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Abstract
Nucleic-acid nanostructures, which have been designed and constructed with atomic precision, have been used as scaffolds for different molecules and proteins, as nanomachines, as computational components, and more. In particular, RNA has garnered tremendous interest as a building block for the self-assembly of sophisticated and functional nanostructures by virtue of its ease of synthesis by in vivo or in vitro transcription, its superior mechanical and thermodynamic properties, and its functional roles in nature. In this Topical Review, we describe recent developments in the use of RNA for the design and construction of nanostructures. We discuss the differences between RNA and DNA that make RNA attractive as a building block for the construction of nucleic-acid nanostructures, and we present the uses of different nanostructures─RNA alone, RNA-DNA, and functional RNA nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer I Wilner
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Doron Yesodi
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Yossi Weizmann
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.,Ilse Katz Institute for Nanotechnology Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.,Goldman Sonnenfeldt School of Sustainability and Climate Change, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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2
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Development and classification of RNA aptamers for therapeutic purposes: an updated review with emphasis on cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 478:1573-1598. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04614-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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Park J, Yang KA, Choi Y, Choe JK. Novel ssDNA aptamer-based fluorescence sensor for perfluorooctanoic acid detection in water. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:107000. [PMID: 34991260 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widely detected environmental contaminants, and there is a great need for development of sensor technologies for rapid and continuous monitoring of PFAS. In this study, we have developed fluorescence based aptasensor that can possibly monitor perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in water with limit of detection (LOD) of 0.17 μM. This is first to report the successful isolation of PFAS binding ssDNA aptamers. The obtained aptamer selectively binds PFOA with dissociation constant (KD) of 5.5 μM. Specific aptamer binding sites to PFOA were identified and the length of the fluorinated carbons was a key binding factor rather than the functional group. The aptamer binding to structurally similar PFAS compounds (i.e., perfluorocarboxylic acids and perfluorosulfonic acids with 4-8 carbon chains) was also investigated; the aptamer KD values were 6.5 and 3.3 μM for perfluoroheptanoic acid and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid, respectively, while other analogs did not bind to the aptamer. The presence of major inorganic ions and dissolved organic matter had negligible influences on the aptamer performance (<14% at a 10 mM concentration), and the aptamer performance was also robust in real wastewater effluent conditions, with a KD of 7.4 μM for PFOA. Fluorescence-based aptasensor developed in this study is adequate in monitoring PFOA levels in water contaminated with the accident spills and heavy usage of fire-fighting foams near the industrial sites and military bases. More importantly, the study opens up new capability of aptasensors to efficiently monitor the trace amount of various PFAS compounds and other fluorinated alternatives in natural and engineered water environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyoung Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Institute of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ae Yang
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Yongju Choi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Institute of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kwon Choe
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Institute of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Ozturk M, Nilsen-Hamilton M, Ilgu M. Aptamer Applications in Neuroscience. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1260. [PMID: 34959661 PMCID: PMC8709198 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Being the predominant cause of disability, neurological diseases have received much attention from the global health community. Over a billion people suffer from one of the following neurological disorders: dementia, epilepsy, stroke, migraine, meningitis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, prion disease, or brain tumors. The diagnosis and treatment options are limited for many of these diseases. Aptamers, being small and non-immunogenic nucleic acid molecules that are easy to chemically modify, offer potential diagnostic and theragnostic applications to meet these needs. This review covers pioneering studies in applying aptamers, which shows promise for future diagnostics and treatments of neurological disorders that pose increasingly dire worldwide health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meric Ozturk
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (M.O.); (M.N.-H.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Marit Nilsen-Hamilton
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (M.O.); (M.N.-H.)
