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Williams MR, Telli AE, Telli N, Islam DT, Hashsham SA. Direct or DNA Extraction-Free Amplification and Quantification of Foodborne Pathogens. Methods Mol Biol 2025; 2852:3-17. [PMID: 39235733 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4100-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
The use of direct nucleic acid amplification of pathogens from food matrices has the potential to reduce time to results over DNA extraction-based approaches as well as traditional culture-based approaches. Here we describe protocols for assay design and experiments for direct amplification of foodborne pathogens in food sample matrices using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The examples provided include the detection of Escherichia coli in milk samples and Salmonella in pork meat samples. This protocol includes relevant reagents and methods including obtaining target sequences, assay design, sample processing, and amplification. These methods, though used for specific example matrices, could be applied to many other foodborne pathogens and sample types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie R Williams
- School of Engineering & Technology, Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mt Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Arife Ezgi Telli
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Nihat Telli
- Department of Food Technology, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Dar Tafazul Islam
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Syed A Hashsham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Wu B, Hu JS, Li Y. Development of an ultra-sensitive single-tube nested PCR assay for rapid detection of Campylobacter jejuni in ground chicken. Food Microbiol 2022; 106:104052. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Williams MR, Hashsham SA. Direct or DNA Extraction-Free Amplification and Quantification of Foodborne Pathogens. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1918:21-33. [PMID: 30580396 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9000-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The use of direct nucleic acid amplification of pathogens from food matrices has the potential to reduce time to results over DNA extraction-based approaches as well as traditional culture-based approaches. Here we describe protocols for assay design and experiments for direct amplification of foodborne pathogens in food sample matrices using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The examples provided include the detection Escherichia coli in milk samples and Salmonella in pork meat samples. This protocol includes relevant reagents and methods including obtaining target sequences, assay design, sample processing, and amplification. These methods, though used for specific example matrices, could be applied to many other foodborne pathogens and sample types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie R Williams
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Syed A Hashsham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA. .,Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Dipineto L, Gargiulo A, De Luca Bossa LM, Cuomo A, Santaniello A, Sensale M, Francesca Menna L, Fioretti A. Survey of thermotolerantCampylobacterin pheasant (Phasianus colchicus). ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2008.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Dipineto L, Gargiulo A, De Luca Bossa LM, Rinaldi L, Borrelli L, Menna LF, Fioretti A. Prevalence of thermotolerantCampylobacterin pheasants (Phasianus colchicus). Avian Pathol 2008; 37:507-8. [DOI: 10.1080/03079450802356987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico Dipineto
- a Dipartimento di Patologia e Sanità Animale, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria , Università di Napoli Federico II , via F. Delpino, 1, 80137, Napoli , Italy
| | - Antonio Gargiulo
- a Dipartimento di Patologia e Sanità Animale, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria , Università di Napoli Federico II , via F. Delpino, 1, 80137, Napoli , Italy
| | - Luigi M. De Luca Bossa
- a Dipartimento di Patologia e Sanità Animale, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria , Università di Napoli Federico II , via F. Delpino, 1, 80137, Napoli , Italy
| | - Laura Rinaldi
- a Dipartimento di Patologia e Sanità Animale, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria , Università di Napoli Federico II , via F. Delpino, 1, 80137, Napoli , Italy
| | - Luca Borrelli
- a Dipartimento di Patologia e Sanità Animale, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria , Università di Napoli Federico II , via F. Delpino, 1, 80137, Napoli , Italy
| | - Lucia F. Menna
- a Dipartimento di Patologia e Sanità Animale, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria , Università di Napoli Federico II , via F. Delpino, 1, 80137, Napoli , Italy
| | - Alessandro Fioretti
- a Dipartimento di Patologia e Sanità Animale, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria , Università di Napoli Federico II , via F. Delpino, 1, 80137, Napoli , Italy
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Gargiulo A, Rinaldi L, D'Angelo L, Dipineto L, Borrelli L, Fioretti A, Menna LF. Survey of Campylobacter jejuni in stray cats in southern Italy. Lett Appl Microbiol 2007; 46:267-70. [PMID: 18069980 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2007.02295.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the presence of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. in stray cats in southern Italy. METHODS AND RESULTS One hundred and thirteen animals were trapped in two different environments (urban area, harbour area) of the city of Naples. From each cat, rectal swabs were collected. The samples were processed in order to detect thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. by culture methods. The positive samples were then confirmed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from 19/113 (16.8%) stray cats, whereas Campylobacter coli was not isolated. The cat data (age, environment and sex) were analysed by two statistical analyses using the C. jejuni status (positive/negative) as a dependent variable. As regards statistical regression model results, age and environment were risk factors for C. jejuni positivity. In particular, cats older than 1 year had a significantly higher risk of being positive for C. jejuni than cats aged up to 1 year (OR = 10.440; P = 0.000). Moreover, cats living in the harbour area had a significantly higher risk to be a carrier of C. jejuni than cats living in urban area (OR = 17.911; P = 0.008). CONCLUSION The findings of the present survey confirm stray cats as potential carriers of C. jejuni. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first study on the prevalence of C. jejuni in stray cats in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gargiulo
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Sanità Animale, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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7
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Campylobacter jejuni in the red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) population of Southern Italy. Vet J 2007; 179:149-50. [PMID: 17980635 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2007] [Revised: 09/15/2007] [Accepted: 09/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Rectal swab samples were collected from 60 red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) from July 2006 to April 2007 in Southern Italy. Samples were tested for Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli by culture methods and suspected colonies were then confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. C. jejuni was detected in 5/60 (8.3%) samples examined but infection status was not related to age or sex and C. coli was not isolated. This is believed to be the first report of C. jejuni infection in the red squirrel.
