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de Souza PE, Gonçalves BDSB, Souza-Silva M, Ferreira RL. Divergent patterns of locomotor activity in cave isopods (Oniscidea: Styloniscidae) in Neotropics. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:1199-1216. [PMID: 39158061 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2391865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
In cave environments, stable conditions devoid of light-dark cycles and temperature fluctuations sustain circadian clock mechanisms across various species. However, species adapted to these conditions may exhibit disruption of circadian rhythm in locomotor activity. This study examines potential rhythm loss due to convergent evolution in five semi-aquatic troglobitic isopod species (Crustacea: Styloniscidae), focusing on its impact on locomotor activity. The hypothesis posits that these species display aperiodic locomotor activity patterns. Isopods were subjected to three treatments: constant red light (DD), constant light (LL), and light-dark cycles (LD 12:12), totaling 1656 h. Circadian rhythm analysis employed the Sokolove and Bushell periodogram chi-square test, Hurst coefficient calculation, intermediate stability (IS), and activity differences for each species. Predominantly, all species exhibited an infradian rhythm under DD and LL. There was synchronization of the locomotor rhythm in LD, likely as a result of masking. Three species displayed diurnal activity, while two exhibited nocturnal activity. The Hurst coefficient indicated rhythmic persistence, with LD showing higher variability. LD conditions demonstrated higher IS values, suggesting synchronized rhythms across species. Significant individual variations were observed within species across the three conditions. Contrary to the hypothesis, all species exhibited synchronization under light-dark conditions. Analyzing circadian activity provides insights into organism adaptation to non-cyclical environments, emphasizing the importance of exploring underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Emanuela de Souza
- Center of Studies on Subterranean Biology, Department of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Applied Ecology, Department of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | | | - Marconi Souza-Silva
- Center of Studies on Subterranean Biology, Department of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Applied Ecology, Department of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Lopes Ferreira
- Center of Studies on Subterranean Biology, Department of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Applied Ecology, Department of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
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de Souza PE, Souza-Silva M, Ferreira RL. The ticking clock in the dark: Review of biological rhythms in cave invertebrates. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:738-756. [PMID: 38722073 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2348010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Circadian clocks, internal mechanisms that generate 24-hour rhythms, play a crucial role in coordinating biological events with day-night cycles. In light-deprived environments such as caves, species, particularly isolated obligatory troglobites, may exhibit evolutionary adaptations in biological rhythms due to light exposure. To explore rhythm expression in these settings, we conducted a comprehensive literature review on invertebrate chronobiology in global subterranean ecosystems, analyzing 44 selected studies out of over 480 identified as of September 2023. These studies revealed significant taxonomic diversity, primarily among terrestrial species like Coleoptera, with research concentrated in the United States, Italy, France, Australia, and Brazil, and a notable gap in African records. Troglobite species displayed a higher incidence of aperiodic behavior, while troglophiles showed a robust association with rhythm expression. Locomotor activity was the most studied aspect (>60%). However, approximately 4% of studies lacked information on periodicity or rhythm asynchrony, and limited research under constant light conditions hindered definitive conclusions. This review underscores the need to expand chronobiological research globally, encompassing diverse geographical regions and taxa, to deepen our understanding of biological rhythms in subterranean species. Such insights are crucial for preserving the resilience of subsurface ecosystems facing threats like climate change and habitat loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marconi Souza-Silva
- Department of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
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Guadanucci JPL, Braga PLM, Sá FDS. Aspects of the activity rhythm and population size of troglophilic mygalomorph spiders ( Trechonasp., Dipluridae) in a quartzite cave in Minas Gerais, Brazil. J NAT HIST 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.946108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Pasquali V, Sbordoni V. High variability in the expression of circadian rhythms in a cave beetle population. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2014.934077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Soriano-Morales S, Caballero-Hernández O, Dávila-Montes M, Morales-Malacara JB, Miranda-Anaya M. Circadian locomotor activity and entrainment by light cycles in cave spiders (Dipluridae and Ctenidae) at the cave Los Riscos, Qro. México. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2013.781330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Friedrich M. Biological Clocks and Visual Systems in Cave-Adapted Animals at the Dawn of Speleogenomics. Integr Comp Biol 2013; 53:50-67. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/ict058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Miyazaki Y, Nisimura T, Numata H. Circannual rhythm in the varied carpet beetle, Anthrenus verbasci. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2012; 199:439-456. [PMID: 22877680 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-59427-3.00025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although circannual rhythms controlling different physiological processes and various aspects of behavior have been reported in numerous organisms, our understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms is still quite limited. We examined the mechanisms controlling the circannual pupation rhythm of the varied carpet beetle, Anthrenus verbasci. This rhythm is self-sustainable, exhibits temperature compensation of the periodicity, and is entrainable to environmental changes. In addition, the circannual phase response curves to a photoperiod pulse display Type 0 or Type 1 resetting, depending on the duration of the pulse. Thus, we infer that this rhythm is derived from a self-sustaining biological oscillator with a period of about a year, that is, a circannual clock, analogous to the circadian clock. Further, a circadian clock appears to mediate photoperiodic time measurement for phase resetting of the circannual clock. Based on these results and previous research performed in other organisms, we discuss the general characteristics of the physiological mechanisms underpinning circannual rhythmicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Miyazaki
- Faculty of Clinical Education, Ashiya University, Hyogo, Japan