- Ames Laboratory, US DOE (United States Department of Energy), Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Aptalogic Inc., Ames, IA 50014, USA
| | - Muslum Ilgu
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (M.O.); (M.N.-H.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Ames Laboratory, US DOE (United States Department of Energy), Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Aptalogic Inc., Ames, IA 50014, USA
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5
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Abstract
RNA-based therapeutics have shown great promise in treating a broad spectrum of diseases through various mechanisms including knockdown of pathological genes, expression of therapeutic proteins, and programmed gene editing. Due to the inherent instability and negative-charges of RNA molecules, RNA-based therapeutics can make the most use of delivery systems to overcome biological barriers and to release the RNA payload into the cytosol. Among different types of delivery systems, lipid-based RNA delivery systems, particularly lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), have been extensively studied due to their unique properties, such as simple chemical synthesis of lipid components, scalable manufacturing processes of LNPs, and wide packaging capability. LNPs represent the most widely used delivery systems for RNA-based therapeutics, as evidenced by the clinical approvals of three LNP-RNA formulations, patisiran, BNT162b2, and mRNA-1273. This review covers recent advances of lipids, lipid derivatives, and lipid-derived macromolecules used in RNA delivery over the past several decades. We focus mainly on their chemical structures, synthetic routes, characterization, formulation methods, and structure-activity relationships. We also briefly describe the current status of representative preclinical studies and clinical trials and highlight future opportunities and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuebao Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Changzhen Sun
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Chang Wang
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Katarina E Jankovic
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yizhou Dong
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Binzel DW, Li X, Burns N, Khan E, Lee WJ, Chen LC, Ellipilli S, Miles W, Ho YS, Guo P. Thermostability, Tunability, and Tenacity of RNA as Rubbery Anionic Polymeric Materials in Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine-Specific Cancer Targeting with Undetectable Toxicity. Chem Rev 2021; 121:7398-7467. [PMID: 34038115 PMCID: PMC8312718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RNA nanotechnology is the bottom-up self-assembly of nanometer-scale architectures, resembling LEGOs, composed mainly of RNA. The ideal building material should be (1) versatile and controllable in shape and stoichiometry, (2) spontaneously self-assemble, and (3) thermodynamically, chemically, and enzymatically stable with a long shelf life. RNA building blocks exhibit each of the above. RNA is a polynucleic acid, making it a polymer, and its negative-charge prevents nonspecific binding to negatively charged cell membranes. The thermostability makes it suitable for logic gates, resistive memory, sensor set-ups, and NEM devices. RNA can be designed and manipulated with a level of simplicity of DNA while displaying versatile structure and enzyme activity of proteins. RNA can fold into single-stranded loops or bulges to serve as mounting dovetails for intermolecular or domain interactions without external linking dowels. RNA nanoparticles display rubber- and amoeba-like properties and are stretchable and shrinkable through multiple repeats, leading to enhanced tumor targeting and fast renal excretion to reduce toxicities. It was predicted in 2014 that RNA would be the third milestone in pharmaceutical drug development. The recent approval of several RNA drugs and COVID-19 mRNA vaccines by FDA suggests that this milestone is being realized. Here, we review the unique properties of RNA nanotechnology, summarize its recent advancements, describe its distinct attributes inside or outside the body and discuss potential applications in nanotechnology, medicine, and material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Binzel
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Xin Li
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Nicolas Burns
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Eshan Khan
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Wen-Jui Lee
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ching Chen
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Satheesh Ellipilli
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Wayne Miles
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yuan Soon Ho
