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Makrinich M, Nimerovsky E, Goldbourt A. Pushing the limit of NMR-based distance measurements - retrieving dipolar couplings to spins with extensively large quadrupolar frequencies. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2018; 92:19-24. [PMID: 29751342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dipolar recoupling under magic-angle spinning allows to measure accurate inter-nuclear distances provided that the two interacting spins can be efficiently and uniformly excited. Alexander (Lex) Vega has shown that adiabatic transfers of populations in quadrupolar spins during the application of constant-wave (cw) radio-frequency pulses lead to efficient and quantifiable dipolar recoupling curves. Accurate distance determination within and beyond the adiabatic regime using cw pulses is limited by the size of the quadrupolar coupling constant. Here we show that using the approach of long-pulse phase modulation, dipolar recoupling and accurate distances can be obtained for nuclei having extensively large quadrupolar frequencies of 5-10 MHz. We demonstrate such results by obtaining a 31P-79/81Br distance in a compound for which bromine-79 (spin-3/2) has a quadrupolar coupling constant of 11.3 MHz, and a 13C-209Bi distance where the bismuth (spin-9/2) has a quadrupolar coupling constant of 256 MHz, equaling a quadrupolar frequency of 10.7 MHz. For Bromine, we demonstrate that an analytical curve based on the assumption of complete spin saturation fits the data. In the case of bismuth acetate, a C-Bi3 spin system must be used in order to match the correct saturation recoupling curve, and results are in agreement with the crystallographic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Makrinich
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - E Nimerovsky
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - A Goldbourt
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
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Nimerovsky E, Makrinich M, Goldbourt A. Analysis of large-anisotropy-spin recoupling pulses for distance measurement under magic-angle spinning NMR shows the superiority and robustness of a phase modulated saturation pulse. J Chem Phys 2018; 146:124202. [PMID: 28388136 DOI: 10.1063/1.4978472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The distance between a spin one-half and an attached spin possessing a large anisotropy can be obtained using different dipolar recoupling sequences that are based on the rotational-echo double resonance technique under magic-angle spinning solid-state NMR. The general difference between these sequences with respect to the coupled spin is the set of pulses applied in order to drive this spin out of equilibrium, thereby recoupling the dipolar interaction. Since complete inversion is practically not possible due to the coupled-spin anisotropy, using one or another pulse depends on the experimental and spin conditions: the spinning speed, the strength of the radio frequency field, the size of the anisotropic interaction (quadrupolar or chemical shiftanisotropy couplings), the offset, and the accuracy of setting the magic angle. Here we present a detailed description of the behavior of the anisotropic spin magnetization, including the macroscopic level transition probabilities, the degree of inversion, and the microscopic and macroscopic magnetizations during the applications of these pulses under different experimental conditions. As simulations show, a complete randomization of spin populations under a wide range of experimental conditions occurs under a specific phase modulation of the recoupling pulse while for all other cases dependence on experimental conditions is large and the achievable bandwidth is limited. A result of this detailed analysis is that the extension of the phase modulated pulse extends even further its robustness. The saturation capability is demonstrated experimentally for the quadrupolar spin of boron-11 in 4-methoxyphenylboronic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nimerovsky
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - M Makrinich
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A Goldbourt
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Nimerovsky E, Haimovich A, Goldbourt A. An optimal double-magic flip angle for performing the distance measurement REDOR experiment on a spin S=1. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2015; 72:127-131. [PMID: 26358981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Distance measurements between a half-spin and a quadrupolar S=1 spin having a small quadrupolar coupling constant can be performed using the rotational echo double resonance (REDOR) experiment. We derived an analytical expression for the probability of transitions between energy levels resulting from the application of an arbitrary pulse flip angle to the quadrupolar spin and consequently minimized the probability that populations of individual levels do not undergo a spin transition during the pulse. As a result we discovered that if the flip angle of the quadrupolar spin pulse is 109.47°, the maximal recoupling values are the largest possible and the signal reaches a maximum value of 8/9, larger than in the use of either a 90° pulse or a 180° pulse. In addition, the slope of the initial decay is higher than that of the 90° pulse. The recoupling signal can be modeled by an exact analytical formula in the ideal case and simulations show that the advantage of the 109.47° pulse is preserved when the quadrupolar coupling constant CQ has a finite value typical of (2)H and (6)Li spins (up to CQ~200kHz). Experimental results on two spin pairs, (2)H-(13)C and (6)Li-(13)C, demonstrate the validity and accuracy of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nimerovsky
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A Haimovich
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A Goldbourt
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Nimerovsky E, Gupta R, Yehl J, Li M, Polenova T, Goldbourt A. Phase-modulated LA-REDOR: a robust, accurate and efficient solid-state NMR technique for distance measurements between a spin-1/2 and a quadrupole spin. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2014; 244:107-113. [PMID: 24745816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Distances between a spin-1/2 and a spin>1/2 can be efficiently measured by a variety of magic-angle spinning solid state NMR methods such as Rotational Echo Adiabatic Passage Double Resonance (REAPDOR), Low-Alpha/Low-Amplitude REDOR (LA-REDOR) and Rotational-Echo Saturation-Pulse Double-Resonance (R/S-RESPDOR). In this manuscript we show that the incorporation of a phase modulation into a long quadrupolar recoupling pulse, lasting 10 rotor periods that are sandwiched between rotor-synchronized pairs of dipolar recoupling π pulses, extends significantly the range of the values of the quadrupole moments that can be accessed by the experiment. We show by a combination of simulations and experiments that the new method, phase-modulated LA-REDOR, is very weakly dependent on the actual value of the radio-frequency field, and is highly robust with respect to off-resonance irradiation. The experimental results can be fitted by numerical simulations or using a universal formula corresponding to an equal-transition-probability model. Phase-modulated LA-REDOR (13)C{(11)B} and (15)N{(51)V} dipolar recoupling experiments confirm the accuracy and applicability of this new method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Nimerovsky
