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Zhang Z, Takenaga T, Fehling SK, Igarashi M, Hirokawa T, Muramoto Y, Yamauchi K, Onishi C, Nakano M, Urata S, Groseth A, Strecker T, Noda T. Hexestrol, an estrogen receptor agonist, inhibits Lassa virus entry. J Virol 2024; 98:e0071424. [PMID: 38809021 PMCID: PMC11265444 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00714-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV) is the causative agent of human Lassa fever which in severe cases manifests as hemorrhagic fever leading to thousands of deaths annually. However, no approved vaccines or antiviral drugs are currently available. Recently, we screened approximately 2,500 compounds using a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) expressing LASV glycoprotein GP (VSV-LASVGP) and identified a P-glycoprotein inhibitor as a potential LASV entry inhibitor. Here, we show that another identified candidate, hexestrol (HES), an estrogen receptor agonist, is also a LASV entry inhibitor. HES inhibited VSV-LASVGP replication with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.63 µM. Importantly, HES also inhibited authentic LASV replication with IC50 values of 0.31 µM-0.61 µM. Time-of-addition and cell-based membrane fusion assays suggested that HES inhibits the membrane fusion step during virus entry. Alternative estrogen receptor agonists did not inhibit VSV-LASVGP replication, suggesting that the estrogen receptor itself is unlikely to be involved in the antiviral activity of HES. Generation of a HES-resistant mutant revealed that the phenylalanine at amino acid position 446 (F446) of LASVGP, which is located in the transmembrane region, conferred resistance to HES. Although mutation of F446 enhanced the membrane fusion activity of LASVGP, it exhibited reduced VSV-LASVGP replication, most likely due to the instability of the pre-fusion state of LASVGP. Collectively, our results demonstrated that HES is a promising anti-LASV drug that acts by inhibiting the membrane fusion step of LASV entry. This study also highlights the importance of the LASVGP transmembrane region as a target for anti-LASV drugs.IMPORTANCELassa virus (LASV), the causative agent of Lassa fever, is the most devastating mammarenavirus with respect to its impact on public health in West Africa. However, no approved antiviral drugs or vaccines are currently available. Here, we identified hexestrol (HES), an estrogen receptor agonist, as the potential antiviral candidate drug. We showed that the estrogen receptor itself is not involved in the antiviral activity. HES directly bound to LASVGP and blocked membrane fusion, thereby inhibiting LASV infection. Through the generation of a HES-resistant virus, we found that phenylalanine at position 446 (F446) within the LASVGP transmembrane region plays a crucial role in the antiviral activity of HES. The mutation at F446 caused reduced virus replication, likely due to the instability of the pre-fusion state of LASVGP. These findings highlight the potential of HES as a promising candidate for the development of antiviral compounds targeting LASV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Zhang
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toru Takenaga
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Manabu Igarashi
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Hirokawa
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Division of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukiko Muramoto
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Koji Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Chiho Onishi
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakano
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shuzo Urata
- National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Allison Groseth
- Laboratory for Arenavirus Biology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Thomas Strecker
- Institute of Virology, Phillips University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Takeshi Noda
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
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Shedroff E, Martin ML, Whitmer SLM, Brignone J, Garcia JB, Sen C, Nazar Y, Fabbri C, Morales-Betoulle M, Mendez J, Montgomery J, Morales MA, Klena JD. Novel Oliveros-like Clade C Mammarenaviruses from Rodents in Argentina, 1990-2020. Viruses 2024; 16:340. [PMID: 38543706 PMCID: PMC10976098 DOI: 10.3390/v16030340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Following an Argentine Hemorrhagic Fever (AHF) outbreak in the early 1990s, a rodent survey for Junín virus, a New World Clade B arenavirus, in endemic areas of Argentina was conducted. Since 1990, INEVH has been developing eco-epidemiological surveillance of rodents, inside and outside the Argentine Hemorrhagic Fever endemic area. Samples from rodents captured between 1993 and 2019 that were positive for Arenavirus infection underwent Sanger and unbiased, Illumina-based high-throughput sequencing, which yielded 5 complete and 88 partial Mammarenaviruses genomes. Previously, 11 genomes representing four species of New World arenavirus Clade C existed in public records. This work has generated 13 novel genomes, expanding the New World arenavirus Clade C to 24 total genomes. Additionally, two genomes exhibit sufficient genetic diversity to be considered a new species, as per ICTV guidelines (proposed name Mammarenavirus vellosense). The 13 novel genomes exhibited reassortment between the small and large segments in New World Mammarenaviruses. This work demonstrates that Clade C Mammarenavirus infections circulate broadly among Necromys species in the Argentine Hemorrhagic Fever endemic area; however, the risk for Clade C Mammarenavirus human infection is currently unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Shedroff
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (E.S.); (S.L.M.W.); (M.M.-B.); (J.M.)
| | - Maria Laura Martin
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. Julio I. Maiztegui, Monteagudo 2510, Pergamino 2700, Argentina; (M.L.M.); (J.B.); (J.B.G.); (C.S.); (Y.N.); (C.F.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Shannon L. M. Whitmer
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (E.S.); (S.L.M.W.); (M.M.-B.); (J.M.)
| | - Julia Brignone
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. Julio I. Maiztegui, Monteagudo 2510, Pergamino 2700, Argentina; (M.L.M.); (J.B.); (J.B.G.); (C.S.); (Y.N.); (C.F.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Jorge B. Garcia
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. Julio I. Maiztegui, Monteagudo 2510, Pergamino 2700, Argentina; (M.L.M.); (J.B.); (J.B.G.); (C.S.); (Y.N.); (C.F.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Carina Sen
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. Julio I. Maiztegui, Monteagudo 2510, Pergamino 2700, Argentina; (M.L.M.); (J.B.); (J.B.G.); (C.S.); (Y.N.); (C.F.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Yael Nazar
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. Julio I. Maiztegui, Monteagudo 2510, Pergamino 2700, Argentina; (M.L.M.); (J.B.); (J.B.G.); (C.S.); (Y.N.); (C.F.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Cintia Fabbri
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. Julio I. Maiztegui, Monteagudo 2510, Pergamino 2700, Argentina; (M.L.M.); (J.B.); (J.B.G.); (C.S.); (Y.N.); (C.F.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Maria Morales-Betoulle
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (E.S.); (S.L.M.W.); (M.M.-B.); (J.M.)
| | - Jairo Mendez
- Pan American Health Organization, 525 23rd St. New World, Washington, DC 20037, USA;
| | - Joel Montgomery
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (E.S.); (S.L.M.W.); (M.M.-B.); (J.M.)
| | - Maria Alejandra Morales
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. Julio I. Maiztegui, Monteagudo 2510, Pergamino 2700, Argentina; (M.L.M.); (J.B.); (J.B.G.); (C.S.); (Y.N.); (C.F.); (M.A.M.)
| | - John D. Klena
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (E.S.); (S.L.M.W.); (M.M.-B.); (J.M.)
