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Choi EH, Hwang UW. Complete mitochondrial genome of a golden orb-web spider Trichonephila clavata (Chelicerata, Arachnida) from South Korea. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2023; 8:723-725. [PMID: 37416894 PMCID: PMC10321228 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1955633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial genome of a golden orb-web spider Trichonephila clavata (L. Koch, 1878) from South Korea is determined and characterized in detail, which is the second mitochondrial genome reported from this species: the first was published from the Chinese sample by Pan et al. (2016). It was 14,436 bp in length being composed of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and one control region (CR). It has a base composition of 35.99% for 'A,' 14.88% for 'G,' 9.09% for 'C,' and 40.04% for 'T.' Comparing the South Korean and Chinese mitochondrial genomes, we observed 8% nucleotide sequence differences between their CRs, caused by the different numbers and sorts of possessed tandem repeats, suggesting a promising molecular marker to distinguish South Korean individuals from Chinese ones. The phylogenetic trees using the maximum likelihood (ML) method were reconstructed with nucleotides (without 3rd codon position) and amino acids from 13 PCGs, respectively, which consistently confirmed that T. clavata (Subfamily Nephilinae) from South Korea and China are clustered together, distinctly separated from the other subfamily Araneinae in the monophyletic family Araneidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hwa Choi
- Department of Biology Education, Teachers College and Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ui Wook Hwang
- Department of Biology Education, Teachers College and Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Institute for Korean Herb-Bio Convergence Promotion, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- School of Industrial Technology Advances, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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Petersen V, Santana M, Alves JMP, Suesdek L. Genetic and morphological polymorphisms of Aedes scapularis (Diptera: Culicidae), vector of filariae and arboviruses. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 97:105193. [PMID: 34933127 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes scapularis is a neotropical mosquito that is competent to vector viruses and filariae. It is reputed to be highly morphologically and genetically polymorphic, facts that have raised questions about whether it is a single taxonomic entity. In the last five decades, authors have posed the hypothesis that it could actually be a species complex under incipient speciation. Due to its epidemiological importance, its taxonomic status should be determined with confidence. AIM AND METHOD Our objective was to investigate more deeply the polymorphism of Ae. scapularis to detect any evidence of incipient speciation of cryptic species. We then compared populational samples from the Southeastern, Northern and Northeastern regions of Brazil. The biological markers used in the comparison were: the complete mitochondrial DNA, the isolated mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and wing geometry. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION As expected, high morphological/genetic polymorphism was observed in all Ae. scapularis populations, however it was not indicative of segregation or incipient speciation. There was no correlation between wing shape and the geographical origin of the populations analysed. A congruent observation resulted from the analysis of the COI gene, which revealed a high number of haplotypes (51) and no clusterization of populational samples according to the original biomes. In the phylogenetic analysis of the 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes, the Ae. scapularis clade clustered with maximum support (100% bootstrap support and posterior probability of 1). No significant internal structure was observed in the Ae. scapularis clade, which was nearly a polytomy. Taken together, our results indicate that this species is not a species complex. CONCLUSION We conclude that there was no indication, in the analysed regions, of the occurrence of more than one taxon in the species Ae. scapularis, despite it being highly polymorphic. By ruling out the former species complex hypothesis, our phylogenetic results reinforce that Ae. scapularis is a single taxonomic unit and should be monitored with standardized surveillance and control methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Petersen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Biologia da Relação Patógeno-Hospedeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes - 1374, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Micael Santana
- Programa de pós-graduação em Biotecnologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes - 1374, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - J Marcelo P Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Biologia da Relação Patógeno-Hospedeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes - 1374, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Lincoln Suesdek
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil - 1500, São Paulo, SP 05503-000, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar - 470, São Paulo, SP 05403-000, Brazil; Institute of Advanced Studies of the University of São Paulo IEA/USP, São Paulo, Brazil..
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Zhang B, Havird JC, Wang E, Lv J, Xu X. Massive gene rearrangement in mitogenomes of phytoseiid mites. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:33-39. [PMID: 34237359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial (mt) gene sequences have been widely used to infer phylogeny in animals. The relative order of mt genes in the mitogenome can also be a useful marker for evolution, but the propensity of mt gene rearrangements vary tremendously among taxa. Ticks and mites in Acari exemplify this trend as some families retain the ancestral arthropod gene order, while others show highly divergent gene orders. Mites in Phytoseiidae, many of which are effective biological control agents, show some of the most divergent gene orders. However, the diversity of mitogenome order within this family is little known. We thus sequenced three mt genomes of phytoseiid mites from two of the most speciose genera: Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot), Amblyseius tsugawai (Ehara) and Neoseiulus womersleyi (Schicha). We find differences in mt GC skew and nucleotide composition, especially between N. womersleyi and the two Amblyseius species. Each species within Phytoseiidae (including three previously available sequences) present a unique gene order. Phytoseiid mitogenomes show some of the highest numbers of breakpoints when compared to the ancestral arthropod order (up to 33), as well as high numbers of breakpoints within the family (14-30). This suggests a history of massive, ongoing mitogenome rearrangements in the family. Phylogenetic analyses of mt sequences confirm that the degree of gene rearrangements follows phylogenetic relatedness. We discuss possible causes for the high degree of mt gene rearrangement within phytoseiid mites as well as selection in the mt and nuclear genome tied to the independent evolution of many diverse feeding strategies in the family. Finally, we suggest N. womersleyi should be used instead of the synonym Amblyseius pseudolongispinosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Laboratory of Predatory Mites, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Justin C Havird
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Endong Wang
- Laboratory of Predatory Mites, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jiale Lv
- Laboratory of Predatory Mites, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xuenong Xu
- Laboratory of Predatory Mites, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Wang L, Zhou X, Deng L, Liu Y, Li Y, Chen Y, Huang S, Li G, Huang Y, Zhang H, Wang C, Li D, Xie Y. Complete mitogenome of the giant panda tick Haemaphysalis longicornis (Ixodida: Ixodidae) and its phylogenetic implications. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1810161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linhua Deng
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, China
| | - Yunjian Liu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingxin Li
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yijun Chen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Huang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, China
| | - Guo Li
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, China
| | - Yan Huang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, China
| | - Hemin Zhang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, China
| | - Chengdong Wang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, China
| | - Desheng Li
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Wang C, Wang L, Liu Y, Deng L, Wei M, Wu K, Huang S, Li G, Huang Y, Zhang H, Li D. The mitochondrial genome of the giant panda tick Haemaphysalis flava (Acari, Ixodidae) from Southwest China. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2020; 5:1188-1190. [PMID: 33366908 PMCID: PMC7510829 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1731350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The tick Haemaphysalis flava (Acari, Ixodidae) is an obligatory blood-feeding ectoparasite of the giant panda and is also a vector for transmission of pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of this tick was sequenced through Illumina sequencing technology. The genome was 14,699 bp in length and encoded 37 genes including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs and two ribosomal RNAs. Phylogeny revealed that three isolates of H. flava, regardless of host origins and locations, clustered together and formed a monophyletic relationship with Haemaphysalis japonica, supporting their species validity among the genus Haemaphysalis. These cumulative mitochondrial DNA data provides insights into phylogenetic studies among Haemaphysalis ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengdong Wang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, China
| | - Lidan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunjian Liu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linhua Deng
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, China
| | - Ming Wei
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, China
| | - Kai Wu
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, China
| | - Shan Huang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, China
| | - Guo Li
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, China
| | - Yan Huang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, China
| | - Hemin Zhang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, China
| | - Desheng Li
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, China
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Liu Y, Wang L, Wang L, Deng L, Wei M, Wu K, Huang S, Li G, Huang Y, Zhang H, Wang C, Li D, Xie Y. Characterization of the complete mitogenome sequence of the giant panda tick Haemaphysalis hystricis. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2020; 5:1191-1193. [PMID: 33366909 PMCID: PMC7510831 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1731352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The blood-sucking tick Haemaphysalis hystricis is a common ectoparasite of the giant panda and represents a significant threat to both wild and captive populations. Herein, the complete mitogenome of H. hystricis was sequenced using Illumina sequencing technology. The complete mitogenome sequence was 14,715 bp in size and encoded 37 genes including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and two ribosomal RNAs. Phylogeny revealed that two isolates of H. hystricis, regardless of host origins and locations, grouped together and had a closer relationship with Haemaphysalis longicornis than other tick species among the genus Haemaphysalis. The cumulative mitochondrial DNA data provides novel resources for genetic and phylogenetic studies of Haemaphysalis ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjian Liu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lidan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linhua Deng
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, China
| | - Ming Wei
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, China
| | - Kai Wu
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, China
| | - Shan Huang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, China
| | - Guo Li
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, China
| | - Yan Huang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, China
| | - Hemin Zhang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, China
| | - Chengdong Wang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, China
| | - Desheng Li
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Lorenz C, Alves JMP, Foster PG, Sallum MAM, Suesdek L. First record of translocation in Culicidae (Diptera) mitogenomes: evidence from the tribe Sabethini. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:721. [PMID: 31561749 PMCID: PMC6765231 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The tribe Sabethini (Diptera: Culicidae) contains important vectors of the yellow fever virus and presents remarkable morphological and ecological diversity unequalled in other mosquito groups. However, there is limited information about mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) from these species. As mitochondrial genetics has been fundamental for posing evolutionary hypotheses and identifying taxonomical markers, in this study we sequenced the first sabethine mitogenomes: Sabethes undosus, Trichoprosopon pallidiventer, Runchomyia reversa, Limatus flavisetosus, and Wyeomyia confusa. In addition, we performed phylogenetic analyses of Sabethini within Culicidae and compared its mitogenomic architecture to that of other insects. Results Similar to other insects, the Sabethini mitogenome contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and a control region. However, the gene order is not the same as that in other mosquitoes; the tyrosine (Y) and cysteine (C) tRNA genes have translocated. In general, mitogenome rearrangements within insects are uncommon events; the translocation reported here is unparalleled among Culicidae and can be considered an autapomorphy for the Neotropical sabethines. Conclusions Our study provides clear evidence of gene rearrangements in the mitogenomes of these Neotropical genera in the tribe Sabethini. Gene order can be informative at the taxonomic level of tribe. The translocations found, along with the mitogenomic sequence data and other recently published findings, reinforce the status of Sabethini as a well-supported monophyletic taxon. Furthermore, T. pallidiventer was recovered as sister to R. reversa, and both were placed as sisters of other Sabethini genera (Sabethes, Wyeomyia, and Limatus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Lorenz
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, CEP 05509-300, Brazil.