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Ștefan G, Hosu O, De Wael K, Lobo-Castañón MJ, Cristea C. Aptamers in biomedicine: Selection strategies and recent advances. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.137994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Allemailem KS, Almatroudi A, Alsahli MA, Basfar GT, Alrumaihi F, Rahmani AH, Khan AA. Recent advances in understanding oligonucleotide aptamers and their applications as therapeutic agents. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:551. [PMID: 33269185 PMCID: PMC7686427 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02546-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The innovative discovery of aptamers was based on target-specific treatment in clinical diagnostics and therapeutics. Aptamers are synthetic, single-stranded oligonucleotides, simply described as chemical antibodies, which can bind to diverse targets with high specificity and affinity. Aptamers are synthesized by the SELEX technique, and possess distinctive properties as small size (10-50 kDa), higher stability, easy manufacture and less immunogenicity. These oligonucleotides are easily degraded by nucleases, so require some important modifications like capping and incorporation of modified nucleotides. RNA aptamers can be modified chemically on 2' positions using -NH3, -F, -deoxy, or -OMe groups to enhance their nuclease resistance. Aptamers have been employed for multiple purposes, as direct drugs or aptamer-drug conjugates targeted against different diseased cells. Different aptamer-conjugated nanovehicles (e.g., micelles, liposomes, silica nano-shells) have been designed to transport diverse anticancer-drugs like doxorubicin and cisplatin in bulk to minimize systemic cytotoxicity. Some drug-loaded nanovehicles (up to 97% loading capacity) and conjugated with specific aptamer resulted in more than 60% tumor inhibition as compared to unconjugated drug-loaded nanovehicles which showed only 31% cancer inhibition. In addition, aptamers have been widely used in basic research, food safety, environmental monitoring, clinical diagnostics and therapeutics. Different FDA-approved RNA and DNA aptamers are now available in the market, used for the treatment of diverse diseases, especially cancer. These aptamers include Macugen, Pegaptanib, etc. Despite a good progress in aptamer use, the present-day chemotherapeutics and drug targeting systems still face great challenges. Here in this review article, we are discussing nucleic acid aptamers, preparation, role in the transportation of different nanoparticle vehicles and their applications as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S. Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, P.O. Box 6699, Buraydah, 51452 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghaiyda Talal Basfar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, P.O. Box 6699, Buraydah, 51452 Saudi Arabia
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Polylactide-Based Reactive Micelles as a Robust Platform for mRNA Delivery. Pharm Res 2020; 37:30. [PMID: 31915939 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2749-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE mRNA has recently emerged as a potent therapeutics and requires safe and effective delivery carriers, particularly prone to address its issues of poor stability and escape from endosomes. In this context, we designed poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA)-based micelles with N-succinimidyl (NS) ester decorated hydrophilic hairy corona to trap/couple a cationic fusogenic peptide and further complex mRNA. METHODS Two strategies were investigated, namely (i) sequential immobilization of peptide and mRNA onto the micelles (layer-by-layer, LbL) or (ii) direct immobilization of peptide-mRNA pre-complex (PC) on the micelles. After characterization by means of size, surface charge, peptide/mRNA coupling/complexation and mRNA serum stability, carrier cytotoxicity and transfection capacity were evaluated with dendritic cells (DCs) using both GFP and luciferase mRNAs. RESULTS Whatever the approach used, the micellar assemblies afforded full protection of mRNA in serum while the peptide-mRNA complex yielded complete mRNA degradation. In addition, the micellar assemblies allowed to significantly reduce the toxicity observed with the peptide-mRNA complex. They successfully transfected hard-to transfect DCs, with a superior efficiency for the LbL made ones (whatever mRNAs studied) showing the impact of the elaboration process on the carrier properties. CONCLUSIONS These results show the relevance and potential of this new PLA/peptide based micelle platform to improve mRNA stability and delivery, while offering the possibility of further multifunctionality through PLA core encapsulation.