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Schiffler FB, Pereira AHB, Moreira SB, Arruda IF, Moreira FRR, D’arc M, Claro IM, Pissinatti TDA, Cavalcante LTDF, Miranda TDS, Cosentino MAC, de Oliveira RC, Fernandes J, Assis MRDS, de Oliveira JG, da Silva TAC, Galliez RM, Faffe DS, de Jesus JG, Sobreira Bezerra da Silva M, Bezerra MF, Ferreira Junior ODC, Tanuri A, Castiñeiras TM, Aguiar RS, Faria NR, de Almeida AP, Pissinatti A, Sabino EC, Amendoeira MRR, de Lemos ERS, Ubiali DG, Santos AFA. Lessons from a Multilaboratorial Task Force for Diagnosis of a Fatal Toxoplasmosis Outbreak in Captive Primates in Brazil. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2888. [PMID: 38138032 PMCID: PMC10745312 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is an important zoonotic disease caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii and is especially fatal for neotropical primates. In Brazil, the Ministry of Health is responsible for national epizootic surveillance, but some diseases are still neglected. Here, we present an integrated investigation of an outbreak that occurred during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic among eleven neotropical primates housed at a primatology center in Brazil. After presenting non-specific clinical signs, all animals died within four days. A wide range of pathogens were evaluated, and we successfully identified T. gondii as the causative agent within four days after necropsies. The liver was the most affected organ, presenting hemorrhage and hepatocellular necrosis. Tachyzoites and bradyzoite cysts were observed in histological examinations and immunohistochemistry in different organs; in addition, parasitic DNA was detected through PCR in blood samples from all specimens evaluated. A high prevalence of Escherichia coli was also observed, indicating sepsis. This case highlights some of the obstacles faced by the current Brazilian surveillance system. A diagnosis was obtained through the integrated action of researchers since investigation for toxoplasmosis is currently absent in national guidelines. An interdisciplinary investigation could be a possible model for future epizootic investigations in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Bittencourt Schiffler
- Laboratório de Diversidade e Doenças Virais (LDDV), Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, RJ, Brazil; (F.B.S.); (M.D.); (L.T.d.F.C.); (T.d.S.M.); (M.A.C.C.)
| | - Asheley Henrique Barbosa Pereira
- Setor de Anatomia Patológica (SAP), Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica 23890-000, RJ, Brazil; (A.H.B.P.); (D.G.U.)
| | - Silvia Bahadian Moreira
- Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro (CPRJ), Instituto Estadual do Ambiente, Guapimirim 25940-000, RJ, Brazil; (S.B.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Igor Falco Arruda
- Laboratório de Toxoplasmose e outras Protozooses (LabTOXO), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (I.F.A.); (M.R.R.A.)
| | - Filipe Romero Rebello Moreira
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (F.R.R.M.); (I.M.C.); (N.R.F.)
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular (LVM), Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, RJ, Brazil; (O.d.C.F.J.); (A.T.)
| | - Mirela D’arc
- Laboratório de Diversidade e Doenças Virais (LDDV), Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, RJ, Brazil; (F.B.S.); (M.D.); (L.T.d.F.C.); (T.d.S.M.); (M.A.C.C.)
| | - Ingra Morales Claro
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (F.R.R.M.); (I.M.C.); (N.R.F.)
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical (IMT), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil; (J.G.d.J.); (E.C.S.)
| | - Thalita de Abreu Pissinatti
- Serviço de Criação de Primatas Não Humanos (SCPrim), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biomodelos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 26382-462, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Liliane Tavares de Faria Cavalcante
- Laboratório de Diversidade e Doenças Virais (LDDV), Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, RJ, Brazil; (F.B.S.); (M.D.); (L.T.d.F.C.); (T.d.S.M.); (M.A.C.C.)
| | - Thamiris dos Santos Miranda
- Laboratório de Diversidade e Doenças Virais (LDDV), Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, RJ, Brazil; (F.B.S.); (M.D.); (L.T.d.F.C.); (T.d.S.M.); (M.A.C.C.)
| | - Matheus Augusto Calvano Cosentino
- Laboratório de Diversidade e Doenças Virais (LDDV), Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, RJ, Brazil; (F.B.S.); (M.D.); (L.T.d.F.C.); (T.d.S.M.); (M.A.C.C.)
| | - Renata Carvalho de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (R.C.d.O.); (J.F.); (M.R.d.S.A.); (J.G.d.O.); (T.A.C.d.S.); (E.R.S.d.L.)
| | - Jorlan Fernandes
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (R.C.d.O.); (J.F.); (M.R.d.S.A.); (J.G.d.O.); (T.A.C.d.S.); (E.R.S.d.L.)
| | - Matheus Ribeiro da Silva Assis
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (R.C.d.O.); (J.F.); (M.R.d.S.A.); (J.G.d.O.); (T.A.C.d.S.); (E.R.S.d.L.)
| | - Jonathan Gonçalves de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (R.C.d.O.); (J.F.); (M.R.d.S.A.); (J.G.d.O.); (T.A.C.d.S.); (E.R.S.d.L.)
| | - Thayssa Alves Coelho da Silva
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (R.C.d.O.); (J.F.); (M.R.d.S.A.); (J.G.d.O.); (T.A.C.d.S.); (E.R.S.d.L.)
| | - Rafael Mello Galliez
- Núcleo de Enfrentamento e Estudos de Doenças Infecciosas Emergentes e Reemergentes (NEEDIER), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, RJ, Brazil; (R.M.G.); (D.S.F.); (T.M.C.)
| | - Debora Souza Faffe
- Núcleo de Enfrentamento e Estudos de Doenças Infecciosas Emergentes e Reemergentes (NEEDIER), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, RJ, Brazil; (R.M.G.); (D.S.F.); (T.M.C.)
| | - Jaqueline Goes de Jesus
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical (IMT), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil; (J.G.d.J.); (E.C.S.)
| | - Marise Sobreira Bezerra da Silva
- Serviço de Referência Nacional em Peste, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil; (M.S.B.d.S.); (M.F.B.); (A.P.d.A.)
| | - Matheus Filgueira Bezerra
- Serviço de Referência Nacional em Peste, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil; (M.S.B.d.S.); (M.F.B.); (A.P.d.A.)
| | - Orlando da Costa Ferreira Junior
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular (LVM), Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, RJ, Brazil; (O.d.C.F.J.); (A.T.)
| | - Amilcar Tanuri
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular (LVM), Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, RJ, Brazil; (O.d.C.F.J.); (A.T.)
| | - Terezinha Marta Castiñeiras
- Núcleo de Enfrentamento e Estudos de Doenças Infecciosas Emergentes e Reemergentes (NEEDIER), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, RJ, Brazil; (R.M.G.); (D.S.F.); (T.M.C.)
| | - Renato Santana Aguiar
- Laboratório de Biologia Integrativa, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil;
- Instituto D’OR de Pesquisa e Ensino (ID’or), Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nuno Rodrigues Faria
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (F.R.R.M.); (I.M.C.); (N.R.F.)