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Cuomo A, Dipineto L, Santaniello A, Matteoli G, Sarli T, Vecchia DD, Fioretti A, Menna LF. Detection of thermotolerant Campylobacter in ostriches (Struthio camelus) in Italy. Vet J 2007; 174:439-41. [PMID: 16959506 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2006.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2006] [Revised: 07/11/2006] [Accepted: 07/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
During the period January 2004 to December 2005 four different ostrich farms were investigated to evaluate the presence of thermotolerant Campylobacter. A total of 150 ostriches were examined and all were found to be clinically healthy. Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 60/150 cloacal swabs. Among the isolates, 48 were identified as Campylobacter jejuni whereas the remainder were identified as Campylobacter coli. Campylobacter lari was not isolated. The ostriches, although apparently in a healthy body condition, can be considered, theoretically, as potential Campylobacter carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cuomo
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Sanità Animale, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Napoli Federico II, via Delpino, 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy
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Hong J, Jung WK, Kim JM, Kim SH, Koo HC, Ser J, Park YH. Quantification and differentiation of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in raw chicken meats using a real-time PCR method. J Food Prot 2007; 70:2015-22. [PMID: 17900077 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-70.9.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter species are one of the most common causes of bacterial diarrhea in humans worldwide. The consumption of foods contaminated with two Campylobacter species, C. jejuni and C. coli, is usually associated with most of the infections in humans. In this study, a rapid, reliable, and sensitive multiplex real-time quantitative PCR was developed for the simultaneous detection, identification, and quantification of C. jejuni and C. coli. In addition, the developed method was applied to the 50 samples of raw chicken meat collected from retail stores in Korea. C. jejuni and C. coli were detected in 88 and 86% of the samples by real-time quantitative PCR and the conventional microbiological method, respectively. The specificity of the primer and probe sets was confirmed with 30 C. jejuni, 20 C. coli, and 35 strains of other microbial species. C. jejuni and C. coli could be detected with high specificity in less than 4 h, with a detection limit of 1 log CFU/ml by the developed real-time PCR. The average counts (log CFU per milliliter) of C. jejuni or C. coli obtained by the conventional methods and by the real-time PCR assay were statistically correlated with a correlation coefficient (R2) between 0.73 and 0.78. The real-time PCR assay developed in this study is useful for screening for the presence and simultaneous differential quantification of C. jejuni and C. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonbae Hong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Wolffs P, Norling B, Hoorfar J, Griffiths M, Rådström P. Quantification of Campylobacter spp. in chicken rinse samples by using flotation prior to real-time PCR. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:5759-64. [PMID: 16204485 PMCID: PMC1265984 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.10.5759-5764.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Real-time PCR is fast, sensitive, specific, and can deliver quantitative data; however, two disadvantages are that this technology is sensitive to inhibition by food and that it does not distinguish between DNA originating from viable, viable nonculturable (VNC), and dead cells. For this reason, real-time PCR has been combined with a novel discontinuous buoyant density gradient method, called flotation, in order to allow detection of only viable and VNC cells of thermotolerant campylobacters in chicken rinse samples. Studying the buoyant densities of different Campylobacter spp. showed that densities changed at different time points during growth; however, all varied between 1.065 and 1.109 g/ml. These data were then used to develop a flotation assay. Results showed that after flotation and real-time PCR, cell concentrations as low as 8.6 x 10(2) CFU/ml could be detected without culture enrichment and amounts as low as 2.6 x 10(3) CFU/ml could be quantified. Furthermore, subjecting viable cells and dead cells to flotation showed that viable cells were recovered after flotation treatment but that dead cells and/or their DNA was not detected. Also, when samples containing VNC cells mixed with dead cells were treated with flotation after storage at 4 or 20 degrees C for 21 days, a similar percentage resembling the VNC cell fraction was detected using real-time PCR and 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride-4',6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining (20% +/- 9% and 23% +/- 4%, respectively, at 4 degrees C; 11% +/- 4% and 10% +/- 2%, respectively, at 20 degrees C). This indicated that viable and VNC Campylobacter cells could be positively selected and quantified using the flotation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Wolffs
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, 43 McGilvray St., Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada.