| | - João Marcelo Pereira Alves
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Science, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Peter Gordon Foster
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Rd, London, UK
| | - Maria Anice Mureb Sallum
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, CEP 05509-300, Brazil
| | - Lincoln Suesdek
- Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brazil 1500, Butanta, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05503-900, Brazil.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 470, Jardim América, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05403-000, Brazil
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Tan Y, Jia B, Chi YM, Han HB, Zhou XR, Pang BP. The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Plant Bug Lygus pratensis Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Miridae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2018; 18:4967729. [PMID: 29718503 PMCID: PMC5893962 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iey035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lygus pratensis is a phytophagous pest responsible for yield losses in Bt alfalfa and other economic crops in Northwestern China. To better characterize Miridae at the genomic level, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of L. pratensis was sequenced and analyzed in this study. The mt genome was amplified via the polymerase chain reaction to generate overlapping fragments. These fragments were then sequenced, spliced, and analyzed to include the examination of nucleotide composition, codon usage, compositional biases, protein-coding genes (PCGs), and RNA secondary structures. Phylogenetic relationships between L. pratensis and other species in different Heteroptera families were also examined. The mt genome was found to be a typical circular genome with a length of 16,591 bp and a total AT content of 75.1%, encoded for 13 PCGs, 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNAs (lrRNA and srRNA), and a noncoding control region. The nucleotide composition of the entire mt genome was heavily biased toward A and T. All of the tRNAs were predicted to have classic clover leaf structures, but three of the tRNAs (tRNAAsn, tRNAHis, tRNAHis) were missing the TΨC loop. The control region (2,017 bp), which was found to be located between 12S and tRNAIle, contained three tandem repeat elements. Phylogenetic analyses showed that L. pratensis is closely related to the other three examined Lygus bugs, and that it is a sister group to Apolygus and Adelphocoris. This study confirms the usability of the mt genome in phylogenesis studies pertaining to the Lygus genus, within Miridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tan
- Research Center for Grassland Entomology, Inner Mongolian Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Bing Jia
- Research Center for Grassland Entomology, Inner Mongolian Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuan-ming Chi
- Research Center for Grassland Entomology, Inner Mongolian Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hai-bin Han
- Institute of grassland research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiao-rong Zhou
- Research Center for Grassland Entomology, Inner Mongolian Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Bao-ping Pang
- Research Center for Grassland Entomology, Inner Mongolian Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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Szafranski P. Evolutionarily recent, insertional fission of mitochondrial cox2 into complementary genes in bilaterian Metazoa. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:269. [PMID: 28359330 PMCID: PMC5374615 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3626-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) of multicellular animals (Metazoa) with bilateral symmetry (Bilateria) are compact and usually carry 13 protein-coding genes for subunits of three respiratory complexes and ATP synthase. However, occasionally reported exceptions to this typical mtDNA organization prompted speculation that, as in protists and plants, some bilaterian mitogenomes may continue to lose their canonical genes, or may even acquire new genes. To shed more light on this phenomenon, a PCR-based screen was conducted to assess fast-evolving mtDNAs of apocritan Hymenoptera (Arthropoda, Insecta) for genomic rearrangements that might be associated with the modification of mitochondrial gene content. Results Sequencing of segmental inversions, identified in the screen, revealed that the cytochrome oxidase subunit II gene (cox2) of Campsomeris (Dielis) (Scoliidae) was split into two genes coding for COXIIA and COXIIB. The COXII-derived complementary polypeptides apparently form a heterodimer, have reduced hydrophobicity compared with the majority of mitogenome-encoded COX subunits, and one of them, COXIIB, features increased content of Cys residues. Analogous cox2 fragmentation is known only in two clades of protists (chlorophycean algae and alveolates), where it has been associated with piecewise relocation of this gene into the nucleus. In Campsomeris mtDNA, cox2a and cox2b loci are separated by a 3-kb large cluster of several antiparallel overlapping ORFs, one of which, qnu, seems to encode a nuclease that may have played a role in cox2 fission. Conclusions Although discontinuous mitochondrial protein genes encoding fragmented, complementary polypeptides are known in protists and some plants, split cox2 of Campsomeris is the first case of such a gene arrangement found in animals. The reported data also indicate that bilaterian animal mitogenomes may be carrying lineage-specific genes more often than previously thought, and suggest a homing endonuclease-based mechanism for insertional mitochondrial gene fission. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3626-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Szafranski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, ABBR, R851C, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Hyde J, Cooper SJB, Munguia P, Humphreys WF, Austin AD. The first complete mitochondrial genomes of subterranean dytiscid diving beetles (Limbodessus and Paroster) from calcrete aquifers of Western Australia. AUST J ZOOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/zo17076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Comparative analyses of mitochondrial (mt) genomes may provide insights into the genetic changes, associated with metabolism, that occur when surface species adapt to living in underground habitats. Such analyses require comparisons among multiple independently evolved subterranean species, with the dytiscid beetle fauna from the calcrete archipelago of central Western Australia providing an outstanding model system to do this. Here, we present the first whole mt genomes from four subterranean dytiscid beetle species of the genera Limbodessus (L. palmulaoides) and Paroster (P. macrosturtensis, P. mesosturtensis and P. microsturtensis) and compare genome sequences with those from surface dytiscid species. The mt genomes were sequenced using a next-generation sequencing approach employing the Illumina Miseq system and assembled de novo. All four mt genomes are circular, ranging in size from 16 504 to 16 868 bp, and encode 37 genes and a control region. The overall structure (gene number, orientation and order) of the mt genomes is the same as that found in eight sequenced surface species, but with genome size variation resulting from length variation of intergenic regions and the control region . Our results provide a basis for future investigations of adaptive evolutionary changes that may occur in mt genes when species move underground.
