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Chakraborty P, Ghatak S, Chenkual S, Pachuau L, Zohmingthanga J, Bawihtlung Z, Khenglawt L, Pautu JL, Maitra A, Chhakchhuak L, Kumar NS. Panel of significant risk factors predicts early stage gastric cancer and indication of poor prognostic association with pathogens and microsatellite stability. Genes Environ 2021; 43:3. [PMID: 33568233 PMCID: PMC7877109 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-021-00174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are very few studies covering the epidemiological risk factors associated with Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) and Microsatellite stability for Gastric Cancer (GC) cases. Early diagnosis of GC through epidemiological risk factors is very necessary for the clinical assessment of GC. The aim of this study was to find out the major risk factors to predict GC in early stage and the impact of pathogen infection and MSI on survival rate of patients. GC samples were screened for Helicobacter pylori, Epstein Barr Virus, and Mismatch repair (MMR) gene status (microsatellite stable or instable). Chi-square and logistic regression analysis of Odd ratio and 95% confidence interval (OR, 95% CI) were performed to find out the association between epidemiological factors and the risk of gastric cancer. The pathogen and MMR gene status were analysed to predict their effect on overall survival and the risk score and hazard ratio was calculated for prognostic assessment. RESULTS Excess body weight, consumption of extra salt, smoked food, alcohol, and smoking were the major risk factors for GC development. This study achieved a high area under the curve (AUC 0.94) for the probable GC patients in early-stage using the five-panel epidemiological risk factors. H. pylori infected cases were significant with smoked food, while EBV was found to be associated with tuibur intake and smoked food. In overall survival analysis EBV infected and microsatellite stable (HR: 1.32 and 1.34 respectively) GC cases were showing poor prognosis. CONCLUSION This study might provide new opportunities for personalized treatment options using this epidemiological factor risk score and clinicopathological factors assessment for early detection and prognosis in high-risk GC populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payel Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | - Souvik Ghatak
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | - Saia Chenkual
- Department of Surgery, Civil Hospital Aizawl, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796001, India
| | - Lalawmpuii Pachuau
- Department of Pathology, Civil Hospital Aizawl, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796001, India
| | - John Zohmingthanga
- Department of Pathology, Civil Hospital Aizawl, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796001, India
| | - Zothankima Bawihtlung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mizoram State Cancer Institute, Zemabawk, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796017, India
| | - Lalfakzuala Khenglawt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mizoram State Cancer Institute, Zemabawk, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796017, India
| | - Jeremy L Pautu
- Department of Oncology, Mizoram State Cancer Institute, Zemabawk, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796017, India
| | - Arindam Maitra
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, P.O. NSS, District Nadia, Kalyani, West Bengal, 741251, India
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Li L, Zhou X, Wang Y. Smokeless tobacco extract inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in oral mucous fibroblasts. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:5066-5074. [PMID: 30250574 PMCID: PMC6144942 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of smokeless tobacco extract (STE) is growing rapidly, and it has been implicated in several human diseases including diabetes, inflammation and a number of types of cancer. The toxicity of STE requires evaluation, as it is known to induce numerous public health issues. To investigate whether STE serves a role in cultured human oral mucosa fibroblasts (hOMFs), the present study examined HOMF morphology with inverted microscopy and immunofluorescence staining. The cell viability was measured with MTT assays, which detected the cell apoptosis rate via flow cytometry. The activities of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were measured via flow cytometry and commercial kits, subsequent to exposing the cells to various concentrations of STE. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses were used to demonstrate that the mRNA and the protein expression levels of cell cycle-associated genes (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 and cyclin D1), apoptosis-associated genes [B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associatied X protein], tumor protein (p53), nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)-transcription factor (p65) signaling pathways, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H: quinoneoxidoreductase1 (NQO1). The results indicated that the hOMF cells were positive for cytokeratin staining. STE induced G1-S cell cycle progression and cell apoptosis by regulating the cell cycle or apoptosis-associated proteins. STE treatment increased the concentrations of ROS and MDA, and decreased the concentrations of SOD and CAT. STE unregulated phosphorylated-p53, NF-κB p65, Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 expression levels in the hOMF cells. The present study demonstrated that STE appears to promote oral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Stomatology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Yanran Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
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Lombard C, Farthing D, Sun J, Fariss MW, McKallip RJ. Reference moist smokeless tobacco-induced apoptosis in human monocytes/macrophages cell line MM6. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 10:1029-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Revised: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Demirci CS, Miller DR, Baillargeon J, Moyer MP, Jenson HB. Smokeless tobacco extracts modulate exogenous gene expression in early passage cultured human oral epithelial cells: an in vitro system to study chemical and viral enhancer/promoter interaction. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2000; 44:527-32. [PMID: 11395331 DOI: 10.1016/s1056-8719(01)00115-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The increased risk for cancers of the oral cavity from smokeless tobacco use may reflect the interaction of tobacco with genetic factors, such as oncogenes, and other exogenous factors, such as viruses. An in vitro system was developed based on expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene to study interactions of chemical treatments with viral enhancer/promoters in early passage cell cultures of oral cavity-derived epithelial cells. Expression of CAT in transfected cells was significantly greater with CAT under the control of the cytomegalovirus immediate early enhancer/promoter (pCEP4/CAT) compared to the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat enhancer/promoter (pRSV-cat) and the simian virus 40 (SV40) early promoter (pSV2-cat). No CAT expression was detected using corresponding control plasmids without the CAT reporter gene. Using this system, smokeless tobacco extracts prepared from either dry snuff or moist snuff delayed maximum CAT expression from Day 4 to Day 5, with sustained, significantly increased CAT expression at 12 days compared to the declining CAT expression observed in untreated control cells. Smokeless tobacco extracts can modulate intracellular gene expression. This system provides an in vitro model to test specificity of toxic agents on enhancer/promoter activity and the interaction on exogenous gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Demirci
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
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