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Robertson MJ, Qian Y, Robinson MC, Tirado-Rives J, Jorgensen WL. Development and Testing of the OPLS-AA/M Force Field for RNA. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:2734-2742. [PMID: 30807148 PMCID: PMC6585454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Significant improvements have been made to the OPLS-AA force field for modeling RNA. New torsional potentials were optimized based on density functional theory (DFT) scans at the ωB97X-D/6-311++G(d,p) level for potential energy surfaces of the backbone α and γ dihedral angles. In combination with previously reported improvements for the sugar puckering and glycosidic torsion terms, the new force field was validated through diverse molecular dynamics simulations for RNAs in aqueous solution. Results for dinucleotides and tetranucleotides revealed both accurate reproduction of 3 J couplings from NMR and the avoidance of several unphysical states observed with other force fields. Simulations of larger systems with noncanonical motifs showed significant structural improvements over the previous OPLS-AA parameters. The new force field, OPLS-AA/M, is expected to perform competitively with other recent RNA force fields and to be compatible with OPLS-AA models for proteins and small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Yue Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Matthew C. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Julian Tirado-Rives
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - William L. Jorgensen
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
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11
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Agnew HD, Coppock MB, Idso MN, Lai BT, Liang J, McCarthy-Torrens AM, Warren CM, Heath JR. Protein-Catalyzed Capture Agents. Chem Rev 2019; 119:9950-9970. [PMID: 30838853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein-catalyzed capture agents (PCCs) are synthetic and modular peptide-based affinity agents that are developed through the use of single-generation in situ click chemistry screens against large peptide libraries. In such screens, the target protein, or a synthetic epitope fragment of that protein, provides a template for selectively promoting the noncopper catalyzed azide-alkyne dipolar cycloaddition click reaction between either a library peptide and a known ligand or a library peptide and the synthetic epitope. The development of epitope-targeted PCCs was motivated by the desire to fully generalize pioneering work from the Sharpless and Finn groups in which in situ click screens were used to develop potent, divalent enzymatic inhibitors. In fact, a large degree of generality has now been achieved. Various PCCs have demonstrated utility for selective protein detection, as allosteric or direct inhibitors, as modulators of protein folding, and as tools for in vivo tumor imaging. We provide a historical context for PCCs and place them within the broader scope of biological and synthetic aptamers. The development of PCCs is presented as (i) Generation I PCCs, which are branched ligands engineered through an iterative, nonepitope-targeted process, and (ii) Generation II PCCs, which are typically developed from macrocyclic peptide libraries and are precisely epitope-targeted. We provide statistical comparisons of Generation II PCCs relative to monoclonal antibodies in which the protein target is the same. Finally, we discuss current challenges and future opportunities of PCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather D Agnew
- Indi Molecular, Inc. , 6162 Bristol Parkway , Culver City , California 90230 , United States
| | - Matthew B Coppock
- Sensors and Electron Devices Directorate , U.S. Army Research Laboratory , Adelphi , Maryland 20783 , United States
| | - Matthew N Idso
- Institute for Systems Biology , 401 Terry Avenue North , Seattle , Washington 98109-5234 , United States
| | - Bert T Lai
- Indi Molecular, Inc. , 6162 Bristol Parkway , Culver City , California 90230 , United States
| | - JingXin Liang
- Institute for Systems Biology , 401 Terry Avenue North , Seattle , Washington 98109-5234 , United States
| | - Amy M McCarthy-Torrens
- Institute for Systems Biology , 401 Terry Avenue North , Seattle , Washington 98109-5234 , United States
| | - Carmen M Warren
- Indi Molecular, Inc. , 6162 Bristol Parkway , Culver City , California 90230 , United States
| | - James R Heath
- Institute for Systems Biology , 401 Terry Avenue North , Seattle , Washington 98109-5234 , United States
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12
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Timerbulatov SV, Valiev RZ, Timerbulatov MV. [Nanobiomedical technologies in surgery]. Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2018:90-98. [PMID: 29376966 DOI: 10.17116/hirurgia2018190-98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sh V Timerbulatov
- Bashkir State Medical University of Healthcare Ministry of the Russian Federation, Ufa, Russia, Ufa State Aviation Technical University of Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Ufa, Russia
| | - R Z Valiev
- Bashkir State Medical University of Healthcare Ministry of the Russian Federation, Ufa, Russia, Ufa State Aviation Technical University of Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Ufa, Russia
| | - M V Timerbulatov
- Bashkir State Medical University of Healthcare Ministry of the Russian Federation, Ufa, Russia, Ufa State Aviation Technical University of Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Ufa, Russia
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13
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Jasinski D, Haque F, Binzel DW, Guo P. Advancement of the Emerging Field of RNA Nanotechnology. ACS NANO 2017; 11:1142-1164. [PMID: 28045501 PMCID: PMC5333189 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b05737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The field of RNA nanotechnology has advanced rapidly during the past decade. A variety of programmable RNA nanoparticles with defined shape, size, and stoichiometry have been developed for diverse applications in nanobiotechnology. The rising popularity of RNA nanoparticles is due to a number of factors: (1) removing the concern of RNA degradation in vitro and in vivo by introducing chemical modification into nucleotides without significant alteration of the RNA property in folding and self-assembly; (2) confirming the concept that RNA displays very high thermodynamic stability and is suitable for in vivo trafficking and other applications; (3) obtaining the knowledge to tune the immunogenic properties of synthetic RNA constructs for in vivo applications; (4) increased understanding of the 4D structure and intermolecular interaction of RNA molecules; (5) developing methods to control shape, size, and stoichiometry of RNA nanoparticles; (6) increasing knowledge of regulation and processing functions of RNA in cells; (7) decreasing cost of RNA production by biological and chemical synthesis; and (8) proving the concept that RNA is a safe and specific therapeutic modality for cancer and other diseases with little or no accumulation in vital organs. Other applications of RNA nanotechnology, such as adapting them to construct 2D, 3D, and 4D structures for use in tissue engineering, biosensing, resistive biomemory, and potential computer logic gate modules, have stimulated the interest of the scientific community. This review aims to outline the current state of the art of RNA nanoparticles as programmable smart complexes and offers perspectives on the promising avenues of research in this fast-growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel W Binzel
