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Wouters B, Miggiels P, Bezemer R, van der Cruijsen EA, van Leeuwen E, Gauvin J, Houben K, Babu Sai Sankar Gupta K, Zuijdwijk P, Harms A, Carvalho de Souza A, Hankemeier T. Automated Segmented-Flow Analysis – NMR with a Novel Fluoropolymer Flow Cell for High-Throughput Screening. Anal Chem 2022; 94:15350-15358. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bert Wouters
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CCLeiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Miggiels
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CCLeiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Bezemer
- DSM Biotechnology Center, Alexander Fleminglaan 1, 2613 AXDelft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Erik van Leeuwen
- DSM Biotechnology Center, Alexander Fleminglaan 1, 2613 AXDelft, The Netherlands
| | - John Gauvin
- DSM Biotechnology Center, Alexander Fleminglaan 1, 2613 AXDelft, The Netherlands
| | - Klaartje Houben
- DSM Biotechnology Center, Alexander Fleminglaan 1, 2613 AXDelft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Paul Zuijdwijk
- DSM Biotechnology Center, Alexander Fleminglaan 1, 2613 AXDelft, The Netherlands
| | - Amy Harms
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CCLeiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CCLeiden, The Netherlands
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Kupče Ē, Frydman L, Webb AG, Yong JRJ, Claridge TDW. Parallel nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s43586-021-00024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Aguiar PM, Jacquinot JF, Sakellariou D. Experimental and numerical examination of eddy (Foucault) currents in rotating micro-coils: Generation of heat and its impact on sample temperature. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2009; 200:6-14. [PMID: 19541518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2009.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Revised: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to systems of limited quantity has stimulated the use of micro-coils (diameter <1mm). One method recently proposed for the union of micro-coils with Magic Angle sample Spinning (MAS), involves the integration of a tuned micro-coil circuit within standard MAS rotors inductively coupled to the MAS probe coil, termed "magic-angle coil spinning" (MACS). The spinning of conductive materials results in the creation of circulating Foucault (eddy) currents, which generate heat. We report the first data acquired with a 4mm MACS system and spinning up to 10kHz. The need to spin faster necessitates improved methods to control heating. We propose an approximate solution to calculate the power losses (heat) from the eddy currents for a solenoidal coil, in order to provide insight into the functional dependencies of Foucault currents. Experimental tests of the dependencies reveal conditions which result in reduced sample heating and negligible temperature distributions over the sample volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M Aguiar
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, IRAMIS, Service Interdisciplinaire sur les Systèmes Moléculaires et les Matériaux, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Bergeron SJ, Henry ID, Santini RE, Aghdasi A, Raftery D. Saturation transfer double-difference NMR spectroscopy using a dual solenoid microcoil difference probe. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2008; 46:925-9. [PMID: 18615852 PMCID: PMC5441454 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
An experiment designed to collect a saturation transfer double difference (STDD) NMR spectrum using a solenoid microcoil NMR difference probe is reported. STDD-NMR allows the investigation of ligand-biomolecule binding, with moderate concentration requirements for unlabeled molecular targets and the ability to discern binding events in the presence of non-binding ligands. The NMR difference probe acquires the signals from two different samples at once, and cancels common signals automatically through a mechanism of switching between parallel excitation and serial acquisition of the sample signals. STDD spectra were acquired on a system consisting of human serum albumin and two ligands, octanoic acid and glucose. The non-binding ligand, glucose, was cancelled internally through phase cycling, while the protein signal was subtracted automatically by the difference probe. The proton NMR resonance signal from octanoic acid remained in the double difference spectrum. This work demonstrates that the double difference can be performed both internally and automatically through the utilization of the solenoid microcoil NMR difference probe and STDD-NMR pulse sequence, resulting in a clean signal from the binding ligand with good protein background subtraction and an overall favorable result when compared to the conventional approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J. Bergeron
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ian D. Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Robert E. Santini
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Abdollah Aghdasi
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Marquardsen T, Hofmann M, Hollander JG, Loch CMP, Kiihne SR, Engelke F, Siegal G. Development of a dual cell, flow-injection sample holder, and NMR probe for comparative ligand-binding studies. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2006; 182:55-65. [PMID: 16814582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2006.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2006] [Revised: 05/04/2006] [Accepted: 05/15/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
NMR based ligand screening is becoming increasingly important for the very early stages of drug discovery. We have proposed a method that makes highly efficient use of a single sample of a scarce target, or one with poor or limited solubility, to screen an entire compound library. This comparative method is based on immobilizing the target for the screening procedure. In order to support the method, a dual cell, flow injection probe with a single receiver coil has been constructed. The flow injection probe has been mated to a single high performance pump and sample handling system to enable the automated analysis of large numbers of compound mixes for binding to the target. The probe, having an 8 mm 1H/2H dual tuned coil and triple axis gradients, is easily shimmed and yields NMR spectra of comparable quality to a standard 5 mm high-resolution probe. The lineshape in the presence of a solid support is identical to that in glass NMR tubes in a 5 mm probe. Control spectra of each cell are identical and well separated, while ligand binding in a complex mixture can be readily detected in 20-30 min, thus paving the way for use of the probe for actual drug discovery efforts.