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Chen PY, Zheng BY, Liu JX, Wei SJ. Next-Generation Sequencing of Two Mitochondrial Genomes from Family Pompilidae (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea) Reveal Novel Patterns of Gene Arrangement. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101641. [PMID: 27727175 PMCID: PMC5085674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal mitochondrial genomes have provided large and diverse datasets for evolutionary studies. Here, the first two representative mitochondrial genomes from the family Pompilidae (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea) were determined using next-generation sequencing. The sequenced region of these two mitochondrial genomes from the species Auplopus sp. and Agenioideus sp. was 16,746 bp long with an A + T content of 83.12% and 16,596 bp long with an A + T content of 78.64%, respectively. In both species, all of the 37 typical mitochondrial genes were determined. The secondary structure of tRNA genes and rRNA genes were predicted and compared with those of other insects. Atypical trnS1 using abnormal anticodons TCT and lacking D-stem pairings was identified. There were 49 helices belonging to six domains in rrnL and 30 helices belonging to three domains in rrns present. Compared with the ancestral organization, four and two tRNA genes were rearranged in mitochondrial genomes of Auplopus and Agenioideus, respectively. In both species, trnM was shuffled upstream of the trnI-trnQ-trnM cluster, and trnA was translocated from the cluster trnA-trnR-trnN-trnS1-trnE-trnF to the region between nad1 and trnL1, which is novel to the Vespoidea. In Auplopus, the tRNA cluster trnW-trnC-trnY was shuffled to trnW-trnY-trnC. Phylogenetic analysis within Vespoidea revealed that Pompilidae and Mutillidae formed a sister lineage, and then sistered Formicidae. The genomes presented in this study have enriched the knowledge base of molecular markers, which is valuable in respect to studies about the gene rearrangement mechanism, genomic evolutionary processes and phylogeny of Hymenoptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Yan Chen
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Bo-Ying Zheng
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Jing-Xian Liu
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Shu-Jun Wei
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
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DNA Barcoding of Metazoan Zooplankton Copepods from South Korea. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157307. [PMID: 27383475 PMCID: PMC4934703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Copepods, small aquatic crustaceans, are the most abundant metazoan zooplankton and outnumber every other group of multicellular animals on earth. In spite of ecological and biological importance in aquatic environment, their morphological plasticity, originated from their various lifestyles and their incomparable capacity to adapt to a variety of environments, has made the identification of species challenging, even for expert taxonomists. Molecular approaches to species identification have allowed rapid detection, discrimination, and identification of cryptic or sibling species based on DNA sequence data. We examined sequence variation of a partial mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase I gene (COI) from 133 copepod individuals collected from the Korean Peninsula, in order to identify and discriminate 94 copepod species covering six copepod orders of Calanoida, Cyclopoida, Harpacticoida, Monstrilloida, Poecilostomatoida and Siphonostomatoida. The results showed that there exists a clear gap with ca. 20 fold difference between the averages of within-specific sequence divergence (2.42%) and that of between-specific sequence divergence (42.79%) in COI, suggesting the plausible utility of this gene in delimitating copepod species. The results showed, with the COI barcoding data among 94 copepod species, that a copepod species could be distinguished from the others very clearly, only with four exceptions as followings: Mesocyclops dissimilis–Mesocyclops pehpeiensis (0.26% K2P distance in percent) and Oithona davisae–Oithona similis (1.1%) in Cyclopoida, Ostrincola japonica–Pseudomyicola spinosus (1.5%) in Poecilostomatoida, and Hatschekia japonica–Caligus quadratus (5.2%) in Siphonostomatoida. Thus, it strongly indicated that COI may be a useful tool in identifying various copepod species and make an initial progress toward the construction of a comprehensive DNA barcode database for copepods inhabiting the Korean Peninsula.
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Oliveira TMP, Foster PG, Bergo ES, Nagaki SS, Sanabani SS, Marinotti O, Marinotti PN, Sallum MAM. Mitochondrial Genomes of Anopheles (Kerteszia) (Diptera: Culicidae) From the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 53:790-797. [PMID: 27146682 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial genome sequences are widely used as molecular markers for phylogenetic studies of mosquito species complexes, such as the Anopheles albitarsis complex. Except for a few studies that employed a limited number of nuclear or mitochondrial loci to address the genetic structure and species status of Anopheles cruzii, Anopheles bellator, and Anopheles homunculus, little is known about genetic markers that can be employed in studies focusing on Kerteszia species. The complete mitochondrial genomes of seven specimens of An. bellator, An. cruzii, An. homunculus, and Anopheles laneanus were sequenced using long-range polymerase chain reaction and Illumina sequencing. The mitochondrial genomes varied from 15,446 to 15,738 bp in length and contained 37 genes (13 protein-encoding genes, 2 rRNA genes [12S rRNA and 16S rRNA] and 22 tRNA genes), and the AT-rich control region, as all do other Anopheles mitochondrial genomes sequenced to date. Specimens from four populations of An. cruzii showed differences in codon composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M P Oliveira
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Ave. Doutor Arnaldo 715, 01246-904 São Paulo, SP, Brazil (; ; ),
| | - P G Foster
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Rd., London, UK
| | - E S Bergo
- Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, R. Rui Barbosa, 1672, 14810-095 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - S S Nagaki
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Ave. Doutor Arnaldo 715, 01246-904 São Paulo, SP, Brazil (; ; )
| | - S S Sanabani
- Departamento de Patologia, LIM 03, Hospital das Clinicas (HC), Escola de Medicina, Universidade of São Paulo, Ave. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - O Marinotti
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, 2315 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 (; pedr), and
| | - P N Marinotti
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, 2315 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 (; pedr), and
| | - M A M Sallum
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Ave. Doutor Arnaldo 715, 01246-904 São Paulo, SP, Brazil (; ; ),
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Lv L, Peng X, Jing S, Liu B, Zhu L, He G. Intraspecific and Interspecific Variations in the Mitochondrial Genomes of Nilaparvata (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 108:2021-2029. [PMID: 26470349 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Planthoppers in the genus Nilaparvata Distant are serious pests of rice and many other crops in tropical and temperate Asia, and northern Australia. In this study, the mitochondrial genomes of four Nilaparvata planthoppers were sequenced, three in Nilaparvata lugens Stål and one in Nilaparvata muiri China. Mitochondrial genome of Nilaparvata contain the standard set of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and a control region. The nucleotide composition of Nilaparvata mitochondrial sequence is biased toward adenine and thymine, and the amino acid composition is affected to a similar degree by the bias to AT. We compare the four mitochondrial genomes and find intra- and interspecific variation in gene length, base composition, nucleotide and amino acid substitutions, intergenic spacer length, and gene overlap. The intra- and interspecific variations reveal that nucleotide and amino acid substitutions in mitochondrial protein-coding genes make a contribution to the formation of various insect biotypes in one species. Furthermore, the accumulation of nonsynonymous substitutions in the mitochondrial protein-coding genes, as well as differences in start codons, the length of intergenic spacers, and gene overlap regions contribute to differences between the two species investigated here. In addition, cox is the most conserved gene family and nad4-nad4l cluster is variable in Nilaparvata mitochondrial genes for the intra- and interspecific variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengli Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingfang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangcun He
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.
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Hinsinger DD, Debruyne R, Thomas M, Denys GPJ, Mennesson M, Utage J, Dettai A. Fishing for barcodes in the Torrent: from COI to complete mitogenomes on NGS platforms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/dna-2015-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe adoption of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) by the field of DNA barcoding of Metazoa has been hindered by the fit between the classical COI barcode and the Sanger-based sequencing method. Here we describe a framework for the sequencing and multiplexing of mitogenomes on NGS platforms that implements (I) a universal long-range PCR-based amplification technique, (II) a two-level multiplexing approach (i.e. divergence-based and specific tag indexing), and (III) a dedicated demultiplexing and assembling script from an Ion Torrent sequencing platform. We provide a case study of mitogenomes obtained for two vouchered individuals of daces Leuciscus burdigalensis and L. oxyrrhis and show that this workflow enables to recover over 100 mitogenomes per sequencing chip on a PGM sequencer, bringing the individual cost down below 7,50€ per mitogenome (as of current 2015 sequencing costs). The use of several kilobases for identification purposes, as involved in the improved DNA-barcode we propose, stress the need for data reliability, especially through metadata. Based on both scientific and economic considerations, this framework presents a relevant approach for multiplexing samples, adaptable on any desktop NGS platform. It enables to extend from the prevalent barcoding approach by shifting from the single COI to complete mitogenome sequencing
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16
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Chen MM, Li Y, Chen M, Wang H, Li Q, Xia RX, Zeng CY, Li YP, Liu YQ, Qin L. Complete mitochondrial genome of the atlas moth, Attacus atlas (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) and the phylogenetic relationship of Saturniidae species. Gene 2014; 545:95-101. [PMID: 24797615 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) can provide information for genomic structure as well as for phylogenetic analysis and evolutionary biology. In this study, we present the complete mitogenome of the atlas moth, Attacus atlas (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), a well-known silk-producing and ornamental insect with the largest wing surface area of all moths. The mitogenome of A. atlas is a circular molecule of 15,282 bp long, and its nucleotide composition shows heavily biased towards As and Ts, accounting for 79.30%. This genome comprises 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and an A+T-rich region. It is of note that this genome exhibits a slightly positive AT skew, which is different from the other known Saturniidae species. All PCGs are initiated by ATN codons, except for COI with CGA instead. Only six PCGs use a common stop codon of TAA or TAG, whereas the remaining seven use an incomplete termination codon T or TA. All tRNAs have the typical clover-leaf structure, with an exception for tRNA(Ser)(AGN). The A. atlas A+T-rich region contains non-repetitive sequences, but harbors several features common to the Bombycoidea insects. The phylogenetic relationships based on Maximum Likelihood method provide a well-supported outline of Saturniidae, which is in accordance with the traditional morphological classification and recent molecular works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Miao Chen
- Insect Resource Center for Engineering and Technology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yan Li
- Insect Resource Center for Engineering and Technology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Insect Resource Center for Engineering and Technology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Insect Resource Center for Engineering and Technology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Qun Li
- Insect Resource Center for Engineering and Technology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Run-Xi Xia
- Insect Resource Center for Engineering and Technology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Cai-Yun Zeng
- Administration Bureau of Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve, Yunnan, Jinghong 666100, China
| | - Yu-Ping Li
- Insect Resource Center for Engineering and Technology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Yan-Qun Liu
- Insect Resource Center for Engineering and Technology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Wild Silkworms of Liaoning Province, Sericultural Institute of Liaoning Province, Fengcheng 118100, China.