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Tully T, Ferrière R. Reproductive flexibility: genetic variation, genetic costs and long-term evolution in a collembola. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3207. [PMID: 18791644 PMCID: PMC2527682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2008] [Accepted: 08/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In a variable yet predictable world, organisms may use environmental cues to make adaptive adjustments to their phenotype. Such phenotypic flexibility is expected commonly to evolve in life history traits, which are closely tied to Darwinian fitness. Yet adaptive life history flexibility remains poorly documented. Here we introduce the collembolan Folsomia candida, a soil-dweller, parthenogenetic (all-female) microarthropod, as a model organism to study the phenotypic expression, genetic variation, fitness consequences and long-term evolution of life history flexibility. We demonstrate that collembola have a remarkable adaptive ability for adjusting their reproductive phenotype: when transferred from harsh to good conditions (in terms of food ration and crowding), a mother can fine-tune the number and the size of her eggs from one clutch to the next. The comparative analysis of eleven clonal populations of worldwide origins reveals (i) genetic variation in mean egg size under both good and bad conditions; (ii) no genetic variation in egg size flexibility, consistent with convergent evolution to a common physiological limit; (iii) genetic variation of both mean reproductive investment and reproductive investment flexibility, associated with a reversal of the genetic correlation between egg size and clutch size between environmental conditions ; (iv) a negative genetic correlation between reproductive investment flexibility and adult lifespan. Phylogenetic reconstruction shows that two life history strategies, called HIFLEX and LOFLEX, evolved early in evolutionary history. HIFLEX includes six of our 11 clones, and is characterized by large mean egg size and reproductive investment, high reproductive investment flexibility, and low adult survival. LOFLEX (the other five clones) has small mean egg size and low reproductive investment, low reproductive investment flexibility, and high adult survival. The divergence of HIFLEX and LOFLEX could represent different adaptations to environments differing in mean quality and variability, or indicate that a genetic polymorphism of reproductive investment reaction norms has evolved under a physiological tradeoff between reproductive investment flexibility and adult lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tully
- Laboratoire Fonctionnement et Evolution des Systèmes Ecologiques, CNRS UMR 7625, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France.
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Oda GA, Bellusci S, Marques MD. Daily rhythms related to distinct social tasks inside an eusocial bee colony. Chronobiol Int 2007; 24:845-58. [PMID: 17994341 DOI: 10.1080/07420520701648341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A bee colony is often compared to a multicellular organism, mainly because of its spatial organization. We propose that a temporal organization of equal importance is also present. To support this view, we studied the reproductive processes of two closely related species of stingless bees. Stingless bees enable observations of daily rhythms that are performed by distinct social classes. The emergent process, POP, is cyclic and consists of the building and provisioning of brood cells by the worker bees and egg-laying by the queen. Colonies were kept in the laboratory under constant conditions with the exit tube opening to the environment; thus, foragers had direct access to environmental cycles. At a later stage of the experiment, the exit tube was closed by a sieve; in this case, bees had their own stock of food, but the environmental LD cycle could still be detected when they were inside the exit tube. Daily POP rhythms were present and showed distinct temporal patterns in each species. A third condition was imposed on one of the species only: the exit tube was closed by a sieve and maintained inside a box that was provided with constant illumination. In this colony, the POP rhythm was perturbed by the destruction of the brood cells. Restoration of POP consisted of a rapid reconstruction of cells followed by a late oviposition in the same day. As different rhythmic patterns were detected, but showed regular timings with respect to one another, an interpretation based upon the concept of an internal temporal order is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele A Oda
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Gutman M, Aviram I, Rabinovitch A. Pseudoreflection from interface between two oscillatory media: extended driver. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2004; 69:016211. [PMID: 14995697 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.69.016211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2003] [Revised: 07/03/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of a reaction-diffusion medium composed of two uniform self-oscillating regions is considered. We analyze the phenomenon of pseudoreflection of waves at the region's interface. The reflected waves show an unusual change of wavelength, amplitude, and period. In contrast to our previous results, here this behavior can be perceived as an action of a spatially extended higher-frequency "driver." Observed also are the interesting phenomena of the appearance of narrow transient zones near the interface and of diffusion-induced bifurcations. Furthermore, the pseudoreflection is shown to be a possible mechanism of spiral and "target" waves generation. The relevance of the obtained results to the dynamics of the cardiac sinus node is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gutman
- Physics Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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Paar V, Pavin N, Rosandić M. Link between truncated fractals and coupled oscillators in biological systems. J Theor Biol 2001; 212:47-56. [PMID: 11527444 DOI: 10.1006/jtbi.2001.2334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This article aims at providing a new theoretical insight into the fundamental question of the origin of truncated fractals in biological systems. It is well known that fractal geometry is one of the characteristics of living organisms. However, contrary to mathematical fractals which are self-similar at all scales, the biological fractals are truncated, i.e. their self-similarity extends at most over a few orders of magnitude of separation. We show that nonlinear coupled oscillators, modeling one of the basic features of biological systems, may generate truncated fractals: a truncated fractal pattern for basin boundaries appears in a simple mathematical model of two coupled nonlinear oscillators with weak dissipation. This fractal pattern can be considered as a particular hidden fractal property. At the level of sufficiently fine precision technique the truncated fractality acts as a simple structure, leading to predictability, but at a lower level of precision it is effectively fractal, limiting the predictability of the long-term behavior of biological systems. We point out to the generic nature of our result.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Paar
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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