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical (IMT), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil; (J.G.d.J.); (E.C.S.)
| | - Alzira Paiva de Almeida
- Serviço de Referência Nacional em Peste, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil; (M.S.B.d.S.); (M.F.B.); (A.P.d.A.)
| | - Alcides Pissinatti
- Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro (CPRJ), Instituto Estadual do Ambiente, Guapimirim 25940-000, RJ, Brazil; (S.B.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Ester Cerdeira Sabino
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical (IMT), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil; (J.G.d.J.); (E.C.S.)
| | - Maria Regina Reis Amendoeira
- Laboratório de Toxoplasmose e outras Protozooses (LabTOXO), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (I.F.A.); (M.R.R.A.)
| | - Elba Regina Sampaio de Lemos
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (R.C.d.O.); (J.F.); (M.R.d.S.A.); (J.G.d.O.); (T.A.C.d.S.); (E.R.S.d.L.)
| | - Daniel Guimarães Ubiali
- Setor de Anatomia Patológica (SAP), Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica 23890-000, RJ, Brazil; (A.H.B.P.); (D.G.U.)
| | - André F. A. Santos
- Laboratório de Diversidade e Doenças Virais (LDDV), Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, RJ, Brazil; (F.B.S.); (M.D.); (L.T.d.F.C.); (T.d.S.M.); (M.A.C.C.)
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Mammarenavirus Genetic Diversity and Its Biological Implications. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2023; 439:265-303. [PMID: 36592249 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-15640-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Members of the family Arenaviridae are classified into four genera: Antennavirus, Hartmanivirus, Mammarenavirus, and Reptarenavirus. Reptarenaviruses and hartmaniviruses infect (captive) snakes and have been shown to cause boid inclusion body disease (BIBD). Antennaviruses have genomes consisting of 3, rather than 2, segments, and were discovered in actinopterygian fish by next-generation sequencing but no biological isolate has been reported yet. The hosts of mammarenaviruses are mainly rodents and infections are generally asymptomatic. Current knowledge about the biology of reptarenaviruses, hartmaniviruses, and antennaviruses is very limited and their zoonotic potential is unknown. In contrast, some mammarenaviruses are associated with zoonotic events that pose a threat to human health. This review will focus on mammarenavirus genetic diversity and its biological implications. Some mammarenaviruses including lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) are excellent experimental model systems for the investigation of acute and persistent viral infections, whereas others including Lassa (LASV) and Junin (JUNV) viruses, the causative agents of Lassa fever (LF) and Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF), respectively, are important human pathogens. Mammarenaviruses were thought to have high degree of intra-and inter-species amino acid sequence identities, but recent evidence has revealed a high degree of mammarenavirus genetic diversity in the field. Moreover, closely related mammarenavirus can display dramatic phenotypic differences in vivo. These findings support a role of genetic variability in mammarenavirus adaptability and pathogenesis. Here, we will review the molecular biology of mammarenaviruses, phylogeny, and evolution, as well as the quasispecies dynamics of mammarenavirus populations and their biological implications.
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Sorvillo TE, Cross RW, Johnson DM, Dobias NS, Fenton KA, Mire CE, Geisbert TW. Single dose rVSVΔG-JUNVGP vaccine protects guinea pigs against lethal Junin virus challenge. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:96. [PMID: 34373461 PMCID: PMC8352877 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Junin virus (JUNV) is a pathogen of biodefense importance due to its potential for aerosol transmission and mortality rates reaching 30%. Currently, there are no JUNV vaccines licensed by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for at-risk individuals. A vaccine based on recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) has been effectively used to prevent Ebola virus disease in humans. Here, we evaluated the protective efficacy of a rVSV expressing the JUNV glycoprotein (rVSVΔG-JUNVGP) in a guinea pig model of lethal JUNV disease. Two groups of guinea pigs, one prime and one prime-boost, were vaccinated with rVSVΔG-JUNVGP; six control animals remained unvaccinated. Survival for prime and prime-boost vaccinated animals was 100% while the challenge virus was uniformly lethal in all control animals. Animals in both vaccine groups developed robust, high avidity IgG antibody titers post-vaccination as well as detectable neutralizing antibodies while control animals failed to develop detectable antibody responses. This study demonstrates for the first time that rVSV expressing the JUNV GP fully protects guinea pigs from lethal JUNV challenge with a single injection vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa E Sorvillo
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Robert W Cross
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Dylan M Johnson
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Natalie S Dobias
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Karla A Fenton
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Chad E Mire
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas W Geisbert
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA. .,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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6
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Development of Reverse Genetics for the Prototype New World Mammarenavirus Tacaribe Virus. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01014-20. [PMID: 32669332 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01014-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The New World mammarenavirus Tacaribe virus (TCRV) has been isolated from fruit bats, mosquitoes, and ticks, whereas all other known New World mammarenaviruses are maintained in rodents. TCRV has not been linked to human disease, but it has been shown to protect against Argentine hemorrhagic fever-like disease in marmosets infected with the New World mammarenavirus Junín virus (JUNV), indicating the potential of TCRV as a live-attenuated vaccine for the treatment of Argentine hemorrhagic fever. Implementation of TCRV as a live-attenuated vaccine or a vaccine vector would be facilitated by the establishment of reverse genetics systems for the genetic manipulation of the TCRV genome. In this study, we developed, for the first time, reverse genetics approaches for the generation of recombinant TCRV (rTCRV). We successfully rescued a wild-type (WT) rTCRV (a trisegmented form of TCRV expressing two reporter genes [r3TCRV]) and a bisegmented TCRV expressing a single reporter gene from a bicistronic viral mRNA (rTCRV/GFP). These reverse genetics approaches represent an excellent tool to investigate the biology of TCRV and to explore its potential use as a live-attenuated vaccine or a vaccine vector for the treatment of other viral infections. Notably, we identified a 39-nucleotide (nt) deletion (Δ39) in the noncoding intergenic region (IGR) of the viral large (L) segment that is required for optimal virus multiplication. Accordingly, an rTCRV containing this 39-nt deletion in the L-IGR (rTCRV/Δ39) exhibited decreased viral fitness in cultured cells, suggesting the feasibility of using this deletion in the L-IGR as an approach to attenuate TCRV, and potentially other mammarenaviruses, for their implementation as live-attenuated vaccines or vaccine vectors.IMPORTANCE To date, no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved vaccines are available to combat hemorrhagic fever caused by mammarenavirus infections in humans. Treatment of mammarenavirus infections is limited to the off-label use of ribavirin, which is partially effective and associated with significant side effects. Tacaribe virus (TCRV), the prototype member of the New World mammarenaviruses, is nonpathogenic in humans but able to provide protection against Junín virus (JUNV), the causative agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever, demonstrating the feasibility of using TCRV as a live-attenuated vaccine vector for the treatment of JUNV and potentially other viral infections. Here, we describe for the first time the feasibility of generating recombinant TCRV (rTCRV) using reverse genetics approaches, which paves the way to study the biology of TCRV and also its potential use as a live-attenuated vaccine or a vaccine vector for the treatment of mammarenavirus and/or other viral infections in humans.