| | - Li Qin
- Insect Resource Center for Engineering and Technology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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Brewer MS, Swafford L, Spruill CL, Bond JE. Arthropod phylogenetics in light of three novel millipede (myriapoda: diplopoda) mitochondrial genomes with comments on the appropriateness of mitochondrial genome sequence data for inferring deep level relationships. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68005. [PMID: 23869209 PMCID: PMC3712015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arthropods are the most diverse group of eukaryotic organisms, but their phylogenetic relationships are poorly understood. Herein, we describe three mitochondrial genomes representing orders of millipedes for which complete genomes had not been characterized. Newly sequenced genomes are combined with existing data to characterize the protein coding regions of myriapods and to attempt to reconstruct the evolutionary relationships within the Myriapoda and Arthropoda. RESULTS The newly sequenced genomes are similar to previously characterized millipede sequences in terms of synteny and length. Unique translocations occurred within the newly sequenced taxa, including one half of the Appalachioria falcifera genome, which is inverted with respect to other millipede genomes. Across myriapods, amino acid conservation levels are highly dependent on the gene region. Additionally, individual loci varied in the level of amino acid conservation. Overall, most gene regions showed low levels of conservation at many sites. Attempts to reconstruct the evolutionary relationships suffered from questionable relationships and low support values. Analyses of phylogenetic informativeness show the lack of signal deep in the trees (i.e., genes evolve too quickly). As a result, the myriapod tree resembles previously published results but lacks convincing support, and, within the arthropod tree, well established groups were recovered as polyphyletic. CONCLUSIONS The novel genome sequences described herein provide useful genomic information concerning millipede groups that had not been investigated. Taken together with existing sequences, the variety of compositions and evolution of myriapod mitochondrial genomes are shown to be more complex than previously thought. Unfortunately, the use of mitochondrial protein-coding regions in deep arthropod phylogenetics appears problematic, a result consistent with previously published studies. Lack of phylogenetic signal renders the resulting tree topologies as suspect. As such, these data are likely inappropriate for investigating such ancient relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Brewer
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.
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18
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Zhou X, Wang Y, Chen X, Lin Q, Fang W, Wei D. PERMANENT GENETIC RESOURCES: A set of primer pairs for amplifying the complete mitochondrial DNA of endangered Chinese egret (Aves, Ardeidae, Egretta eulophotes). Mol Ecol Resour 2013; 8:412-4. [PMID: 21585806 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01975.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Chinese egret is a globally endangered species. Here we describe a set of primer pairs to amplify its entire mtDNA. The polymerase chain reaction products (1000-2000 bp) were successfully amplified by using this primer set and were then sequenced and aligned. The contiguous mtDNA sequences of the Chinese egret were assembled to be a circular molecule (17 579 bp). This primer set was also confirmed to be useful for six other species of ardeid birds. The versatility of this primer set will provide a groundwork for further studies on the genetic structure and molecular evolution of the ardeid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Zhou
- School of Life Sciences of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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19
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The complete mitochondrial genome of the Ailanthus silkmoth, Samia cynthia cynthia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Gene 2013; 526:309-17. [PMID: 23747351 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the Ailanthus silkmoth, Samia cynthia cynthia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) was determined. The circular genome is 15,345 bp long, and presents a typical gene organization and order for sequenced mitogenomes of Bombycidea species. The nucleotide composition of the genome is highly A+T biased, accounting for 79.86%. The AT skew of the genome is slightly negative, indicating the occurrence of more Ts than As, as found in other Saturniidae species. All protein-coding genes (PCGs) are initiated by ATN codons, except for COI and COII, which are tentatively designated by CGA and GTG, respectively, as observed in other insects. Four of 13 PCGs, including COI, COII, ATP6, and ND3, harbor the incomplete termination codons, T or TA. With an exception for tRNASer(AGN), all other tRNAs can form a typical clover-leaf structure of mitochondrial tRNA. The 359 bp A+T-rich region of S. c. cynthia contains non-repetitive sequences, but harbors several features common to the Bombycidea insects, including the motif ATAGA followed by a poly-T stretch of 19 bp, a microsatellite-like (AT)7 element preceded by the ATTTA motif, and a poly-A element upstream tRNAMet. The phylogenetic analyses support the morphology-based current hypothesis that Bombycidae and Saturniidae are monophyletic. Our result confirms that Saturniini and Attacini form a reciprocal monophyletic group within Saturniidae.
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20
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Briscoe AG, Goodacre S, Masta SE, Taylor MI, Arnedo MA, Penney D, Kenny J, Creer S. Can long-range PCR be used to amplify genetically divergent mitochondrial genomes for comparative phylogenetics? A case study within spiders (Arthropoda: Araneae). PLoS One 2013; 8:e62404. [PMID: 23667474 PMCID: PMC3648539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of second generation sequencing technology has resulted in the rapid production of large volumes of sequence data for relatively little cost, thereby substantially increasing the quantity of data available for phylogenetic studies. Despite these technological advances, assembling longer sequences, such as that of entire mitochondrial genomes, has not been straightforward. Existing studies have been limited to using only incomplete or nominally intra-specific datasets resulting in a bottleneck between mitogenome amplification and downstream high-throughput sequencing. Here we assess the effectiveness of a wide range of targeted long-range PCR strategies, encapsulating single and dual fragment primer design approaches to provide full mitogenomic coverage within the Araneae (Spiders). Despite extensive rounds of optimisation, full mitochondrial genome PCR amplifications were stochastic in most taxa, although 454 Roche sequencing confirmed the successful amplification of 10 mitochondrial genomes out of the 33 trialled species. The low success rates of amplification using long-Range PCR highlights the difficulties in consistently obtaining genomic amplifications using currently available DNA polymerases optimised for large genomic amplifications and suggests that there may be opportunities for the use of alternative amplification methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. Briscoe
- Environment Centre Wales Building, Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Goodacre
- Institute of Genetics, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Susan E. Masta
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Martin I. Taylor
- Environment Centre Wales Building, Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Miquel A. Arnedo
- Departament Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Penney
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - John Kenny
- Centre for Genomic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Creer
- Environment Centre Wales Building, Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
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Chai HN, Du YZ. The complete mitochondrial genome of the pink stem borer, Sesamia inferens, in comparison with four other Noctuid moths. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:10236-10256. [PMID: 22949858 PMCID: PMC3431856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130810236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete 15,413-bp mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Sesamia inferens (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was sequenced and compared with those of four other noctuid moths. All of the mitogenomes analyzed displayed similar characteristics with respect to gene content, genome organization, nucleotide comparison, and codon usages. Twelve-one protein-coding genes (PCGs) utilized the standard ATN, but the cox1 gene used CGA as the initiation codon; cox1, cox2, and nad4 genes had the truncated termination codon T in the S. inferens mitogenome. All of the tRNA genes had typical cloverleaf secondary structures except for trnS1(AGN), in which the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm did not form a stable stem-loop structure. Both the secondary structures of rrnL and rrnS genes inferred from the S. inferens mitogenome closely resembled those of other noctuid moths. In the A+T-rich region, the conserved motif "ATAGA" followed by a long T-stretch was observed in all noctuid moths, but other specific tandem-repeat elements were more variable. Additionally, the S. inferens mitogenome contained a potential stem-loop structure, a duplicated 17-bp repeat element, a decuplicated segment, and a microsatellite "(AT)(7)", without a poly-A element upstream of the trnM in the A+T-rich region. Finally, the phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed based on amino acid sequences of mitochondrial 13 PCGs, which support the traditional morphologically based view of relationships within the Noctuidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Na Chai
- Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; E-Mails:
| | - Yu-Zhou Du
- Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; E-Mails:
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Ma K, Feng J, Lin J, Li J. The complete mitochondrial genome of Macrobrachium nipponense. Gene 2011; 487:160-5. [PMID: 21827838 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2011] [Revised: 06/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence plays an important role in the accurate determination of phylogenetic relationships among metazoans. Herein, we determined the complete mt genome sequence, structure and organization of Macrobrachium nipponense (M. nipponense) (GenBank ID: NC_015073.1) and compared it to that of Macrobrachium lanchesteri (M. lanchesteri) and Macrobrachium rosenbergii (M. rosenbergii). The 15,806 base pair (bp) M. nipponense mt genome, which is comprised of 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), is slightly larger than that of M. lanchesteri (15,694bp, GenBank ID: NC_012217.1) and M. rosenbergii (15,772bp, GenBank ID: NC_006880.1). The M. nipponense genome contains a high AT content (66.0%), which is a common feature among metazoan mt genomes. Compared with M. lanchesteri and M. rosenbergii, we found a peculiar non-coding region of 950bp with a microsatellite-like (TA)(6) element and many hairpin structures. The 13 PCGs are comprised of a total of 3707 codons, excluding incomplete termination codons, and the most frequently used amino acid is Leu (16.0%). The predicted start codons in the M. nipponense mt genome include ATG, ATC and ATA. Seven PCGs use TAA as a stop codon, whereas two use TAG, three use T and only one uses TA. Twenty-three of the genes are encoded on the L strand, and ND1, ND4, ND5, ND4L, 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, tRNA(His), tRNA(Pro), tRNA(Phe), tRNA(Val), tRNA(Gln), tRNA(Cys), tRNA(Tyr) and a tRNA(Leu) are encoded on the H strand. The two rRNAs of M. nipponense and M. rosenbergii are encoded on the H strand, whereas the M. lanchesteri rRNAs are encoded on the L stand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, China.