- College of Pharmacy, Division
of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; College of Medicine,
Department of Physiology & Cell Biology; and Dorothy M. Davis
Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio
State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Peixuan Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Division
of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; College of Medicine,
Department of Physiology & Cell Biology; and Dorothy M. Davis
Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio
State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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14
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Aptamer Selection Technology and Recent Advances. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 4:e223. [PMID: 28110747 PMCID: PMC4345306 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2014.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, aptamers have begun to find their way from basic research to diverse commercial applications. The development of diagnostics is even more widespread than clinical applications because aptamers do not have to be extensively modified to enhance their in vivo stability and pharmacokinetics in diagnostic assays. The increasing attention has propelled the technical progress of the in vitro selection technology (SELEX) to enhance the efficiency of developing aptamers for commercially interesting targets. This review highlights recent progress in the technical steps of a SELEX experiment with a focus on high-throughput next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics. Achievements have been made in the optimization of aptamer libraries, separation schemes, amplification of the selected libraries and the identification of aptamer sequences from enriched libraries.
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15
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Fortenberry YM, Brandal SM, Carpentier G, Hemani M, Pathak AP. Intracellular Expression of PAI-1 Specific Aptamers Alters Breast Cancer Cell Migration, Invasion and Angiogenesis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164288. [PMID: 27755560 PMCID: PMC5068744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is elevated in various cancers, where it has been shown to effect cell migration and invasion and angiogenesis. While, PAI-1 is a secreted protein, its intercellular levels are increased in cancer cells. Consequently, intracellular PAI-1 could contribute to cancer progression. While various small molecule inhibitors of PAI-1 are currently being investigated, none specifically target intracellular PAI-1. A class of inhibitors, termed aptamers, has been used effectively in several clinical applications. We previously generated RNA aptamers that target PAI-1 and demonstrated their ability to inhibit extracellular PAI-1. In the current study we explored the effect of these aptamers on intracellular PAI-1. We transiently transfected the PAI-1 specific aptamers into both MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and studied their effects on cell migration, invasion and angiogenesis. Aptamer expressing MDA-MB-231 cells exhibited a decrease in cell migration and invasion. Additionally, intracellular PAI-1 and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) protein levels decreased, while the PAI-1/uPA complex increased. Moreover, a significant decrease in endothelial tube formation in HUVECs transfected with the aptamers was observed. In contrast, conditioned media from aptamer transfected MDA-MB-231 cells displayed a slight pro-angiogenic effect. Collectively, our study shows that expressing functional aptamers inside breast and endothelial cells is feasible and may exhibit therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda M Fortenberry
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.,Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Stephanie M Brandal
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Gilles Carpentier
- Laboratoire CRRET, Faculté des Sciences et Technologie, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 61 avenue du général De Gaulle, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Malvi Hemani
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Arvind P Pathak
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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16
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the components of targeted nanotherapeutics and to review their applications in the treatment of surgical diseases. BACKGROUND Targeted nanotherapeutic is a novel strategy for treating a variety of diseases and is an emerging technology that offers advantages over current treatment strategies. The nanoscale size, combined with the ability to surface functionalize the delivery vehicle to enable targeting and incorporate a therapeutic payload, provides a new and innovative therapeutic platform to treat surgical diseases that has yet to be fully realized in the surgical arena. METHODS A comprehensive literature review of nanotherapeutics, targeting strategies, and their utility in treating surgical diseases is performed. RESULTS Targeted nanotherapeutics have demonstrated safety and biocompatibility in treating surgical diseases. The ability to surface functionalize the nanoparticles affords a unique tailorability that enables targeting specificity and therapeutic payload delivery to treat a variety of surgical diseases. Moreover, the small size and targeting capabilities allow access to biological compartments, such as the blood-brain barrier, that have previously been difficult to treat. CONCLUSIONS Targeted nanotherapeutics represent a novel therapeutic platform and have great potential to impact the treatment of surgical diseases.