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7
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Chiappero MB, Piacenza MF, Provensal MC, Calderón GE, Gardenal CN, Polop JJ. Effective Population Size Differences in Calomys musculinus, the Host of Junín Virus: Their Relationship with the Epidemiological History of Argentine Hemorrhagic Fever. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 99:445-450. [PMID: 29893205 PMCID: PMC6090354 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF) is a serious endemic disease in Argentina, produced by Junín virus, whose host is the Sigmodontinae rodent Calomys musculinus. Within the endemic area, human incidence and proportion of infected rodents remains high for 5-10 years after the first appearance of the disease (epidemic [E] zone) and then gradually declines to sporadic cases (historic [H] zone). We tested the hypothesis that host populations within the E zone are large and well connected by gene flow, facilitating the transmission and maintenance of the virus, whereas those in the H and nonendemic (NE) zones are small and isolated, with the opposite effect. We estimated parameters affected by levels of gene flow and population size in 14 populations of C. musculinus: population effective size (Ne), genetic variability, and mean relatedness. Our hypothesis was not supported: the lowest levels of variability and of Ne and the highest genetic relatedness among individuals were found in the H zone. Populations from the NE zone displayed opposite results, whereas those in the E zone showed intermediate values. If we consider that populations are first NE, then E, and finally H, a correlative decrease in Ne was observed. Chronically infected females have a low reproductive success. We propose that this would lower Ne because each cohort would originate from a fraction of females of the previous generation, and affect other factors such as proportion of individuals that develop acute infection, probability of viral transmission, and evolution of virulence, which would explain, at least partly, the changing incidence of AHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina B. Chiappero
- Cátedra de Genética de Poblaciones y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - María Cecilia Provensal
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Gladys E. Calderón
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas, “Dr. Julio I. Maiztegui”, Pergamino, Argentina
| | - Cristina N. Gardenal
- Cátedra de Genética de Poblaciones y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jaime J. Polop
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina
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8
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Linero F, Sepúlveda C, Christopoulou I, Hulpiau P, Scolaro L, Saelens X. Neutralization of Junín virus by single domain antibodies targeted against the nucleoprotein. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11451. [PMID: 30061671 PMCID: PMC6065417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29508-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The syndrome viral haemorrhagic fever (VHF) designates a broad range of diseases that are caused by different viruses including members of the family Arenaviridae. Prophylaxis for Argentine Haemorrhagic Fever (AHF), caused by the arenavirus Junín (JUNV), has been achieved by the use of a live attenuated vaccine, named Candid#1. The standard treatment of AHF is transfusion of convalescent human plasma. Our aim was to develop an alternative and safer treatment for AHF based on the use of virus-neutralizing single domain antibodies (VHHs). We describe the first reported VHHs directed against an arenavirus. These VHHs could neutralize Candid#1 by altering virion binding/fusion. Surprisingly, the neutralizing VHHs appeared to be specific for the viral nucleoprotein (N) that is not known to be involved in arenavirus entry. Candid#1 VHH-escape viruses had acquired a predicted N-glycosylation site in the surface glycoprotein GP1 that is present in highly pathogenic JUNV strains. Accordingly, the Candid#1-neutralizing VHHs could not neutralize pathogenic JUNV strains, but they could still bind to cells infected with a pathogenic strain or the escape mutant viruses. These results show that the attenuated strains of JUNV can be potently neutralized by nucleoprotein-specific VHHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Linero
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Claudia Sepúlveda
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Caba, Argentina
| | - Ioanna Christopoulou
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Paco Hulpiau
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium.,VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Luis Scolaro
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Caba, Argentina
| | - Xavier Saelens
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium. .,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium.
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9
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Fernandes J, Guterres A, de Oliveira RC, Chamberlain J, Lewandowski K, Teixeira BR, Coelho TA, Crisóstomo CF, Bonvicino CR, D'Andrea PS, Hewson R, de Lemos ERS. Xapuri virus, a novel mammarenavirus: natural reassortment and increased diversity between New World viruses. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:120. [PMID: 29959319 PMCID: PMC6026159 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mammarenavirus RNA was detected in Musser’s bristly mouse (Neacomys musseri) from the Amazon region, and this detection indicated that rodents were infected with a novel mammarenavirus, with the proposed name Xapuri virus (XAPV), which is phylogenetically related to New World Clade B and Clade C viruses. XAPV may represent the first natural reassortment of the Arenaviridae family and a new unrecognized clade within the Tacaribe serocomplex group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorlan Fernandes
- Laboratory of Hantaviruses and Rickettsiosis, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 21040-360, Brazil.
| | - Alexandro Guterres
- Laboratory of Hantaviruses and Rickettsiosis, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Renata Carvalho de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Hantaviruses and Rickettsiosis, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - John Chamberlain
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Kuiama Lewandowski
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Bernardo Rodrigues Teixeira
- Laboratory of Biology and Parasitology of Wild Mammals Reservoirs, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Thayssa Alves Coelho
- Laboratory of Hantaviruses and Rickettsiosis, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Charle Ferreira Crisóstomo
- Laboratory of Biology and Parasitology of Wild Mammals Reservoirs, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 21040-360, Brazil.,Federal Institute of Acre, Rio Branco - AC, 69900-640, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Cibele Rodrigues Bonvicino
- Laboratory of Biology and Parasitology of Wild Mammals Reservoirs, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 21040-360, Brazil.,Nacional Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeio - RJ, 20230-130, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio D'Andrea
- Laboratory of Biology and Parasitology of Wild Mammals Reservoirs, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 21040-360, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Roger Hewson
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Elba Regina Sampaio de Lemos
- Laboratory of Hantaviruses and Rickettsiosis, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 21040-360, Brazil.