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Yin J, Hong GY, Wang AM, Cao YZ, Wei ZJ. Mitochondrial genome of the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and comparison with other Lepidopterans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 21:160-9. [PMID: 20958224 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2010.503242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We present the complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera. The 15,347-bp mitogenome of H. armigera was arranged in the same order described for all other sequenced lepidopterans, which differs from the most common type found in insects, due to the movement of trnM to a position 5'-upstream of trnI. The gene overlap in the H. armigera mitogenome is totally 23 bp in six locations. The H. armigera mitogenome has a total of 175 bp of intergenic spacer sequences spread over 14 regions ranging in size from 1 to 45 bp. The nucleotide composition of the whole mitogenome of H. armigera is highly A+T biased, accounting for 80.97%, with a slightly positive AT skewness and negative GC skewness, indicating the occurrence of more A than T, C more than G. The protein-encoding genes have typical mitochondrial start codons, except for cox1, which contains the unusual CGA. The cox1, cox2, and nad4 genes have incomplete stop codons (T). The lrRNA and srRNA genes are 1395 and 794-bp long, respectively. All tRNAs have a typical cloverleaf structure of mitochondrial tRNAs, except for trnS1(AGN), the dihydrouridine arm of which could not form a stable stem-loop structure. The H. armigera A+T-rich region contains a conserved structure combining the motif ATAGA and a 19-bp poly-T stretch, but absence of the 9-bp poly-A element upstream of trnM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Kilpert F, Podsiadlowski L. The mitochondrial genome of the Japanese skeleton shrimpCaprella mutica(Amphipoda: Caprellidea) reveals a unique gene order and shared apomorphic translocations with Gammaridea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 21:77-86. [DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2010.490832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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25
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Liao F, Wang L, Wu S, Li YP, Zhao L, Huang GM, Niu CJ, Liu YQ, Li MG. The complete mitochondrial genome of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). Int J Biol Sci 2010; 6:172-86. [PMID: 20376208 PMCID: PMC2850540 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.6.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) was determined. The genome is a circular molecule 15 481 bp long. It presents a typical gene organization and order for completely sequenced lepidopteran mitogenomes, but differs from the insect ancestral type for the placement of tRNA(Met). The nucleotide composition of the genome is also highly A + T biased, accounting for 80.38%, with a slightly positive AT skewness (0.010), indicating the occurrence of more As than Ts, as found in the Noctuoidea species. All protein-coding genes (PCGs) are initiated by ATN codons, except for COI, which is tentatively designated by the CGA codon as observed in other lepidopterans. Four of 13 PCGs harbor the incomplete termination codon, T or TA. All tRNAs have a typical clover-leaf structure of mitochondrial tRNAs, except for tRNA(Ser)(AGN), the DHU arm of which could not form a stable stem-loop structure. The intergenic spacer sequence between tRNA(Ser)(AGN) and ND1 also contains the ATACTAA motif, which is conserved across the Lepidoptera order. The H. cunea A+T-rich region of 357 bp is comprised of non-repetitive sequences, but harbors several features common to the Lepidoptera insects, including the motif ATAGA followed by an 18 bp poly-T stretch, a microsatellite-like (AT)(8) element preceded by the ATTTA motif, an 11 bp poly-A present immediately upstream tRNA(Met). The phylogenetic analyses support the view that the H. cunea is closerly related to the Lymantria dispar than Ochrogaster lunifer, and support the hypothesis that Noctuoidea (H. cunea, L. dispar, and O. lunifer) and Geometroidea (Phthonandria atrilineata) are monophyletic. However, in the phylogenetic trees based on mitogenome sequences among the lepidopteran superfamilies, Papillonoidea (Artogeia melete, Acraea issoria, and Coreana raphaelis) joined basally within the monophyly of Lepidoptera, which is different to the traditional classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liao
- 1. College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Fahrein K, Masta SE, Podsiadlowski L. The first complete mitochondrial genome sequences of Amblypygi (Chelicerata: Arachnida) reveal conservation of the ancestral arthropod gene order. Genome 2009; 52:456-66. [PMID: 19448726 DOI: 10.1139/g09-023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Amblypygi (whip spiders) are terrestrial chelicerates inhabiting the subtropics and tropics. In morphological and rRNA-based phylogenetic analyses, Amblypygi cluster with Uropygi (whip scorpions) and Araneae (spiders) to form the taxon Tetrapulmonata, but there is controversy regarding the interrelationship of these three taxa. Mitochondrial genomes provide an additional large data set of phylogenetic information (sequences, gene order, RNA secondary structure), but in arachnids, mitochondrial genome data are missing for some of the major orders. In the course of an ongoing project concerning arachnid mitochondrial genomics, we present the first two complete mitochondrial genomes from Amblypygi. Both genomes were found to be typical circular duplex DNA molecules with all 37 genes usually present in bilaterian mitochondrial genomes. In both species, gene order is identical to that of Limulus polyphemus (Xiphosura), which is assumed to reflect the putative arthropod ground pattern. All tRNA gene sequences have the potential to fold into structures that are typical of metazoan mitochondrial tRNAs, except for tRNA-Ala, which lacks the D arm in both amblypygids, suggesting the loss of this feature early in amblypygid evolution. Phylogenetic analysis resulted in weak support for Uropygi being the sister group of Amblypygi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Fahrein
- Department of Biology, Koenigin-Luise-Str 1-3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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Hong G, Jiang S, Yu M, Yang Y, Li F, Xue F, Wei Z. The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the cabbage butterfly, Artogeia melete (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2009; 41:446-55. [PMID: 19499147 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmp030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Artogeia melete was determined as being composed of 15,140 bp, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and one control region. The gene order of A. melete mitogenome is typical of Lepidoptera and differs from the insect ancestral type in the location of trnM. The A. melete mitogenome has a total of 119 bp of intergenic spacer sequences spread over 10 regions, ranging in sizes between 1 and 48 bp. The nucleotide composition of the A. melete mitogenome is also biased toward A 1 T nucleotides (79.77%), which is higher than that of Ochrogaster lunifer (77.84%), but lower than nine other lepidopterans sequenced. The PCGs have typical mitochondrial start codons, except for cox1, which contains the unusual CGA. The cox1, cox2, nad2, and nad5 genes of the A. melete mitogenome have incomplete stop codons (T). The A. melete A 1 T-rich region contains some conserved structures that are similar to those found in other lepidopteran mitogenomes, including a structure combining the motif ATAGA, a 19-bp poly(T) stretch, a microsatellite (AT)n element, and a 9-bp poly(A) upstream trnM. The A. melete mitogenome contains a duplicated 36-bp repeat element, which consists of a 26- bp core sequence flanked by 10-bp perfectly inverted repeats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyun Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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Jiang ST, Hong GY, Yu M, Li N, Yang Y, Liu YQ, Wei ZJ. Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of the giant silkworm moth, Eriogyna pyretorum (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Int J Biol Sci 2009; 5:351-65. [PMID: 19471586 PMCID: PMC2686093 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.5.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Eriogyna pyretorum (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) was determined as being composed of 15,327 base pairs (bp), including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and a control region. The arrangement of the PCGs is the same as that found in the other sequenced lepidopteran. The AT skewness for the E. pyretorum mitogenome is slightly negative (-0.031), indicating the occurrence of more Ts than As. The nucleotide composition of the E. pyretorum mitogenome is also biased toward A + T nucleotides (80.82%). All PCGs are initiated by ATN codons, except for cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and 2 (cox1 and cox2). Two of the 13 PCGs harbor the incomplete termination codon by T. All tRNA genes have a typical clover-leaf structure of mitochondrial tRNA, with the exception of trnS1(AGN) and trnS2(UCN). Phylogenetic analysis among the available lepidopteran species supports the current morphology-based hypothesis that Bombycoidea, Geometroidea, Notodontidea, Papilionoidea and Pyraloidea are monophyletic. As has been previously suggested, Bombycidae (Bombyx mori and Bombyx mandarina), Sphingoidae (Manduca sexta) and Saturniidae (Antheraea pernyi, Antheraea yamamai, E. pyretorum and Caligula boisduvalii) formed a group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Tong Jiang
- 1. Department of Biotechnology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Yun Hong
- 1. Department of Biotechnology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
- 2. Department of Environmental engineering, Anhui University of Architecture, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Yu
- 1. Department of Biotechnology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- 1. Department of Biotechnology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yang
- 1. Department of Biotechnology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
- 2. Department of Environmental engineering, Anhui University of Architecture, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Qun Liu
- 3. Department of Sericulture, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- 1. Department of Biotechnology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