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11
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WANG H, SLAVIK M. A MULTIPLEX POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION ASSAY FOR RAPID DETECTION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7, LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES, SALMONELLATYPHIMURIUM AND CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI IN ARTIFICIALLY CONTAMINATED FOOD SAMPLES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4581.2005.00015.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Takahashi M, Koga M, Yokoyama K, Yuki N. Epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from patients with Guillain-Barré and Fisher syndromes in Japan. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:335-9. [PMID: 15634991 PMCID: PMC540119 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.1.335-339.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni isolation is the standard for the diagnosis of this type of bacterial infection, but there have been no epidemiological studies of a large number of C. jejuni isolates from patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) and Fisher syndrome (FS). For 13 years, stool specimens from GBS/FS patients have been sent from 378 hospitals throughout Japan to the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health. A total of 113 strains (11%) were isolated from the stool specimens from 1,049 patients. The isolation rate did not differ by region. The rates were 22% for 449 patients with a history of diarrhea and 2% for the others. An additional 18 isolates were provided by various hospitals. There was no noticeable seasonal distribution in the onset of C. jejuni isolated from patients with GBS/FS. The male/female ratios were 1.7:1 for GBS and 2.2:1 for FS. The patient age range showed a peak in 10- to 30-year-old subjects who had GBS and in 10- to 20-year-old subjects who had FS. The predominance of young adults and male patients who had C. jejuni-associated GBS/FS may be related to the preponderance of young adults and male patients who had C. jejuni enteritis. The median interval from diarrhea onset to neurologic symptom onset was 10 days for GBS/FS. Penner's C. jejuni serotype HS:19 was more frequently present in GBS (67%) than in enteritis (6%) patients. HS:2 was more frequent in FS (41%) than in enteritis (14%) patients. These findings suggest that certain C. jejuni strains specifically trigger GBS and that others specifically trigger FS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Takahashi
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Japan
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13
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Keramas G, Bang DD, Lund M, Madsen M, Bunkenborg H, Telleman P, Christensen CBV. Use of culture, PCR analysis, and DNA microarrays for detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from chicken feces. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:3985-91. [PMID: 15364980 PMCID: PMC516363 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.42.9.3985-3991.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2003] [Revised: 01/27/2004] [Accepted: 05/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A DNA microarray for detection of Campylobacter spp. was recently developed and applied to detect Campylobacter spp. directly from chicken feces. Sixty-five pooled chicken cloacal swab samples from 650 individual broiler chickens were included in the study. The results of Campylobacter sp. detection obtained with DNA microarrays were compared to those obtained by conventional culture and gel electrophoresis. By conventional culture, 60% of the samples were positive for either Campylobacter jejuni or Campylobacter coli. By PCR and capillary electrophoresis, 95% of the samples were positive for Campylobacter spp., whereas with DNA microarrays all samples were positive for Campylobacter spp. By application of DNA microarray analysis, the isolates in 4 samples (6%) could not be identified to the species level, whereas by PCR-capillary electrophoresis, the isolates in 12 samples (19%) remained unidentified. Interestingly, PCR-capillary electrophoresis analysis revealed that two (3%) of the samples were positive for both C. jejuni and C. coli, while DNA microarray analysis revealed that nine (14%) of the samples were positive for both species. Of 65 samples, 2 samples were identified to contain C. coli by conventional culture but were positive for C. jejuni by both PCR-capillary electrophoresis and DNA microarray analysis. The discrepancy between the methods is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Keramas
- MIC-Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DTU-Building 345 east, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Josefsen MH, Lübeck PS, Hansen F, Hoorfar J. Towards an international standard for PCR-based detection of foodborne thermotolerant campylobacters: interaction of enrichment media and pre-PCR treatment on carcass rinse samples. J Microbiol Methods 2004; 58:39-48. [PMID: 15177902 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2004.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2003] [Revised: 02/16/2004] [Accepted: 03/01/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
