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Chen S, Zou Y, Song C, Cao K, Cai K, Wu Y, Zhang Z, Geng D, Sun W, Ouyang N, Zhang N, Li Z, Sun G, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Zhang Y. The role of glycolytic metabolic pathways in cardiovascular disease and potential therapeutic approaches. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:48. [PMID: 37938421 PMCID: PMC10632287 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01018-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major threat to human health, accounting for 46% of non-communicable disease deaths. Glycolysis is a conserved and rigorous biological process that breaks down glucose into pyruvate, and its primary function is to provide the body with the energy and intermediate products needed for life activities. The non-glycolytic actions of enzymes associated with the glycolytic pathway have long been found to be associated with the development of CVD, typically exemplified by metabolic remodeling in heart failure, which is a condition in which the heart exhibits a rapid adaptive response to hypoxic and hypoxic conditions, occurring early in the course of heart failure. It is mainly characterized by a decrease in oxidative phosphorylation and a rise in the glycolytic pathway, and the rise in glycolysis is considered a hallmark of metabolic remodeling. In addition to this, the glycolytic metabolic pathway is the main source of energy for cardiomyocytes during ischemia-reperfusion. Not only that, the auxiliary pathways of glycolysis, such as the polyol pathway, hexosamine pathway, and pentose phosphate pathway, are also closely related to CVD. Therefore, targeting glycolysis is very attractive for therapeutic intervention in CVD. However, the relationship between glycolytic pathway and CVD is very complex, and some preclinical studies have confirmed that targeting glycolysis does have a certain degree of efficacy, but its specific role in the development of CVD has yet to be explored. This article aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding the glycolytic pathway and its key enzymes (including hexokinase (HK), phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK1), aldolase (Aldolase), phosphoglycerate metatase (PGAM), enolase (ENO) pyruvate kinase (PKM) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)) for their role in cardiovascular diseases (e.g., heart failure, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis) and possible emerging therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanming Zou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Song
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjiao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaobo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Danxi Geng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Nanxiang Ouyang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Naijin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine, China Medical University, National Health Commission, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guozhe Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yixiao Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
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Bertrand A, Ngô-Muller V, Hentzen D, Concordet JP, Daegelen D, Tuil D. Muscle electrotransfer as a tool for studying muscle fiber-specific and nerve-dependent activity of promoters. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2003; 285:C1071-81. [PMID: 12839830 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00104.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Muscle electrotransfer has recently become a promising tool for efficient delivery of plasmids and transgene expression in skeletal muscle. This technology has been mainly applied to use of muscle as a bioreactor for production of therapeutic proteins. However, it remains to be determined whether muscle electrotransfer may also be accurately used as an alternative tool to transgenesis for studying aspects of muscle-specific gene control that must be explored in fully mature muscle fibers in vivo, such as fiber specificity and nerve dependence. It was also not known to what extent the initial electrical stimulations alter muscle physiology and gene expression. Therefore, optimized conditions of skeletal muscle electroporation were first tested for their effects on muscles of transgenic mice harboring a pM310-CAT transgene in which the CAT reporter gene was under control of the fast IIB fiber-specific and nerve-dependent aldolase A pM promoter. Surprisingly, electrostimulation led to a drastic but transient shutdown of pM310-CAT transgene expression concomitant with very transient activation of MyoD and, mostly, with activation of myogenin, suggesting profound alterations in transcriptional status of the electroporated muscle. Return to a normal transcriptional state was observed 7-10 days after electroporation. Therefore, we investigated whether a reporter construct placed under control of pM could exhibit fiber-specific expression 10 days after electrotransfer in either fast tibialis anterior or slow soleus muscle. We show that not only fiber specificity, but also nerve dependence, of a pM-driven construct can be reproduced. However, after electrotransfer, pM displayed a less tight control than previously observed for the same promoter when integrated in a chromatin context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bertrand
- INSERM U567, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Institut Cochin, Université René Descartes Paris V, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
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Spitz F, Benbacer L, Sabourin JC, Salminen M, Chen F, Cywiner C, Kahn A, Chatelet F, Maire P, Daegelen D. Fiber-type specific and position-dependent expression of a transgene in limb muscles. Differentiation 2002; 70:457-67. [PMID: 12366383 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-0436.2002.700808.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that the proximal sequences of the human aldolase A fast-muscle-specific promoter (pM) are sufficient to target the expression of a linked CAT reporter gene to all fast, glycolytic trunk and limb muscles of transgenic mice (pM310CAT lines) in a manner mimicking the activity of the endogenous mouse promoter. When a NF1-binding site (motif M2) in this proximal regulatory region is mutated, the activity of the corresponding mM2 transgene is strongly affected but only in a some fast muscles. Here we show that the mutation of the M2 motif has only mild effects on pM activity in axial and proximal limb, while it drastically reduces this activity in both fore and hind limb distal muscles. At the cellular level, we show that both the pM310CAT and mM2 transgenes are highly expressed in fast glycolytic 2B fibers. However, by contrast to the pM310CAT transgene, whose expression is mainly restricted to fast glycolytic 2B fibers, the mM2 transgene is also active in a high proportion of 2X fibers. This result suggests that the M2 sequence could play a role in restricting the expression of pM to the 2B fibers. The variable expression of the mM2 transgene along the limb axis already exists at post-natal day 10 and seems to result from a change in the proportion of expressing fast fibers per muscle. Altogether, these results suggest that, although considered as phenotypically similar, different populations of fast glycolytic fibers exist, in which the requirement of the NF1 activity for pM expression varies according to the proximal versus distal position of the muscle along the limb axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Spitz
- INSERM U567, CNRS UMR 8104, Institut Cochin; Department Génétique, Développement et Pathologie Moléculaire, Universiteé René Descartes Paris V, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris
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