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17
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Shah SP, Lonial S, Boise LH. When Cancer Fights Back: Multiple Myeloma, Proteasome Inhibition, and the Heat-Shock Response. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:1163-73. [PMID: 26013169 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell malignancy with an estimated 26,850 new cases and 11,240 deaths in 2015 in the United States. Two main classes of agents are the mainstays of therapy-proteasome inhibitors (PI) and immunomodulatory drugs (IMiD). Other new targets are emerging rapidly, including monoclonal antibodies and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. These therapeutic options have greatly improved overall survival, but currently only 15% to 20% of patients experience long-term progression-free survival or are cured. Therefore, improvement in treatment options is needed. One potential means of improving clinical options is to target resistance mechanisms for current agents. For example, eliminating the cytoprotective heat-shock response that protects myeloma cells from proteasome inhibition may enhance PI-based therapies. The transcription factor heat-shock factor 1 (HSF1) is the master regulator of the heat-shock response. HSF1 is vital in the proteotoxic stress response, and its activation is controlled by posttranslational modifications (PTM). This review details the mechanisms of HSF1 regulation and discusses leveraging that regulation to enhance PI activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shardule P Shah
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship, Cancer Institute of Emory University and the Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sagar Lonial
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship, Cancer Institute of Emory University and the Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lawrence H Boise
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship, Cancer Institute of Emory University and the Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
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18
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Alfaro K, Bustos P, O Sullivan C, Conejeros P. Facile and Cost-Effective Detection of Saxitoxin Exploiting Aptamer Structural Switching. Food Technol Biotechnol 2015; 53:337-341. [PMID: 27904366 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.53.03.15.3911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple method to detect saxitoxin (STX), one of the main components of the paralytic shellfish poison from red tide, has been developed. By using a next generation dye for double-stranded DNA we were able to differentiate fluorescence from STX-binding aptamers when exposed to different concentrations of STX, suggesting a change in aptamer folding upon target binding. The developed method is extremely rapid, only requiring small sample volumes, with quantitative results in the concentration range of 15 ng/mL to 3 µg/mL of STX, with a detection limit of 7.5 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Alfaro
- Centro de Investigación y Gestión de Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de Valparaíso, Gran Bretańa 1111, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Paulina Bustos
- Centro de Investigación y Gestión de Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de Valparaíso, Gran Bretańa 1111, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Ciara O Sullivan
- Nanobiotechnology and Bioanalysis Group, Department of Chemical Engineering,
Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 ES-Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pablo Conejeros
- Centro de Investigación y Gestión de Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de Valparaíso, Gran Bretańa 1111, Valparaíso, Chile
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19
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Clark BS, Blackshaw S. Long non-coding RNA-dependent transcriptional regulation in neuronal development and disease. Front Genet 2014; 5:164. [PMID: 24936207 PMCID: PMC4047558 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive analysis of the mammalian transcriptome has revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may make up a large fraction of cellular transcripts. Recent years have seen a surge of studies aimed at functionally characterizing the role of lncRNAs in development and disease. In this review, we discuss new findings implicating lncRNAs in controlling development of the central nervous system (CNS). The evolution of the higher vertebrate brain has been accompanied by an increase in the levels and complexities of lncRNAs expressed within the developing nervous system. Although a limited number of CNS-expressed lncRNAs are now known to modulate the activity of proteins important for neuronal differentiation, the function of the vast majority of neuronal-expressed lncRNAs is still unknown. Topics of intense current interest include the mechanism by which CNS-expressed lncRNAs might function in epigenetic and transcriptional regulation during neuronal development, and how gain and loss of function of individual lncRNAs contribute to neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Clark
- Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Seth Blackshaw
- Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA ; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA ; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA ; Center for High-Throughput Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA ; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA
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20
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Zhao N, Pei SN, Parekh P, Salazar E, Zu Y. Blocking interaction of viral gp120 and CD4-expressing T cells by single-stranded DNA aptamers. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 51:10-8. [PMID: 24661998 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the potential clinical application of aptamers to prevention of HIV infection, single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) aptamers specific for CD4 were developed using the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment approach and next generation sequencing. In contrast to RNA-based aptamers, the developed ssDNA aptamers were stable in human serum up to 12h. Cell binding assays revealed that the aptamers specifically targeted CD4-expressing cells with high binding affinity (Kd=1.59nM), a concentration within the range required for therapeutic application. Importantly, the aptamers selectively bound CD4 on human cells and disrupted the interaction of viral gp120 to CD4 receptors, which is a prerequisite step of HIV-1 infection. Functional studies showed that the aptamer polymers significantly blocked binding of viral gp120 to CD4-expressing cells by up to 70% inhibition. These findings provide a new approach to prevent HIV-1 transmission using oligonucleotide aptamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianxi Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, and Cancer Pathology Laboratory, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sung-nan Pei
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, and Cancer Pathology Laboratory, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Parag Parekh
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, and Cancer Pathology Laboratory, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eric Salazar
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, and Cancer Pathology Laboratory, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Youli Zu
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, and Cancer Pathology Laboratory, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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21
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Binning JM, Wang T, Luthra P, Shabman RS, Borek DM, Liu G, Xu W, Leung DW, Basler CF, Amarasinghe GK. Development of RNA aptamers targeting Ebola virus VP35. Biochemistry 2013; 52:8406-19. [PMID: 24067086 DOI: 10.1021/bi400704d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Viral protein 35 (VP35), encoded by filoviruses, is a multifunctional dsRNA binding protein that plays important roles in viral replication, innate immune evasion, and pathogenesis. The multifunctional nature of these proteins also presents opportunities to develop countermeasures that target distinct functional regions. However, functional validation and the establishment of therapeutic approaches toward such multifunctional proteins, particularly for nonenzymatic targets, are often challenging. Our previous work on filoviral VP35 proteins defined conserved basic residues located within its C-terminal dsRNA binding interferon (IFN) inhibitory domain (IID) as important for VP35 mediated IFN antagonism and viral polymerase cofactor functions. In the current study, we used a combination of structural and functional data to determine regions of Ebola virus (EBOV) VP35 (eVP35) to target for aptamer selection using SELEX. Select aptamers, representing, two distinct classes, were further characterized based on their interaction properties to eVP35 IID. These results revealed that these aptamers bind to distinct regions of eVP35 IID with high affinity (10-50 nM) and specificity. These aptamers can compete with dsRNA for binding to eVP35 and disrupt the eVP35-nucleoprotein (NP) interaction. Consistent with the ability to antagonize the eVP35-NP interaction, select aptamers can inhibit the function of the EBOV polymerase complex reconstituted by the expression of select viral proteins. Taken together, our results support the identification of two aptamers that bind filoviral VP35 proteins with high affinity and specificity and have the capacity to potentially function as filoviral VP35 protein inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Binning
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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22
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Abstract
RNA molecules are highly modular components that can be used in a variety of contexts for building new metabolic, regulatory and genetic circuits in cells. The majority of synthetic RNA systems to date predominately rely on two-dimensional modularity. However, a better understanding and integration of three-dimensional RNA modularity at structural and functional levels is critical to the development of more complex, functional bio-systems and molecular machines for synthetic biology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade Grabow
