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Sorbelli D, De Santis M, Belanzoni P, Belpassi L. Spectroscopic/Bond Property Relationship in Group 11 Dihydrides via Relativistic Four-Component Methods. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:10565-10579. [PMID: 33327724 PMCID: PMC8016197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c09043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Group 11 dihydrides MH2- (M = Cu, Ag, Au, Rg) have been much less studied than the corresponding MH compounds, despite having potentially several interesting applications in chemical research. In this work, their main spectroscopic constants (bond lengths, dissociation energies, and force constants) have been evaluated by means of highly accurate relativistic four-component coupled cluster (4c-CCSD(T)) calculations in combination with large basis sets. Periodic trends have been quantitatively explained by the charge-displacement/natural orbitals for chemical valence (CD-NOCV) analysis based on the four-component relativistic Dirac-Kohn-Sham method, which allows a consistent picture of the nature of the M-H bond to be obtained on going down the periodic table in terms of Dewar-Chatt-Duncanson bonding components. A strong ligand-to-metal donation drives the M-H bond and it is responsible for the heterolytic (HM···H-) dissociation energies to increase monotonically from Cu to Rg, with RgH2- showing the strongest and most covalent M-H bond. The "V"-shaped trend observed for the bond lengths, dissociation energies, and stretching frequencies can be explained in terms of relativistic effects and, in particular, of the relativistically enhanced sd hybridization occurring at the metal, which affects the metal-ligand distances in heavy transition-metal complexes. The sd hybridization is very small for Cu and Ag, whereas it becomes increasingly important for Au and Rg, being responsible for the increasing covalent character of the bond, the sizable contraction of the Au-H and Rg-H bonds, and the observed trend. This work rationalizes the spectroscopic/bond property relationship in group 11 dihydrides within highly accurate relativistic quantum chemistry methods, paving the way for their applications in chemical bond investigations involving heavy and superheavy elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sorbelli
- Department
of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Matteo De Santis
- Department
of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- CNR
Institute of Chemical Science and Technologies “Giulio Natta”
(CNR-SCITEC), c/o Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paola Belanzoni
- Department
of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- CNR
Institute of Chemical Science and Technologies “Giulio Natta”
(CNR-SCITEC), c/o Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Consortium
for Computational Molecular and Materials Sciences (CMS)2, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- CNR
Institute of Chemical Science and Technologies “Giulio Natta”
(CNR-SCITEC), c/o Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Consortium
for Computational Molecular and Materials Sciences (CMS)2, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Xie H, Li X, Zhao L, Liu Z, Qin Z, Wu X, Tang Z, Xing X. Vibrationally Resolved Photoelectron Imaging of Cu2H– and AgCuH– and Theoretical Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:1706-11. [DOI: 10.1021/jp310809k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xie
- State Key
Laboratory of Molecular
Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- College of Materials Science
and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- College of Materials Science
and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiling Liu
- State Key
Laboratory of Molecular
Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhengbo Qin
- State Key
Laboratory of Molecular
Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xia Wu
- State Key
Laboratory of Molecular
Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zichao Tang
- State Key
Laboratory of Molecular
Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaopeng Xing
- College of Materials Science
and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Okabayashi T, Okabayashi EY, Tanimoto M, Furuya T, Saito S. Rotational spectroscopy of AuH and AuD in the 1Σ+ electronic ground state. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Le Roy RJ, Appadoo DRT, Anderson K, Shayesteh A, Gordon IE, Bernath PF. Direct-potential-fit analysis of new infrared and UV/visible AΣ+1-XΣ+1 emission spectra of AgH and AgD. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:204304. [PMID: 16351253 DOI: 10.1063/1.2064947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
New high-resolution infrared and UV/visible spectra of (107)AgH, (109)AgH, (107)AgD, and (109)AgD have been recorded with a Fourier transform spectrometer. The new line positions are combined with published microwave and older electronic A (1)Sigma(+)-X (1)Sigma(+) data and used, first in a decoupled analysis of the X state alone, and then in a global multi-isotopologue analysis which yields comprehensive descriptions of both the X (1)Sigma(+) and A (1)Sigma(+) states of all four isotopologues of AgH. While the A state was long believed to be heavily perturbed, it is shown that its irregular spectrum merely reflects an unusual potential function shape. A direct fit of all data to appropriate radial Hamiltonians yields analytic potential-energy functions and Born-Oppenheimer breakdown radial functions for the ground X (1)Sigma(+) and A (1)Sigma(+) states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Le Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Okabayashi T, Nakaoka Y, Yamazaki E, Tanimoto M. Millimeter- and submillimeter-wave spectroscopy of AuF in the ground state. Chem Phys Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(02)01586-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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