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Sequence analysis of a few species of termites (Order: Isoptera) on the basis of partial characterization of COII gene. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 331:145-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0152-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhou Z, Shi F, Huang Y. The complete mitogenome of the Chinese bush cricket, Gampsocleis gratiosa (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea). J Genet Genomics 2009; 35:341-8. [PMID: 18571122 DOI: 10.1016/s1673-8527(08)60050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2008] [Revised: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Gampsocleis gratiosa was determined. The 15,929 bp in the size of G. gratiosa mitogenome contains a typical gene content, base composition, and codon usage found in metazoan. All 13 protein coding genes (PCGs) of the G. gratiosa mitogenome start with a typical ATN codon. The usual termination codons (TAA and TAG) were found from 10 PCGs. However, the atp6, nad4, and nad5 had incomplete termination codon (T). The anticodons of all tRNAs are identical to those observed in Drosophila yakuba and Locusta migratoria, and can be folded in the form of a typical clover leaf structure except for trnS (AGN). The secondary structure of trnS (AGN) was drawn according with the Steinberg-Cedergren tertiary structure. The A+T content (67.4%) of the A+T-rich region is relatively lower among the mitogenome regions, in contrast, it usually contains the highest A+T content for most insects. Two isolated sequence repeat regions (202 bp) were found in the A+T-rich region with mapping and secondary structure information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Zhou
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Swafford L, Bond JE. The symbiotic mites of some Appalachian Xystodesmidae (Diplopoda:Polydesmida) and the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the mite Stylochyrus rarior (Berlese) (Acari:Mesostigmata:Ologamasidae). INVERTEBR SYST 2009. [DOI: 10.1071/is09036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Millipedes of the family Xystodesmidae (Polydesmida) are often host to several symbiotic mite species, but very little work has been done to identify these acarines or to understand their relationship to the millipedes. In an attempt to better understand these associations, mites found on xystodesmid millipedes, a group for which a species phylogeny has been proposed, were collected in the Appalachian Mountains of Kentucky, Virginia, Tennessee and North Carolina. Mites in the genera Stylochyrus Canestrini & Canestrini, 1882 (Mesostigmata: Ologamasidae) and Schwiebea Oudemans, 1916 (Sarcoptiformes: Acaridae) were prevalent among millipedes in the genera Apheloria Chamberlin, 1921, Appalachioria Marek & Bond, 2006, Boraria Chamberlin, 1943, Brachoria Chamberlin, 1939, Dixioria Chamberlin, 1947, Nannaria Chamberlin, 1918, Pleuroloma Rafinesque, 1820, Prionogonus Shelley, 1982, Rudiloria Causey, 1955 and Sigmoria Chamberlin, 1939. Of the mite taxa collected, the species Stylochyrus rarior (Berlese, 1916) was found on the greatest number of sampled millipede taxa. To enhance future coevolutionary studies of xystodesmid millipedes and their mite symbionts, the complete mitochondrial genome of S. rarior associated with the millipede genus Apheloria (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae) was sequenced. The genome is 14 899 nucleotides in length, has all the typical genes of an arthropod mitochondrion, differs in gene arrangement from that of the ancestral arthropod, and has a gene order that is unique among mites and ticks. The major difference in S. rarior is the placement of the protein-coding gene nad1, which is positioned between the rRNA gene 12S and the protein-coding gene nad2 (tRNA genes and non-coding regions excluded). There are also two non-coding control regions within this mitochondrial genome.
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Abdel-Rahman MA, Omran MAA, Abdel-Nabi IM, Ueda H, McVean A. Intraspecific variation in the Egyptian scorpion Scorpio maurus palmatus venom collected from different biotopes. Toxicon 2008; 53:349-59. [PMID: 19103215 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2008] [Revised: 10/26/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to explore the following hypotheses: (i) do scorpions (Scorpio maurus palmatus) from different biotopes exhibit intraspecific diversity in their venom? (ii) if so, is this variation associated with ecological or genetic factors, geographical distance, and/or multiple interrelated parameters? To address these questions, scorpions were collected from four geographically isolated localities in Egypt. Three of these locations are from mutually isolated pockets in the arid biotope of Southern Sinai (Wadi Sahab, El-Agramia and Rahaba plains). The fourth population was sampled from the semiarid biotope of Western Mediterranean Costal Desert (WMCD). Using reducing gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), we have shown biotope-specific variation in the expression of peptides from scorpions collected from these distinct areas. WMCD sourced venom samples contain higher molecular weight protein components (219, 200, 170, 139, 116 kDa) than Southern Sinai scorpion venom samples. The Southern Sinai venom is characterized by the presence of 11 protein bands (93-0.58 kDa) that are not mirrored in the individual venom samples of WMCD. Bands of 33 and 3.4 kDa were characteristics of all individual venom samples of the scorpion populations. Even within Southern Sinai area, Sahab venom contains five fractions that are not detected in both El-Agramia and Rahaba venom samples. Moreover, male and female venom analysis revealed some sex-related proteomic similarities and differences between scorpion populations. Female venom appears to be more complicated than the male venom. Female venom samples showed bands of 219, 200, 77.5, 55.5, 45, 39, 37, 24 and 16 kDa which were absent in the male venom. The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used to estimate the genetic distance between the four scorpion populations. The RAPD data confirmed the genetic diversity at molecular level among the sampled populations. More than 77 RAPD bands (ranging in size from 125 to 15,000 bp) were defined from the four scorpion populations. Of the 77 bands, 57 (76.2%) were polymorphic and 20 were monomorphic among the populations. The similarity coefficient data of venom and DNA were used to construct separate dendrograms, which grouped together the Southern Sinai populations and these were some distance away from the WMCD population. Taken together, we suspect that a combination of local environmental conditions, geographical separation and genetic separation may play a major role in the intraspecific variation of venom of S. m. palmatus.
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Peregrino-Uriarte AB, Varela-Romero A, Muhlia-Almazán A, Anduro-Corona I, Vega-Heredia S, Gutiérrez-Millán LE, De la Rosa-Vélez J, Yepiz-Plascencia G. The complete mitochondrial genomes of the yellowleg shrimp Farfantepenaeus californiensis and the blue shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris (Crustacea: Decapoda). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2008; 4:45-53. [PMID: 20403743 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2008.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Revised: 10/26/2008] [Accepted: 10/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play key roles in many cellular processes. Description of penaeid shrimp genes, including mitochondrial genomes are fairly recent and some are focusing on commercially important shrimp as the Pacific shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei that is being used for aquaculture not only in America, but also in Asia. Much less is known about other Pacific shrimp such as the yellowleg shrimp Farfantepenaeus californiensis and the blue shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris. We report the complete mitogenomes from these last two Pacific shrimp species. Long DNA fragments were obtained by PCR and then used to get internal fragments for sequencing. The complete F. californiensis and L. stylirostris mtDNAs are 15,975 and 15,988 bp long, containing the 37 common sequences and a control region of 990 and 999 bp, respectively. The gene order is identical to that of the tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. Secondary structures for the 22 tRNAs are proposed and phylogenetic relationships for selected complete crustacean mitogenomes are included. Phylogenomic relationships among five shrimp show strong statistical support for the monophyly of the genus across the analysis. Litopenaeus species define a clade, with close relationship to Farfantepenaeus, and both clade with the sister group of Penaeus and Fenneropenaeus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma B Peregrino-Uriarte
- Aquatic Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera a la Victoria Km 0.6. PO Box 1735, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, México
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Sheffield NC, Song H, Cameron SL, Whiting MF. A comparative analysis of mitochondrial genomes in Coleoptera (Arthropoda: Insecta) and genome descriptions of six new beetles. Mol Biol Evol 2008; 25:2499-509. [PMID: 18779259 PMCID: PMC2568038 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msn198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coleoptera is the most diverse group of insects with over 360,000 described species divided into four suborders: Adephaga, Archostemata, Myxophaga, and Polyphaga. In this study, we present six new complete mitochondrial genome (mtgenome) descriptions, including a representative of each suborder, and analyze the evolution of mtgenomes from a comparative framework using all available coleopteran mtgenomes. We propose a modification of atypical cox1 start codons based on sequence alignment to better reflect the conservation observed across species as well as findings of TTG start codons in other genes. We also analyze tRNA-Ser(AGN) anticodons, usually GCU in arthropods, and report a conserved UCU anticodon as a possible synapomorphy across Polyphaga. We further analyze the secondary structure of tRNA-Ser(AGN) and present a consensus structure and an updated covariance model that allows tRNAscan-SE (via the COVE software package) to locate and fold these atypical tRNAs with much greater consistency. We also report secondary structure predictions for both rRNA genes based on conserved stems. All six species of beetle have the same gene order as the ancestral insect. We report noncoding DNA regions, including a small gap region of about 20 bp between tRNA-Ser(UCN) and nad1 that is present in all six genomes, and present results of a base composition analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Sheffield
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, USA.
