrolysis degree, peptide profile and phenylalanine removal from whey protein concentrate hydrolysates obtained by various proteases. Int J Food Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maitê C. da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG); Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627; Belo Horizonte; Minas Gerais; Brazil
| | - Mariana W. S. de Souza
- EDETEC Indústria Alimentícia S/A; Av. José Cândido da Silveira, 2100 sala 24; Belo Horizonte; Minas Gerais; Brazil
| | - Viviane D. M. Silva
- EDETEC Indústria Alimentícia S/A; Av. José Cândido da Silveira, 2100 sala 24; Belo Horizonte; Minas Gerais; Brazil
| | - Marcos J. B. de Aguiar
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG); Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627; Belo Horizonte; Minas Gerais; Brazil
| | - Mauro R. Silva
- EDETEC Indústria Alimentícia S/A; Av. José Cândido da Silveira, 2100 sala 24; Belo Horizonte; Minas Gerais; Brazil
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Leksrisompong P, Gerard P, Lopetcharat K, Drake M. Bitter Taste Inhibiting Agents for Whey Protein Hydrolysate and Whey Protein Hydrolysate Beverages. J Food Sci 2012; 77:S282-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02800.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Silvestre MP, Silva MC, Silva VD, Silva MR, Amorin LL. WPC Hydrolysates Obtained by the Action of a Pancreatin: Preparation, Analysis and Phenylalanine Removal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ajsr.2011.302.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Cheung IW, Li-Chan EC. Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity and bitterness of enzymatically-produced hydrolysates of shrimp (Pandalopsis dispar) processing byproducts investigated by Taguchi design. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Woo SH, Jhoo JW, Kim GY. Antioxidant Activity of Low Molecular Peptides Derived from Milk Protein. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2009. [DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2009.29.5.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Souza MWS, Biasutti EAR, Carreira RL, Afonso WDO, Silva VDM, Silvestre MPC. Obtaining Oligopeptides from Whey: Use of Subtilisin and Pancreatin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3923/ajft.2008.315.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Cheison SC, Wang Z, Xu SY. Use of macroporous adsorption resin for simultaneous desalting and debittering of whey protein hydrolysates. Int J Food Sci Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.01461.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cheison SC, Wang Z, Xu SY. Multivariate strategy in screening of enzymes to be used for whey protein hydrolysis in an enzymatic membrane reactor. Int Dairy J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2006.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Del Lama Soares R, Capobiango M, Rolim Biasutti EA, Pinto Coelho Silvestre M. Enzyme-catalyzed Production of Oligopeptides from Skim Milk. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/08905430701191148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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MORAIS HARRIMANALEY, DA SILVA BARBOSA CRISTIANEMÁRCIA, DELVIVO FERNANDAMENEGHELLO, MANSUR HERMANSANDER, CRISTINA DE OLIVEIRA MÔNICA, SILVESTRE MARIALICEPINTOCOELHO. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MICROENCAPSULATION OF CASEIN HYDROLYSATES IN LIPOSPHERES AND LIPOSOMES. J Food Biochem 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2004.tb00053.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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