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10
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Hastie KM, Saphire EO. Lassa virus glycoprotein: stopping a moving target. Curr Opin Virol 2018; 31:52-58. [PMID: 29843991 PMCID: PMC6193841 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The structure of a prefusion arenavirus GPC was enigmatic for many years, owing to the metastable and non-covalent nature of the association between the receptor binding and fusion subunits. Recent engineering efforts to stabilize the glycoprotein of the Old World arenavirus Lassa in a native, yet cleaved state, allowed the first structure of any arenavirus prefusion GPC trimer to be determined. Comparison of this structure with the structures of other arenavirus glycoprotein subunits reveals surprising findings: that the receptor binding subunit, GP1, of Lassa virus is conformationally labile, while the GP1 subunit of New World arenaviruses is not, and that the arenavirus GPC adopts a trimeric state unlike other glycoproteins with similar fusion machinery. Structural analysis, combined with recent biochemical data regarding antibody epitopes and receptor binding requirements, provides a basis for rational vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Hastie
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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11
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Fernandes J, de Oliveira RC, Guterres A, Barreto-Vieira DF, Terças ACP, Teixeira BR, da Silva MAN, Caldas GC, de Oliveira Coelho JMC, Barth OM, D'Andrea PS, Bonvicino CR, de Lemos ERS. Detection of Latino virus (Arenaviridae: Mammarenavirus) naturally infecting Calomys callidus. Acta Trop 2018; 179:17-24. [PMID: 29217383 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mammarenavirus species are associated with a specific rodent host species, although an increasing number of virus has been associated to more than one host, suggesting that co-evolution is less robust than initially thought. There are few eco-epidemiological studies of South America mammarenaviruses in non-endemic areas of Arenavirus Hemorrhagic Fever, affecting specially our current knowledge about animal reservoirs and virus range and host-virus relations. In Brazil, seven arenavirus species were described in seven different rodent species. Here in we describe a new rodent reservoir species in Brazil related to the previously described Latino mammarenavirus (LATV) MARU strain. Samples of 148 rodents from Mato Grosso state, Brazil were analyzed. Amplification of the glycoprotein precursor gene (GPC) was observed in six Calomys callidus rodents. According to phylogenetic inferences, is observed a well-supported monophyletic clade of LATV from C. callidus and other Clade C mammarenavirus. In addition, the phylogenetic relations of both genes showed a close relation between LATV MARU and Capão Seco strains, two distinct lineages. Additionally, the results obtained in this study point out to a change of scenario and in previously stabilized patterns in the dynamics of South American mammarenaviruses, showing that with more studies in AHF non-endemic or silent areas, more potential hosts for this virus will be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorlan Fernandes
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21040-360 RJ, Brazil.
| | - Renata Carvalho de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21040-360 RJ, Brazil
| | - Alexandro Guterres
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21040-360 RJ, Brazil
| | - Débora Ferreira Barreto-Vieira
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21040-360 RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Bernardo Rodrigues Teixeira
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21040-360 RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcos Alexandre Nunes da Silva
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21040-360 RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Cardoso Caldas
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21040-360 RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Ortrud Monika Barth
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21040-360 RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sergio D'Andrea
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21040-360 RJ, Brazil
| | - Cibele Rodrigues Bonvicino
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21040-360 RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional do Câncer - INCA, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 20230-092 RJ, Brazil
| | - Elba Regina Sampaio de Lemos
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21040-360 RJ, Brazil.
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12
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Convergent immunological solutions to Argentine hemorrhagic fever virus neutralization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017. [PMID: 28630325 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1702127114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmission of hemorrhagic fever New World arenaviruses from their rodent reservoirs to human populations poses substantial public health and economic dangers. These zoonotic events are enabled by the specific interaction between the New World arenaviral attachment glycoprotein, GP1, and cell surface human transferrin receptor (hTfR1). Here, we present the structural basis for how a mouse-derived neutralizing antibody (nAb), OD01, disrupts this interaction by targeting the receptor-binding surface of the GP1 glycoprotein from Junín virus (JUNV), a hemorrhagic fever arenavirus endemic in central Argentina. Comparison of our structure with that of a previously reported nAb complex (JUNV GP1-GD01) reveals largely overlapping epitopes but highly distinct antibody-binding modes. Despite differences in GP1 recognition, we find that both antibodies present a key tyrosine residue, albeit on different chains, that inserts into a central pocket on JUNV GP1 and effectively mimics the contacts made by the host TfR1. These data provide a molecular-level description of how antibodies derived from different germline origins arrive at equivalent immunological solutions to virus neutralization.
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13
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Abstract
The family Arenaviridae currently comprises over 20 viral species, each of them associated with a main rodent species as the natural reservoir and in one case possibly phyllostomid bats. Moreover, recent findings have documented a divergent group of arenaviruses in captive alethinophidian snakes. Human infections occur through mucosal exposure to aerosols or by direct contact of abraded skin with infectious materials. Arenaviruses merit interest both as highly tractable experimental model systems to study acute and persistent infections and as clinically important human pathogens including Lassa (LASV) and Junin (JUNV) viruses, the causative agents of Lassa and Argentine hemorrhagic fevers (AHFs), respectively, for which there are no FDA-licensed vaccines, and current therapy is limited to an off-label use of ribavirin (Rib) that has significant limitations. Arenaviruses are enveloped viruses with a bi-segmented negative strand (NS) RNA genome. Each genome segment, L (ca 7.3 kb) and S (ca 3.5 kb), uses an ambisense coding strategy to direct the synthesis of two polypeptides in opposite orientation, separated by a noncoding intergenic region (IGR). The S genomic RNA encodes the virus nucleoprotein (NP) and the precursor (GPC) of the virus surface glycoprotein that mediates virus receptor recognition and cell entry via endocytosis. The L genome RNA encodes the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp, or L polymerase) and the small (ca 11 kDa) RING finger protein Z that has functions of a bona fide matrix protein including directing virus budding. Arenaviruses were thought to be relatively stable genetically with intra- and interspecies amino acid sequence identities of 90-95 % and 44-63 %, respectively. However, recent evidence has documented extensive arenavirus genetic variability in the field. Moreover, dramatic phenotypic differences have been documented among closely related LCMV isolates. These data provide strong evidence of viral quasispecies involvement in arenavirus adaptability and pathogenesis. Here, we will review several aspects of the molecular biology of arenaviruses, phylogeny and evolution, and quasispecies dynamics of arenavirus populations for a better understanding of arenavirus pathogenesis, as well as for the development of novel antiviral strategies to combat arenavirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Domingo
- Campus de Cantoblanco, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter Schuster
- The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA and Institut f. Theoretische Chemie, Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
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14
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Fernandes J, de Oliveira RC, Guterres A, de Carvalho Serra F, Bonvicino CR, D'Andrea PS, Cunha RV, Levis S, de Lemos ERS. Co-circulation of Clade C New World Arenaviruses: New geographic distribution and host species. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 33:242-5. [PMID: 25975978 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Clade C, of the New World Arenaviruses, is composed of only the Latino and Oliveros viruses and, besides the geographic range of their rodent reservoirs, the distribution of these viruses has been restricted to Bolivia and Argentina. In this study, the genetic detection and phylogenetic analysis of the complete S segment sequences of sympatric arenaviruses from Brazil revealed a new geographic distribution of clade C arenaviruses, as well as the association of Oliveros virus with a new rodent reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorlan Fernandes
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil.