As part of a large EU project for standardisation of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a systematic evaluation of the interaction of enrichment media, type of DNA polymerase and pre-PCR sample treatment for a PCR detecting thermotolerant campylobacters was carried out. The growth-supporting capacity and PCR compatibility of enrichment in Preston, Mueller-Hinton and Bolton broth (blood-containing and blood-free) were evaluated. The effect of resin-based DNA extraction and DNA extraction by boiling on the final PCR assay was investigated. The time-course studies indicated that a 20-h sample enrichment in blood-containing Bolton broth, followed by a simple resin-based extraction of DNA and a PCR amplification using Tth polymerase, resulted in strong and clear PCR amplicons for target (287 bp) and internal amplification control (IAC, 124 bp). The enrichment PCR-based method, tested on 68 presumably naturally contaminated poultry-rinse samples, showed a diagnostic sensitivity of 97.5% (39 PCR-positive/40 total positive samples) and a diagnostic specificity of 100% (28 PCR-negative/28 total negative samples; P=0.32) when compared to a standard bacteriological method (ISO 10272).
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Josefsen
- Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research (DFVF), 27 Bülowsvej, DK-1790 Copenhagen V, Denmark
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Keramas G, Bang DD, Lund M, Madsen M, Rasmussen SE, Bunkenborg H, Telleman P, Christensen CBV. Development of a sensitive DNA microarray suitable for rapid detection of Campylobacter spp. Mol Cell Probes 2003; 17:187-96. [PMID: 12944122 DOI: 10.1016/s0890-8508(03)00052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter is the most common cause of human acute bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, widely distributed and isolated from human clinical samples as well as from many other different sources. To comply with the demands of consumers for food safety, there is a need for development of a rapid, sensitive and specific detection method for Campylobacter. In this study, we present the development of a novel sensitive DNA-microarray based detection method, evaluated on Campylobacter and non-Campylobacter reference strains, to detect Campylobacter directly from the faecal cloacal swabs. The DNA-microarray method consists of two steps: first, both universal bacterial sequences and specific Campylobacter sequences (size range: 149-307 bp) are amplified and fluorescently labeled using multiplex-PCR, targeting the 16S rRNA, the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic region and specific Campylobacter genes. Secondly, the Cy5 labeled PCR-amplicons are hybridised to immobilised capture probes on the microarray. The method allows detection of three to thirty genome equivalents (6-60 fg DNA) of Campylobacter within 3 h, with a hands on time of only 15 min. Using the DNA-microarrays, two closely related Campylobacter species, Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli could be detected and differentiated directly from chicken faeces. The DNA-microarray method has a high potential for automation and incorporation into a dedicated mass screening microsystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Keramas
- Mikroelektronik Centret (MIC), Technical University of Denmark, Building 345 East, Kongens 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
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Wang G, Clark CG, Taylor TM, Pucknell C, Barton C, Price L, Woodward DL, Rodgers FG. Colony multiplex PCR assay for identification and differentiation of Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. lari, C. upsaliensis, and C. fetus subsp. fetus. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40:4744-7. [PMID: 12454184 PMCID: PMC154608 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.40.12.4744-4747.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A multiplex PCR assay was used to simultaneously detect genes from the five major clinically relevant Campylobacter spp. Those genes selected were hipO and 23S rRNA from Campylobacter jejuni; glyA from each of C. coli, C. lari, and C. upsaliensis; and sapB2 from C. fetus subsp. fetus. The assay was evaluated with 137 clinical and environmental isolates and was found to be rapid and easy to perform and had a high sensitivity and specificity for characterizing isolates, even in mixed cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehua Wang
- National Laboratory for Enteric Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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Burnett TA, A Hornitzky M, Kuhnert P, Djordjevic SP. Speciating Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates from poultry and humans using six PCR-based assays. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2002; 216:201-9. [PMID: 12435503 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11436.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Six previously published polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays each targeting different genes were used to speciate 116 isolates previously identified as Campylobacter jejuni using routine microbiological techniques. Of the 116 isolates, 84 were of poultry origin and 32 of human origin. The six PCR assays confirmed the species identities of 31 of 32 (97%) human isolates and 56 of 84 (67%) poultry isolates as C. jejuni. Twenty eight of 84 (33%) poultry isolates were identified as Campylobacter coli and the remaining human isolate was tentatively identified as Campylobacter upsaliensis based on the degree of similarity of 16S rRNA gene sequences. Four of six published PCR assays showed 100% concordance in their ability to speciate 113 of the 116 (97.4%) isolates; two assays failed to generate a PCR product with four to 10 isolates. A C. coli-specific PCR identified all 28 hippuricase gene (hipO)-negative poultry isolates as C. coli although three isolates confirmed to be C. jejuni by the remaining five assays were also positive in this assay. A PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay based on the 16S rRNA gene was developed, which contrary to the results of the six PCR-based assays, identified 28 of 29 hipO-negative isolates as C. jejuni. DNA sequence analysis of 16S rRNA genes from four hipO-negative poultry isolates showed they were almost identical to the C. jejuni type strain 16S rRNA sequences ATCC43431 and ATCC33560 indicating that assays reliant on 16S rRNA sequence may not be suitable for the differentiation of these two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey A Burnett