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seattle Pacific University3307 Third Avenue West, Seattle, WA 98119USA
| | - Luc Jaeger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bio-Molecular Science and Engineering Program, University of CaliforniaSanta Barbara, CA 93106-9510USA
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23
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Abstract
One fascinating recent avenue of study in the field of synthetic biology is the creation of biomolecule-based computers. The main components of a computing device consist of an arithmetic logic unit, the control unit, memory, and the input and output devices. Boolean logic gates are at the core of the operational machinery of these parts, and hence to make biocomputers a reality, biomolecular logic gates become a necessity. Indeed, with the advent of more sophisticated biological tools, both nucleic acid- and protein-based logic systems have been generated. These devices function in the context of either test tubes or living cells and yield highly specific outputs given a set of inputs. In this review, we discuss various types of biomolecular logic gates that have been synthesized, with particular emphasis on recent developments that promise increased complexity of logic gate circuitry, improved computational speed, and potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Miyamoto
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205
| | - Shiva Razavi
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205
| | - Robert DeRose
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205
| | - Takanari Inoue
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205
- PRESTO Investigator, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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24
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Wang X, Yang Y, Jia M, Ma C, Wang M, Che L, Yang Y, Wu J. The novel amyloid-beta peptide aptamer inhibits intracellular amyloid-beta peptide toxicity. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:39-48. [PMID: 25206370 PMCID: PMC4107502 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β peptide binding alcohol dehydrogenase (ABAD) decoy peptide (DP) can competitively antagonize binding of amyloid β peptide to ABAD and inhibit the cytotoxic effects of amyloid β peptide. Based on peptide aptamers, the present study inserted ABAD-DP into the disulfide bond of human thioredoxin (TRX) using molecular cloning technique to construct a fusion gene that can express the TRX1-ABAD-DP-TRX2 aptamer. Moreover, adeno-associated virus was used to allow its stable expression. Immunofluorescent staining revealed the co-expression of the transduced fusion gene TRX1-ABAD-DP-TRX2 and amyloid β peptide in NIH-3T3 cells, indicating that the TRX1-ABAD-DP-TRX2 aptamer can bind amyloid β peptide within cells. In addition, cell morphology and MTT results suggested that TRX1-ABAD-DP-TRX2 attenuated amyloid β peptide-induced SH-SY5Y cell injury and improved cell viability. These findings confirmed the possibility of constructing TRX-based peptide aptamer using ABAD-DP. Moreover, TRX1-ABAD-DP-TRX2 inhibited the cytotoxic effect of amyloid β peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Mingyue Jia
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chi Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Mingyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lihe Che
- Department of Infection, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
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25
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Zhou J, Bobbin ML, Burnett JC, Rossi JJ. Current progress of RNA aptamer-based therapeutics. Front Genet 2012; 3:234. [PMID: 23130020 PMCID: PMC3486975 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2012.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are single-stranded nucleic acids that specifically recognize and bind tightly to their cognate targets due to their stable three-dimensional structure. Nucleic acid aptamers have been developed for various applications, including diagnostics, molecular imaging, biomarker discovery, target validation, therapeutics, and drug delivery. Due to their high specificity and binding affinity, aptamers directly block or interrupt the functions of target proteins making them promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of human maladies. Additionally, aptamers that bind to cell surface proteins are well suited for the targeted delivery of other therapeutics, such as conjugated small interfering RNAs (siRNA) that induce RNA interference (RNAi). Thus, aptamer-siRNA chimeras may offer dual-functions, in which the aptamer inhibits a receptor function, while the siRNA internalizes into the cell to target a specific mRNA. This review focuses on the current progress and therapeutic potential of RNA aptamers, including the use of cell-internalizing aptamers as cell-type specific delivery vehicles for targeted RNAi. In particular, we discuss emerging aptamer-based therapeutics that provide unique clinical opportunities for the treatment various cancers and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehua Zhou
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Duarte, CA, USA
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