| | | | - Alexandro Guterres
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil
| | | | - Cibele Rodrigues Bonvicino
- Instituto Nacional do Câncer, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sergio D'Andrea
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil
| | | | - Silvana Levis
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas, Pergamino, Argentina
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15
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Kolokoltsova OA, Grant AM, Huang C, Smith JK, Poussard AL, Tian B, Brasier AR, Peters CJ, Tseng CTK, de la Torre JC, Paessler S. RIG-I enhanced interferon independent apoptosis upon Junin virus infection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99610. [PMID: 24918927 PMCID: PMC4053358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Junin virus (JUNV) is the etiological agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF), a human disease with a high case-fatality rate. It is widely accepted that arenaviral infections, including JUNV infections, are generally non-cytopathic. In contrast, here we demonstrated apoptosis induction in human lung epithelial carcinoma (A549), human hepatocarcinoma and Vero cells upon infection with the attenuated Candid#1 strain of, JUNV as determined by phosphatidylserine (PS) translocation, Caspase 3 (CASP3) activation, Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage and/or chromosomal DNA fragmentation. Moreover, as determined by DNA fragmentation, we found that the pathogenic Romero strain of JUNV was less cytopathic than Candid#1 in human hepatocarcinoma and Vero, but more apoptotic in A549 and Vero E6 cells. Additionally, we found that JUNV-induced apoptosis was enhanced by RIG-I signaling. Consistent with the previously reported role of RIG-I like helicase (RLH) signaling in initiating programmed cell death, we showed that cell death or DNA fragmentation of Candid#1-infected A549 cells was decreased upon siRNA or shRNA silencing of components of RIG-I pathway in spite of increased virus production. Similarly, we observed decreased DNA fragmentation in JUNV-infected human hepatocarcinoma cells deficient for RIG-I when compared with that of RIG-I-competent cells. In addition, DNA fragmentation detected upon Candid#1 infection of type I interferon (IFN)-deficient Vero cells suggested a type I IFN-independent mechanism of apoptosis induction in response to JUNV. Our work demonstrated for the first time apoptosis induction in various cells of mammalian origin in response to JUNV infection and partial mechanism of this cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A. Kolokoltsova
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ashley M. Grant
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jennifer K. Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Allison L. Poussard
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bing Tian
- Internal Med-Endocrinology, UTMB, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Allan R. Brasier
- Internal Med-Endocrinology, UTMB, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Clarence J. Peters
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UTMB, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chien-Te Kent Tseng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UTMB, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Juan C. de la Torre
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Slobodan Paessler
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas, United States of America
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16
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Yama IN, Cazaux B, Britton-Davidian J, Moureau G, Thirion L, de Lamballerie X, Dobigny G, Charrel RN. Isolation and characterization of a new strain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus from rodents in southwestern France. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2012; 12:893-903. [PMID: 22651393 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2011.0892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 821 tissue samples from rodents trapped during field campaigns organized in Europe and Africa were screened for the presence of arenaviruses by molecular methods and cell culture inoculation when feasible. Two Mus musculus domesticus trapped in the southwestern part of France were infected with a potentially new strain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), here referred to as LCMV strain HP65-2009, which was isolated and genetically characterized by whole genome sequencing. Genetic and phylogenetic analyses comparing LCMV HP65-2009 with 26 other LCMV strains showed that it represents a novel highly-divergent strain within the group of Mus musculus-associated LCMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines N Yama
- Unité des Virus Emergents UMR190 Emergence des Pathologies Virales, IRD, Université de la Méditerranée II, Marseille, France.
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17
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Viral diversity of Junín virus field strains. Virus Res 2011; 160:150-8. [PMID: 21689697 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Argentine Hemorrhagic Fever, an endemic disease present in a much of Argentina, is caused by the Junín virus (JUNV). Currently, there are sequences available from several strains of this virus, like those belonging to the vaccine lineage (XJ13, XJ#44 and Candid#1), as well as MC2 (rodent isolate) and IV4454 (human isolate). In this article, we report sequence information on two fragments of genomic segment S of viral isolates from the endemic area. A Nested-RT-PCR was used to amplify discrete genomic regions of 13 isolates of rodent and human origin. The bioinformatics studies revealed a great homogeneity of sequences among the JUNV isolates. The phylogenetic classification showed greater evolutionary distance between the old world arenaviruses (Lassa and LCM virus) than between the new world arenaviruses (JUNV and Machupo virus).