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Murali N, Miller WM, John BK, Avizonis DA, Smallcombe SH. Spectral unraveling by space-selective Hadamard spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2006; 179:182-9. [PMID: 16364668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2005.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2005] [Revised: 11/29/2005] [Accepted: 11/29/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Spectral unraveling by space-selective Hadamard spectroscopy (SUSHY) enables recording of NMR spectra of multiple samples loaded in multiple sample tubes in a modified spinner turbine and a regular 5mm liquids NMR probe equipped with a tri-axis pulsed field gradient coil. The individual spectrum from each sample is extracted by adding and subtracting data that are simultaneously obtained from all the tubes based on the principles of spatially resolved Hadamard spectroscopy. The well-known Hadamard spectroscopy has been applied for spatial selection and the method utilizes standard configuration of NMR instrument hardware. The SUSHY method can be easily incorporated in multi-dimensional multi-tube NMR experiments. This method combines the excitation multiplexing, natural advantage of FTNMR, and sample multiplexing and offers high-throughput by reducing the total experimental time by up to a factor of four in a 4-tube mode.
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Toups EP, Gray MJ, Dennis GR, Reddy N, Wilson MA, Shalliker RA. Multidimensional liquid chromatography for sample characterisation. J Sep Sci 2006; 29:481-91. [PMID: 16583686 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200500348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
While LC finds enormously widespread use in almost all areas of chemical science, the technique is limited as a means of identification because compounds do not elute with unique retention times. This limitation spurred the growth of hyphenated instrumental methods of analysis, such as LC-MS/MS, which because of the MS/ MS detection became a method of identification. However, techniques like LC-MS/ MS are specialised and require high initial purchase and running costs, inhibiting the more widespread growth of the technique. In an attempt to increase the separation power of LC, multi-dimensional LC was developed. This expanded the separation space and subsequently has allowed the development of methods with fingerprinting ability due to the lower probability of component overlap. The work in this study illustrates the application of 2-D LC as a means of chemical fingerprinting. We employed a sample base of various low molecular weight oligostyrenes and their diastereomers that represent a population of compounds whose selectivities in a one-dimensional separation are almost unity and hence essentially impossible to separate. Yet in a 2-D domain almost all individual components occupy unique 2-D retention times.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Peter Toups
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group, University of Western Sydney, Parramatta, NSW, Australia
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Webb AG. Microcoil nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 38:892-903. [PMID: 16087050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2004] [Revised: 01/15/2005] [Accepted: 01/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In comparison with most analytical chemistry techniques, nuclear magnetic resonance has an intrinsically low sensitivity, and many potential applications are therefore precluded by the limited available quantity of certain types of sample. In recent years, there has been a trend, both commercial and academic, towards miniaturization of the receiver coil in order to increase the mass sensitivity of NMR measurements. These small coils have also proved very useful in coupling NMR detection with commonly used microseparation techniques. A further development enabled by small detectors is parallel data acquisition from many samples simultaneously, made possible by incorporating multiple receiver coils into a single NMR probehead. This review article summarizes recent developments and applications of "microcoil" NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Webb
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 4221 Beckman Institute, 405 N. Mathews, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Wang H, Ciobanu L, Webb A. Reduced data acquisition time in multi-dimensional NMR spectroscopy using multiple-coil probes. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2005; 173:134-139. [PMID: 15705521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2004.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2004] [Revised: 11/18/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A new hardware-based approach is presented to reduce data acquisition times in multi-dimensional NMR spectroscopy using a multiple-coil probe. Using a four-coil setup, two-dimensional COSY and TOCSY spectra were acquired in one-quarter the time of conventional spectra by simultaneous acquisition of different effective t1 evolution times for each coil. Data processing consists of simple phase-shifting and intensity normalization of the individual data sets, and results in spectra almost identical to those acquired in a conventional manner. This method can potentially be integrated with other new data acquisition and processing schemes for further increases in data acquisition speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Wang H, Ciobanu L, Edison AS, Webb AG. An eight-coil high-frequency probehead design for high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2004; 170:206-212. [PMID: 15388082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2004.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2004] [Revised: 06/29/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In order to increase the throughput of high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy a multiple-coil probe, which enables the simultaneous analysis of eight different samples, was designed. The probe, consisting of eight identical solenoidal coils, was constructed for operation at 600 MHz. By using four receivers and radiofrequency switches, spectra from eight different chemical solutions were acquired in the time normally required for one. Two-dimensional COSY, gradient COSY, and TOCSY data have been acquired. Intercoil electrical isolation was between 25 and 45 dB, with signal cross-talk between approximately 1 and 5% measured by NMR. The spectral linewidths for the eight coils were between 3 and 6Hz for a single optimized shim setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Purea A, Neuberger T, Webb A. Simultaneous NMR microimaging of multiple single-cell samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/cmr.b.20015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
Flow NMR techniques are now well accepted and widely used in many areas of drug discovery. Although natural-product-, rational-drug-design-, and NMR-screening-programs have begun to use flow NMR more routinely, flow NMR has not yet gained widespread acceptance in combinatorial chemistry, even though it has been shown to be a potentially useful tool. Recent developments in DI-NMR, FIA-NMR, and LC-NMR will help flow NMR eventually gain a wider acceptance within combinatorial chemistry. These developments include LC-NMR-MS instrumentation, flow probe improvements, new pulse sequences, improved automation of NMR data analysis, and the application of flow NMR to related fields in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Keifer
- University of Nebraska Medical Center/Eppley Institute, 986805 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA.
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