- NSW Agriculture, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, PMB 8, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
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Che Y, Li Y, Slavik M. Detection of Campylobacter jejuni in poultry samples using an enzyme-linked immunoassay coupled with an enzyme electrode. Biosens Bioelectron 2001; 16:791-7. [PMID: 11679257 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(01)00222-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
An enzyme-linked immunoassay coupled with a tyrosinase modified enzyme electrode was used for rapid detection of Campylobacter jejuni. The immunomagnetic separation (IMS) method was investigated to achieve optimal isolation of C. jejuni cells. Eight types of beads with three different sizes and function groups were coated with anti-C. jejuni to isolate C. jejuni from the sample solution. Bead size and coating methods were found to be major factors that influenced the capture efficacy. Streptavidin-labeled beads (2.8 microm) provided the greatest capture ability. Three blocking reagents were tested to minimize non-specific binding. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) showed the best blocking capability. Two IMS formats were tested. Competitive immunoassay cut the detection time to 1.5 h, but the detection limit was relatively high (10(6) CFU/ml). This system was evaluated using C. jejuni pure culture and poultry samples inoculated with C. jejuni. This detection method for C. jejuni could be completed within 2.5 h and had a detection limit of 2.1 x 10(4) CFU/ml. No significant difference was found between pure culture samples and poultry samples (P>0.01). A linear relationship was found between C. jejuni cell numbers and the peak current ratio in a range of 10(2)-10(7) CFU/ml (R(2)=0.94).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Che
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Chuma T, Hashimoto S, Okamoto K. Detection of thermophilic Campylobacter from sparrows by multiplex PCR: the role of sparrows as a source of contamination of broilers with Campylobacter. J Vet Med Sci 2000; 62:1291-5. [PMID: 11193345 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.62.1291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The best combination of primers and the annealing temperature of multiplex PCR for Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Campylobacter lari were examined. The multiplex PCR was able to detect type strains of the three species. All results of identification of wild strains (30 strains of C. jejuni, 20 strains of C. coli, and 4 strains of C. lari) by the multiplex PCR coincided with those of the conventional biochemical identification tests, suggesting that the multiplex PCR can simultaneously differentiate C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari from wild strains of campylobacters easily and rapidly. Campylobacters were detected from sparrow feces by the multiplex PCR and antimicrobial sensitivities of the strains were determined to discuss the role of sparrows in contamination of broilers with C. jejuni. Three out of 13 strains of C. jejuni isolated from sparrow feces showed quinolone resistance. From the frequent use of quinolones for treatment of industrial animals like chickens, pigs, and cows, the three strains of quinolone-resistant C. jejuni in sparrows must have been originated from those industrial animals. Sparrows that have quinolone-resistant C. jejuni were considered to have contacted with industrial animals or thier feed. It may be presumed, on the contrary, that C. jejuni in sparrows could be a potential source of contamination of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Chuma
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Japan
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Nogva HK, Bergh A, Holck A, Rudi K. Application of the 5'-nuclease PCR assay in evaluation and development of methods for quantitative detection of Campylobacter jejuni. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000; 66:4029-36. [PMID: 10966425 PMCID: PMC92255 DOI: 10.1128/aem.66.9.4029-4036.