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18
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D'Mello F, Jervis SM, Edwards PM, Oliver SL, Bridger JC. Heterogeneity in the capsid protein of bovine enteric caliciviruses belonging to a new genus. Virology 2009; 387:109-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Revised: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Blasdell KR, Becker SD, Hurst J, Begon M, Bennett M. Host range and genetic diversity of arenaviruses in rodents, United Kingdom. Emerg Infect Dis 2008; 14:1455-8. [PMID: 18760019 PMCID: PMC2603089 DOI: 10.3201/eid1409.080209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During a study to extend our knowledge of the host range and genetic diversity of arenaviruses in Great Britain, 66 of 1,147 rodent blood samples tested for antibody, and 127 of 482 tested by PCR, were found positive. All sequences most closely resembled those of previously identified lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim R Blasdell
- National Centre for Zoonosis Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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20
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González-Ittig RE, Patton JL, Gardenal CN. Analysis of Cytochrome-bNucleotide Diversity Confirms a Recent Range Expansion in Calomys musculinus (Rodentia, Muridae). J Mammal 2007. [DOI: 10.1644/06-mamm-a-091r1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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21
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Abstract
The Arenaviridae family contains 22 recognized virus species, each of them strongly associated with a rodent species (except Tacaribe virus which is associated with a species of bat), suggesting an ancient co-evolutionary process. Although the concept of co-evolution between rodents and arenaviruses is now largely accepted, little has been uncovered in terms of dating the phenomenon and the mechanisms of evolution, including speciation and pathogenicity. These questions are targeted in the present chapter. Old World arenaviruses are associated with the Eurasian rodents in the family Muridae. New World arenaviruses are associated with American rodents in the subfamily Sigmodontinae. The correlation between the rodent host phylogeny and the viruses suggests a long association and a co-evolutionary process. Furthermore, three distinct New World arenaviruses share a common ancestor, demonstrating a unique recombination event that probably occurred in that ancestor. This shows that recombination among arenaviruses of different lineages might occur in nature. Recombination and co-evolutionary adaptation appear as the main mechanisms of arenavirus evolution, generating a high degree of diversity. The diversity among rodent host reservoir and virus species and the potential to exchange genomic material provide a basis for the emergence of new viruses and the risk of these becoming pathogenic for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E. Childs
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health and Center for Eco-Epidemiolog, Yale University School of Medicine, 60 College St, 208034, 06520-8034 New Haven, CT USA
| | - John S. Mackenzie
- Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Australian Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, Curtin University of Technology, U1987, 6845 Perth, WA Australia
| | - Jürgen A. Richt
- Virus and Prion Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center USDA, 2300 Dayton Ave Ames, 50010 IA USA
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22
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Goñi SE, Iserte JA, Ambrosio AM, Romanowski V, Ghiringhelli PD, Lozano ME. Genomic features of attenuated Junín virus vaccine strain candidate. Virus Genes 2006; 32:37-41. [PMID: 16525733 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-005-5843-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2005] [Revised: 06/19/2005] [Accepted: 06/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Junin virus strain Candid #1 was developed as a live attenuated vaccine for Argentine haemorrhagic fever. In this paper, we report the nucleotide sequences of L RNA of Candid #1 and examine the relationship to its more virulent ancestors Junin virus XJ#44 and XJ 13 (prototype) and other closely and distantly related arenaviruses. Comparisons of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of L and Z genes of Candid #1 and its progenitor strains revealed twelve point mutations in the L polypeptide that are unique to the vaccine strain. These changes could be provisionally associated with the attenuated phenotype. In contrast, Z ORF was completely conserved among all strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Elizabeth Goñi
- LIGBCM, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Rogue Saenz Peña 180, B1876BXD, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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23
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Sevilla N, de la Torre JC. Arenavirus diversity and evolution: quasispecies in vivo. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2006; 299:315-35. [PMID: 16568904 PMCID: PMC7120374 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-26397-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Arenaviruses exist as viral quasispecies due to the high mutation rates of the low-fidelity viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). This genomic heterogeneity is advantageous to the population, allowing for adaptation to rapidly changing environments that present varying types and degrees of selective pressure. The significant variation in biological properties observed among lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) strains, the prototypic arenavirus, indicates to what extent a quasispecies dynamics may play a role in arenavirus adaptability and pathogenesis. Several aspects of arenavirus variability and its contribution to pathogenesis will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sevilla
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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24
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Vieth S, Drosten C, Charrel R, Feldmann H, Günther S. Establishment of conventional and fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based real-time PCR assays for detection of pathogenic New World arenaviruses. J Clin Virol 2005; 32:229-35. [PMID: 15722028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2004.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/22/2004] [Accepted: 07/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Five of the known arenaviruses cause viral hemorrhagic fever in humans and are classified as biosafety level 4 pathogens. Four of the viruses, namely Junin, Guanarito, Machupo, and Sabia, belong to clade B of New World arenaviruses that also comprises the nonpathogenic viruses Tacaribe, Cupixi, and Amapari. OBJECTIVES To establish real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assays for Junin and Guanarito virus based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) probes, and a universal RT-PCR assay for all known clade B viruses with conventional read-out. RESULTS Conserved sequences in the nucleoprotein gene were chosen as target sites for primers and FRET probes. A common set of primers was designed for all three assays. The assays were based on one-step RT-PCR reagents and were optimised with respect to analytical sensitivity using synthetic RNA templates. The real-time PCR assays detected about 0.5 and 5TCID(50) of cell culture-derived Junin and Guanarito virus, respectively. The universal clade B PCR amplified cell culture-derived RNA of Junin, Guanarito, Machupo, and Sabia virus (5-500TCID(50) per reaction), as well as RNA of Tacaribe, Cupixi, and Amapari virus. CONCLUSIONS The PCR assays may be used as complementary diagnostic tests for pathogenic New World arenaviruses. The universal PCR assay could also be suitable for the detection of novel clade B arenaviruses in patients as well as in animal reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Vieth
- Department of Virology, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Strasse 74, D-20359 Hamburg, Germany
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25
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CHIAPPERO MARINAB, GARDENAL CRISTINAN, PANZETTA-DUTARI GRACIELAM. Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in Calomys musculinus (Muridae, Sigmodontinae, Phyllotini), the natural reservoir of Junin virus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01003.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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González Ittig RE, Gardenal CN. Recent range expansion and low levels of contemporary gene flow in Calomys musculinus: its relationship with the emergence and spread of Argentine haemorrhagic fever. Heredity (Edinb) 2004; 93:535-41. [PMID: 15316554 DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The geographic distribution of haplotype diversity in the rodent Calomys musculinus, sampled from 16 wild populations of Argentina, was analysed on two geographical scales. The species is the natural reservoir of the Junin virus, the etiological agent of the Argentine haemorrhagic fever (AHF). In all, 24 composite haplotypes were recognised in the mtDNA D-loop region. Haplotypes 1 and 2, internal in the network, were the most frequent and were present in almost all populations. The absence of large genetic gaps between widely distributed haplotypes, the existence of exclusive haplotypes in more than 50% of the sampled populations and the absence of isolation by distance at a macrogeographical scale are in support of the hypothesis of a recent range expansion of the populations of the Humid Pampa, with low to moderate current gene flow. The dispersal of this opportunistic species would have been favoured by the explosive increments in density after agriculture was introduced. When only nearby populations within the endemic area of AHF were considered, a pattern of isolation by distance was detected. At present, genetic drift appears to be the main force acting to randomly differentiate C. musculinus populations, which would also lead to random differentiation of Junin virus strains and a reduction in the virulence of the pathogen in 'historic' AHF areas. The knowledge of migration patterns of the reservoir populations facilitates reliable prediction of the potential spread of the human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E González Ittig