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Oliveira MT, Barau JG, Junqueira ACM, Feijão PC, Rosa ACD, Abreu CF, Azeredo-Espin AML, Lessinger AC. Structure and evolution of the mitochondrial genomes of Haematobia irritans and Stomoxys calcitrans: The Muscidae (Diptera: Calyptratae) perspective. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2008; 48:850-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2007] [Revised: 05/16/2008] [Accepted: 05/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Yang L, Wei ZJ, Hong GY, Jiang ST, Wen LP. The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of Phthonandria atrilineata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Mol Biol Rep 2008; 36:1441-9. [PMID: 18696255 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-008-9334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Using long-polymerase chain reaction (Long-PCR) method, we determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Phthonandria atrilineata. The complete mtDNA from P. atrilineata was 15,499 base pairs in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and a control region. The P. atrilineata genes were in the same order and orientation as the completely sequenced mitogenomes of other lepidopteran species. The nucleotide composition of P. atrilineata mitogenome was biased toward A + T nucleotides (81.02%), and the 13 PCGs show different A + T contents that range from 73.25% (cox1) to 92.12% (atp8). Phthonandria had the canonical set of 22 tRNA genes, that fold in the typical cloverleaf structure described for metazoan mt tRNAs, with the unique exception of trnS(AGN). The phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed with the concatenated sequences of the 13 PCGs of the mitochondrial genome, which confirmed that P. atrilineata is most closely related to the superfamily Bombycoidea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China
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Lee ES, Shin KS, Kim MS, Park H, Cho S, Kim CB. The mitochondrial genome of the smaller tea tortrix Adoxophyes honmai (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Gene 2006; 373:52-7. [PMID: 16488090 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2006.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2005] [Revised: 11/24/2005] [Accepted: 01/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Almost complete mitochondrial genome from a representative of an insect order Lepidoptera, the smaller tea tortrix Adoxophyes honmai was determined. The 15,680 bp long A. honmai genome encodes 13 putative proteins, two ribosomal RNAs and 22 tRNAs. The nucleotide sequences of A. honmai mitochondrial DNA have been compared with those of five species from the Lepidoptera and insects in the other orders that are available in the databases. The orientation and gene order of A. honmai is almost same to that of other insects with a few minor exceptions in the order of tRNAs and distribution of non-coding regions. Nucleotide composition, amino acid composition and codon usage are in the range of values estimated from other insect mitogenomes. In AT rich region of A. honmai, tandem reiterations are observed with repeats of TAA. In a preliminary phylogenetic analysis based on the concatenated 7 protein coding genes, A. honmai, an apoditrysian tortricid moth joined basally within the monophyly of Lepidoptera, supporting its relationship with other more derived species including obtectomeran Ostrinia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Seung Lee
- Department of Plant Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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Hypsa V. Parasite histories and novel phylogenetic tools: Alternative approaches to inferring parasite evolution from molecular markers. Int J Parasitol 2006; 36:141-55. [PMID: 16387305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2005] [Revised: 10/19/2005] [Accepted: 10/28/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Parasitological research is often contingent on the knowledge of the phylogeny/genealogy of the studied group. Although molecular phylogenetics has proved to be a powerful tool in such investigations, its application in the traditional fashion, based on a tree inference from the primary nucleotide sequences may, in many cases, be insufficient or even improper. These limitations are due to a number of factors, such as a scarcity/ambiguity of phylogenetic information in the sequences, an intricacy of gene relationships at low phylogenetic levels, or a lack of criteria when deciding among several competing coevolutionary scenarios. With respect to the importance of a precise and reliable phylogenetic background in many biological studies, attempts are being made to extend molecular phylogenetics with a variety of new data sources and methodologies. In this review, selected approaches potentially applicable to parasitological research are presented and their advantages as well as drawbacks are discussed. These issues include the usage of idiosyncratic markers (unique features with presumably low probability of homoplasy), such as insertion of mobile elements, gene rearrangements and secondary structure features; the problem of ancestral polymorphism and reticulate relationships at low phylogenetic levels; and the utility of a molecular clock to facilitate discrimination among alternative scenarios in host-parasite coevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Hypsa
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of South Bohemia, and Institute of Parasitology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branisovská 31, 37005 Ceské Budejovice, Czech Republic.
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BARAU JOANGRANDE, DE AZEREDO-ESPIN ANAMARIALIMA, LESSINGER ANACLAUDIA. Conservation and versatility of a new set of primers for long-PCR amplification of complete insect mitochondrial genomes based on Haematobia irritans mtDNA sequences. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01103.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Maynard BT, Kerr LJ, McKiernan JM, Jansen ES, Hanna PJ. Mitochondrial DNA sequence and gene organization in the [corrected] Australian blacklip [corrected] abalone Haliotis rubra (leach). MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2005; 7:645-58. [PMID: 16206015 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-005-0013-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2005] [Accepted: 04/07/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial DNA of the blacklip abalone Haliotis rubra (Gastropoda: Mollusca) was cloned and 16,907 base pairs were sequenced. The sequence represents an estimated 99.85% of the mitochondrial genome, and contains 2 ribosomal RNA, 22 transfer RNA, and 13 protein-coding genes found in other metazoan mtDNA. An AT tandem repeat and a possible C-rich domain within the putative control region could not be fully sequenced. The H. rubra mtDNA gene order is novel for mollusks, separated from the black chiton Katharina tunicata by the individual translocations of 3 tRNAs. Compared with other mtDNA regions, sequences from the ATP8, NAD2, NAD4L, NAD6, and 12S rRNA genes, as well as the control region, are the most variable among representatives from Mollusca, Arthropoda, and Rhynchonelliformea, with similar mtDNA arrangements to H. rubra. These sequences are being evaluated as genetic markers within commercially important Haliotis species, and some applications and considerations for their use are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben T Maynard
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3217, Australia
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41
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Dávila S, Piñero D, Bustos P, Cevallos MA, Dávila G. The mitochondrial genome sequence of the scorpion Centruroides limpidus (Karsch 1879) (Chelicerata; Arachnida). Gene 2005; 360:92-102. [PMID: 16183216 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2005.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2004] [Revised: 04/15/2005] [Accepted: 06/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial genome of the scorpion Centruroides limpidus (Chelicerata; Arachnida) has been completely sequenced and is 14519 bp long. The genome contains 13 protein-encoding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 21 transfer RNA genes and a large non-coding region related to the control region. The overall A+T composition is the lowest among the complete mitochondrial sequences published within the Chelicerata subphylum. Gene order and gene content differ slightly from that of Limulus polyphemus (Chelicerata: Xiphosura): i.e., the lack of the trnD gene, and the translocation-inversion of the trnI gene. Preliminary phylogenetic analysis of some Chelicerata shows that scorpions (C. limpidus and Mesobuthus gibbosus) make a tight cluster with the spiders (Arachnida; Araneae). Our analysis does not support that Scorpiones order is the sister group to all Arachnida Class, since it is closer to Araneae than to Acari orders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Dávila
- Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas - UNAM, Avenida Universidad, s/n, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62210, Apartado Postal 565-A, Morelos, Mexico
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42
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Benesh DP, Hasu T, Suomalainen LR, Valtonen ET, Tiirola M. Reliability of mitochondrial DNA in an acanthocephalan: the problem of pseudogenes. Int J Parasitol 2005; 36:247-54. [PMID: 16300765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2005] [Revised: 08/31/2005] [Accepted: 09/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The utility of mitochondrial DNA as a molecular marker for evolutionary studies is well recognized. However, several problems can arise when using mitochondrial DNA, one of which is the presence of nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes, or Numts. Pseudogenes of cytochrome oxidase I were preferentially amplified from Acanthocephalus lucii (Acanthocephala) using a universal PCR approach. To verify the presence and abundance of pseudogenes, length heterogeneity analysis of the PCR fragments was performed. PCR products obtained with universal primers often contained fragments of different sizes. Cloned sequences from universal PCR products nearly always contained sequence abnormalities such as indels and/or stop codons. Based on these sequences, new primers were developed to specifically target mitochondrial DNA. Sequences obtained with these specific primers lacked abnormalities. Phylogenetic analysis produced a single most parsimonious tree in which pseudogenes obtained with universal primers grouped together as did putative mitochondrial DNA sequences obtained with specific primers. The pattern of codon bias observed in the pseudogenes suggests a single nuclear integration event from the mitochondria. This is the first reported occurrence of pseudogenes in an acanthocephalan, and it demonstrates the potential dangers associated with the use of universal primers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Benesh
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, POB 35, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland.