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Rupal Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Jenna Yehl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Mingyue Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Tatyana Polenova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Amir Goldbourt
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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Goldbourt A. Distance Measurements to Metal Ions and Other Quadrupolar Spins by Magic Angle Spinning Solid State NMR. Isr J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201300108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Shir IB, Kababya S, Schmidt A. Molecular-Level StructureProperty Relationships in Biogenic Calcium Carbonates: The Unique Insights of Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. Isr J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201300121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Luthra SA, Utz M, Gorman EM, Pikal MJ, Munson EJ, Lubach JW. Carbon–Deuterium Rotational-Echo Double-Resonance NMR Spectroscopy of Lyophilized Aspartame Formulations. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:283-90. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Magnetic interactions of (μ-pyrazolato)-bridged copper(II) complexes determined by solid-state MAS NMR. Polyhedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2005.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Grage SL, Watts JA, Watts A. 2H[19F] REDOR for distance measurements in biological solids using a double resonance spectrometer. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2004; 166:1-10. [PMID: 14675813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2003.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A new approach for distance measurements in biological solids employing 2H[19F] rotational echo double resonance was developed and validated on 2H,19F-D-alanine and an imidazopyridine based inhibitor of the gastric H+/K+-ATPase. The 2H-19F double resonance experiments presented here were performed without 1H decoupling using a double resonance NMR spectrometer. In this way, it was possible to benefit from the relatively longer distance range of fluorine without the need of specialized fluorine equipment. A distance of 2.5 +/- 0.3 A was measured in the alanine derivative, indicating a gauche conformation of the two labels. In the case of the imidazopyridine compound a lower distance limit of 5.2 A was determined and is in agreement with an extended conformation of the inhibitor. Several REDOR variants were compared, and their advantages and limitations discussed. Composite fluorine dephasing pulses were found to enhance the frequency bandwidth significantly, and to reduce the dependence of the performance of the experiment on the exact choice of the transmitter frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan L Grage
- Biomembrane Structure Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3QU, Oxford, UK
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O'Connor RD, Poliks B, Bolton DH, Goetz JM, Byers JA, Wooley KL, Schaefer J. Chain Packing in Linear Phenol−Polycarbonate by 13C{2H} REDOR. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma010919i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, and Department of Physics, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902
| | - Barbara Poliks
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, and Department of Physics, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902
| | - Daniel H. Bolton
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, and Department of Physics, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902
| | - Jon M. Goetz
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, and Department of Physics, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902
| | - Jeffery A. Byers
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, and Department of Physics, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, and Department of Physics, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902
| | - Jacob Schaefer
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, and Department of Physics, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902
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Sack I, Balazs YS, Rahimipour S, Vega S. Peptide torsion angle measurements: effects of nondilute spin pairs on carbon-observed, deuterium-dephased PM5-REDOR. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2001; 148:104-114. [PMID: 11133282 DOI: 10.1006/jmre.2000.2214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Reintroducing dipolar coupling between spin-1/2 nuclei (e.g., (13)C, (15)N) and spin-1 (2)H, using phase-modulated deuterium dephasing pulses, provides a simple and efficient basis for obtaining peptide backbone torsion angles (phi, psi) in specific stable-isotope enriched samples. Multiple homonuclear spin-1/2 interactions due to isotopic enrichment can arise between neighboring molecules or within a multiply labeled protein after folding. The consequences of (13)C homonuclear interactions present during (13)C-observed, (2)H-dephased REDOR measurements are explored and the theoretical basis of the experimentally observed effects is investigated. Two tripeptides are taken to represent both the general case of (2)H(alpha)-alanine (in the tripeptide LAF) and the special case of (2)H(alpha)(2)-glycine (in the tripeptide LGF). The lyophilized tripeptides exhibit narrowed spectral linewidths over time due to reduced conformational dispersion. This is due to a hydration process whereby a small fraction of peptides is reorienting and the bulk peptide fraction undergoes a conformational change. The new molecular packing arrangement lacks homonuclear (13)C spin interactions, allowing determination of (phi, psi) backbone torsion angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sack
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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Sack I, Balazs YS, Rahimipour S, Vega S. Solid-State NMR Determination of Peptide Torsion Angles: Applications of 2H-Dephased REDOR. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja000489w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingolf Sack
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemical Physics and Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yael S. Balazs
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemical Physics and Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Shai Rahimipour
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemical Physics and Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Shimon Vega
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemical Physics and Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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