- Cátedra de Genética de Poblaciones y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield 299. 5000. Córdoba, Argentina
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27
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Vieth S, Torda AE, Asper M, Schmitz H, Günther S. Sequence analysis of L RNA of Lassa virus. Virology 2004; 318:153-68. [PMID: 14972544 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2003.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2003] [Revised: 07/23/2003] [Accepted: 09/12/2003] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The L RNA of three Lassa virus strains originating from Nigeria, Ghana/Ivory Coast, and Sierra Leone was sequenced and the data subjected to structure predictions and phylogenetic analyses. The L gene products had 2218-2221 residues, diverged by 18% at the amino acid level, and contained several conserved regions. Only one region of 504 residues (positions 1043-1546) could be assigned a function, namely that of an RNA polymerase. Secondary structure predictions suggest that this domain is very similar to RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of known structure encoded by plus-strand RNA viruses, permitting a model to be built. Outside the polymerase region, there is little structural data, except for regions of strong alpha-helical content and probably a coiled-coil domain at the N terminus. No evidence for reassortment or recombination during Lassa virus evolution was found. The secondary structure-assisted alignment of the RNA polymerase region permitted a reliable reconstruction of the phylogeny of all negative-strand RNA viruses, indicating that Arenaviridae are most closely related to Nairoviruses. In conclusion, the data provide a basis for structural and functional characterization of the Lassa virus L protein and reveal new insights into the phylogeny of negative-strand RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Vieth
- Department of Virology, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
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28
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Abstract
Viruses are important pathogens in tropical areas; most of them, especially the tropical hemorrhagic fevers, produce mucocutaneous manifestations. More than any other kind of pathogen, viruses have the possibility for being widespread, since they have a greater probability of mutation than do bacteria, can cross species barriers easily, and infect both human beings and animals in habitats with a great biodiversity. Tropical habitats also have been subject to major ecologic changes in the last few decades, exposing humans to direct contact with these viruses and allowing hemorrhagic fevers due to new emergent viruses such as flaviviruses, filoviruses, arenaviruses, and hantaviruses to become major threats to public health. The collapse of eradication programs in many countries, as well as population increases and ecologic modifications, have led to the spread of dengue and yellow fever to large portions of the world owing to the dissemination of vectors, especially mosquitoes, with broad ecologic ranges. Viruses previously restricted to some geographic areas, such as Rift Valley fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, West Nile fever, and monkeypox are now affecting new countries and populations. Other viruses such as herpes B infection often affect travelers and animal handlers in most parts of the world. Dermatologic lesions occur in all these diseases and can facilitate a rapid diagnosis, leading to control of the virus and helping prevent possible outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Lupi
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- J C S Clegg
- Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UK
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30
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Weaver SC, Salas RA, de Manzione N, Fulhorst CF, Travasos da Rosa AP, Duno G, Utrera A, Mills JN, Ksiazek TG, Tovar D, Guzman H, Kang W, Tesh RB. Extreme genetic diversity among Pirital virus (Arenaviridae) isolates from western Venezuela. Virology 2001; 285:110-8. [PMID: 11414811 DOI: 10.1006/viro.2001.0954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Pirital-like virus isolates from rodents collected in a variety of habitats within a six-state area of central Venezuela were analyzed genetically by amplifying a portion of the nucleocapsid protein gene using RT-PCR. Comparisons of the sequences from 30 selected Pirital-like virus isolates demonstrated up to 26% divergence in nucleotide sequences and up to 16% divergence in deduced amino acid sequences. Within the Pirital monophyletic group, 14 distinct lineages or genotypes, differing by at least 6% in nucleotide sequences, were identified. Although sample sizes were small for some lineages, many of the different genotypes were sampled in only one region or locality, suggesting allopatric divergence. Complement fixation tests with representatives of the most divergent Pirital virus lineages failed to delineate multiple species or subtypes within the Pirital clade. These results indicate that the previously proposed 12% nucleocapsid protein amino acid sequence divergence cutoff value for delineating arenavirus species is not appropriate for the entire family. When individual clones were examined from PCR amplicons, a mean of 0.17% sequence diversity vs the consensus sequences was detected, suggesting diverse quasispecies populations within infected rodent hosts. Possible explanations for the extreme genetic diversity within and among Pirital virus populations in infected rodents are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Weaver
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0609, USA.
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31
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Asper M, Hofmann P, Osmann C, Funk J, Metzger C, Bruns M, Kaup FJ, Schmitz H, Günther S. First outbreak of callitrichid hepatitis in Germany: genetic characterization of the causative lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus strains. Virology 2001; 284:203-13. [PMID: 11384220 DOI: 10.1006/viro.2001.0909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Callitrichid hepatitis (CH) is a highly fatal, rodent-borne zoonosis of New World primates (family Callitrichidae) caused by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). It is unclear whether virulence in Callitrichidae is associated with specific genetic or phylogenetic markers of the virus as only a partial S RNA sequence of a single CH-associated isolate is known. In a period of 10 months, three pygmy marmosets (Cebuella pygmaea) and one Goeldi's monkey (Callimico goeldii) died from CH in a German zoo. LCMV was most likely transmitted by wild mice. Infection was associated with characteristic histopathological lesions in liver, brain, and lymphoid tissue. Virus sequences from all callitrichids and a captured mouse were > or =99.2% identical. LCMV strains from a pygmy marmoset and the Goeldi's monkey were isolated in cell culture and the 3.4-kb S RNA was completely sequenced. Both strains differed considerably in their genetic and phylogenetic characteristics from known LCMV strains, including the previously described CH-associated strain. These data show that CH is widespread and can be caused by distantly related LCMV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Asper
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin, Hamburg, Germany
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32
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Moncayo AC, Hice CL, Watts DM, Travassos de Rosa AP, Guzman H, Russell KL, Calampa C, Gozalo A, Popov VL, Weaver SC, Tesh RB. Allpahuayo virus: a newly recognized arenavirus (arenaviridae) from arboreal rice rats (oecomys bicolor and oecomys paricola) in northeastern peru. Virology 2001; 284:277-86. [PMID: 11384226 DOI: 10.1006/viro.2000.0803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Allpahuayo virus was initially isolated from arboreal rice rats (Oecomys bicolor and Oecomys paricola) collected during 1997 at the Allpahuayo Biological Station in northeastern Peru. Serological and genetic studies identified the virus as a new member of the Tacaribe complex of the genus Arenavirus. The small (S) segment of the Allpahuayo virus prototype strain CLHP-2098 (Accession No. AY012686) was sequenced, as well as that of sympatric isolate CLHP-2472 (Accession No. AY012687), from the same rodent species. The S segment was 3382 bases in length and phylogenetic analysis indicated that Allpahuayo is a sister virus to Pichinde in clade A. Two ambisense, nonoverlapping reading frames were identified, which result in two predicted gene products, a glycoprotein precursor (GPC) and a nucleocapsid protein (NP). A predicted stable single hairpin secondary structure was identified in the intergenic region between GPC and NP. Details of the genetic organization of Allpahuayo virus are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Moncayo
- Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555-0609, USA.
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