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2000] [Accepted: 07/11/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is recognized as a leading human food-borne pathogen. Traditional diagnostic testing for C. jejuni is not reliable due to special growth requirements and the possibility that this bacterium can enter a viable but nonculturable state. Nucleic acid-based tests have emerged as a useful alternative to traditional enrichment testing. In this article, we present a 5'-nuclease PCR assay for quantitative detection of C. jejuni and describe its evaluation. A probe including positions 381121 to 381206 of the published C. jejuni strain NCTC 11168 genome sequence was identified. When this probe was applied, the assay was positive for all of the isolates of C. jejuni tested (32 isolates, including the type strain) and negative for all other Campylobacter spp. (11 species tested) and several other bacteria (41 species tested). The total assay could be completed in 3 h with a detection limit of approximately 1 CFU. Quantification was linear over at least 6 log units. Quantitative detection methods are important for both research purposes and further development of C. jejuni detection methods. In this study, we used the assay to investigate to what extent the PCR signals generated by heat-killed bacteria interfere with the detection of viable C. jejuni after exposure at elevated temperatures for up to 5 days. An approach to the reduction of the PCR signal generated by dead bacteria was also investigated by employing externally added DNases to selectively inactivate free DNA and exposed DNA in heat-killed bacteria. The results indicated relatively good discrimination between exposed DNA from dead C. jejuni and protected DNA in living bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Nogva
- MATFORSK, Norwegian Food Research Institute, N-1430 As, Norway
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Winters DK, Slavik MF. Multiplex PCR detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Arcobacter butzleri in food products. Mol Cell Probes 2000; 14:95-9. [PMID: 10799270 DOI: 10.1006/mcpr.2000.0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Arcobacter is a recently described species, previously considered part of the Campylobacter family. A sensitive assay such as that provided by PCR could help to distinguish the closely related Arcobacter from Campylobacter. A PCR method to specifically detect both Campylobacter jejuni and Arcobacter butzleri in the same reaction tube has been developed. C. jejuni and A. butzleri were inoculated into a range of dairy products, raw and ready-to-eat foods. The presence of these two organisms was detected in these test foods by the multiplex PCR assay. A product of 159 bp was apparent when C. jejuni was present, while a 1223 bp product was seen when A. butzleri was present. When both organisms were present, both bands could be detected on the agarose gel. All organisms were confirmed by standard microbiological methods. There was complete agreement between the PCR and standard methods. This PCR assay will allow detection of both organisms within the same PCR tube and can be performed within an 8 h day. The presence of these two human pathogens, which are difficult to distinguish by standard biochemical methods, can now be identified using this PCR assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Winters
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA.
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Mandrell RE, Wachtel MR. Novel detection techniques for human pathogens that contaminate poultry. Curr Opin Biotechnol 1999; 10:273-8. [PMID: 10361075 DOI: 10.1016/s0958-1669(99)80048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Poultry products are presumed to be a major contributor to human foodborne illness due to their high frequency of contamination with pathogens Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. This has stimulated the development of more sensitive and rapid methods for identifying pathogens present in poultry. These new methods include immunomagnetic separation of pathogen, PCR amplification of pathogen-specific sequences, pathogen-specific DNA and RNA probes, and identification of pathogen-specific ions by mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Mandrell
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Food Safety and Health Unit, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA.
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Studer E, Lüthy J, Hübner P. Study of the presence of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli in sand samples from four Swiss chicken farms. Res Microbiol 1999; 150:213-9. [PMID: 10229951 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-2508(99)80038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chicken farms are frequently infected with Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. The objective of the present study was to investigate environmental samples from chicken farms for the presence of C. jejuni and C. coli. Every week between July and November 1997, three sand samples from the runs of four chicken farms were analyzed by culture and directly by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These two detection methods were compared to each other. A total of 231 samples were tested. Eleven samples (4%) were found to contain Campylobacter cells by culture, whereas 157 samples (68%) were positive by PCR. All samples which were positive by culture were also positive by PCR. All direct PCR products were further typed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Three different RFLP types and mixtures of these types were observed. Direct PCR products of one chicken farm were further typed by direct sequencing and two temporally separated sequence types could be distinguished. Campylobacter strains isolated by culture were also typed by RFLP and direct sequencing revealing close accordance with the corresponding direct PCR products.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Studer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Switzerland.
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RFLP and Sequence Analysis of and PCR Products Amplified Directly from Environmental Samples. Lebensm Wiss Technol 1998. [DOI: 10.1006/fstl.1998.0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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