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43
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Cook CE, Yue Q, Akam M. Mitochondrial genomes suggest that hexapods and crustaceans are mutually paraphyletic. Proc Biol Sci 2005; 272:1295-304. [PMID: 16024395 PMCID: PMC1564108 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2004.3042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For over a century the relationships between the four major groups of the phylum Arthropoda (Chelicerata, Crustacea, Hexapoda and Myriapoda) have been debated. Recent molecular evidence has confirmed a close relationship between the Crustacea and the Hexapoda, and has included the suggestion of a paraphyletic Hexapoda. To test this hypothesis we have sequenced the complete or near-complete mitochondrial genomes of three crustaceans (Parhyale hawaiensis, Squilla mantis and Triops longicaudatus), two collembolans (Onychiurus orientalis and Podura aquatica) and the insect Thermobia domestica. We observed rearrangement of transfer RNA genes only in O. orientalis, P. aquatica and P. hawaiensis. Of these, only the rearrangement in O. orientalis, an apparent autapomorphy for the collembolan family Onychiuridae, was phylogenetically informative.We aligned the nuclear and amino acid sequences from the mitochondrial protein-encoding genes of these taxa with their homologues from other arthropod taxa for phylogenetic analysis. Our dataset contains many more Crustacea than previous molecular phylogenetic analyses of the arthropods. Neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and Bayesian posterior probabilities all suggest that crustaceans and hexapods are mutually paraphyletic. A crustacean clade of Malacostraca and Branchiopoda emerges as sister to the Insecta sensu stricto and the Collembola group with the maxillopod crustaceans. Some, but not all, analyses strongly support this mutual paraphyly but statistical tests do not reject the null hypotheses of a monophyletic Hexapoda or a monophyletic Crustacea. The dual monophyly of the Hexapoda and Crustacea has rarely been questioned in recent years but the idea of both groups' paraphyly dates back to the nineteenth century. We suggest that the mutual paraphyly of both groups should seriously be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Cook
- Department and Museum of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
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Qiu Y, Song D, Zhou K, Sun H. The mitochondrial sequences of Heptathela hangzhouensis and Ornithoctonus huwena reveal unique gene arrangements and atypical tRNAs. J Mol Evol 2005; 60:57-71. [PMID: 15696368 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-004-0010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2004] [Accepted: 07/29/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes of the spiders Heptathela hangzhouensis and Ornithoctonus huwena. Both genomes encode 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 2 ribosomal RNA genes. H. hangzhouensis, a species of the suborder Mesothelae and a representative of the most basal clade of Araneae, possesses a gene order identical to that of Limulus polyphemus of Xiphosura. On the other hand, O. huwena, a representative of suborder Opisthothelae, infraorder Mygalomorphae, was found to have seven tRNA genes positioned differently from those of Limulus. The rrnL-trnL1-nad1 arrangement shared by the araneomorph families Salticidae, Nesticidae, and Linyphiidae and the mygalomorph family Theraphosidae is a putative synapomorphy joining the mygalomorph with the araneomorph. Between the two species examined, base compositions also differ significantly. The lengths of most protein-coding genes in H. hangzhouensis and O. huwena mtDNA are either identical to or slightly shorter than their Limulus counterparts. Usage of initiation and termination codons in these protein-coding genes seems to follow patterns conserved among most arthropod and some other metazoan mitochondrial genomes. The sequences of the 3' ends of rrnS and rrnL in the two species are similar to those reported for Limulus, and the entire genes are shortened by about 100-250 nucleotides with respect to Limulus. The lengths of most tRNA genes from the two species are distinctly shorter than those of Limulus and the sequences reveal unusual inferred tRNA secondary structures. Our finding provides new molecular evidence supporting that the suborder Mesothelae is basal to opisthothelids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Lab for Bioresource Technology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, PR China
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45
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Yamauchi MM, Miya MU, Machida RJ, Nishida M. PCR-based approach for sequencing mitochondrial genomes of decapod crustaceans, with a practical example from kuruma prawn (Marsupenaeus japonicus). MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2004; 6:419-429. [PMID: 15791487 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-003-0036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2003] [Accepted: 10/30/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An approach for sequencing the entire mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of decapod crustaceans using 79 newly designed and 7 published polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers is described. The approach comprises the following steps: (1) the entire mitogenome is amplified in 2 or 3 long PCRs; (2) the 86 primers are used in different combinations to amplify contiguous, overlapping short segments of the entire mitogenome with the diluted long PCR products as templates; (3) direct cycle sequencing is conducted using the short PCR products. This strategy allows a more rapid determination of decapod mitogenomic sequences than a traditional method using cloned mitochondrial DNA and primer walking strategy. As a practical example, the mitogenomic sequence for a kuruma prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus (Crustacea: Decapoda), was determined using the PCR-based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsugu M Yamauchi
- Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, 1-15-1 Minamidai, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-8639, Japan.
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Yamauchi MM, Miya MU, Nishida M. Use of a PCR-based approach for sequencing whole mitochondrial genomes of insects: two examples (cockroach and dragonfly) based on the method developed for decapod crustaceans. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2004; 13:435-442. [PMID: 15271216 DOI: 10.1111/j.0962-1075.2004.00505.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent development of a PCR-based approach for sequencing vertebrate mitochondrial genomes has attracted much attention as being more rapid and economical than traditional methods using cloned mtDNA and primer walking. Such a method has not been available for insect mitochondrial genomes, despite widespread use of them for the molecular phylogenetic, biogeographical and population genetic markers. A recently developed PCR-based approach for sequencing whole mitochondrial genomes of decapod crustaceans, which included the design of many versatile PCR primers for the latter, was applied with the same primers sets to mitochondrial genomes of two insects, smoky-brown cockroach Periplaneta fuliginosa (Serville, 1839) and skimmer dragonfly Orthetrum triangulare melania (Selys, 1883). Almost the entire region of the two mitochondrial genomes was successfully sequenced. Features of the two mitochondrial genomes are described and the usefulness of this PCR-based approach for sequencing insect mitochondrial genomes demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Yamauchi
- Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Minamidai, Nakano-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Friedrich M, Muqim N. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of the flour beetle Tribolium castanaeum. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2003; 26:502-12. [PMID: 12644407 DOI: 10.1016/s1055-7903(02)00335-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We describe the first complete mitochondrial genome sequence from a representative of the insect order Coleoptera, the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. The 15,881 bp long Tribolium mitochondrial genome encodes 13 putative proteins, two ribosomal RNAs and 22 tRNAs canonical for animal mitochondrial genomes. Their arrangement is identical to that in Drosophila melanogaster, which is considered ancestral for insects and crustaceans (Boore et al., 1998; Hwang, et al., 2001a). Nucleotide composition, amino acid composition, and codon usage fall within the range of values observed in other insect mitochondrial genomes. Most notable features are the use of TCT as tRNA(Ser(AGN)) anticodon instead of GCT, which is used in most other arthropod species, and the relative scarcity of special sequence motifs in the 1431 bp long control region. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed resolving power in the conserved regions of the mitochondrial proteome regarding diversification events, which predate the emergence of pterygote insects, while little resolution was obtained at the level of basal perygote diversification. The partition of faster evolving amino acid sites harbored strong support for joining Lepidoptera with Diptera, which is consistent with a monophyletic Mecopterida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Friedrich
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, 5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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Current Awareness on Comparative and Functional Genomics. Comp Funct Genomics 2001. [PMCID: PMC2447222 DOI: 10.1002/cfg.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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