Choi H, Cho B, Masamune K, Hashizume M, Hong J. An effective visualization technique for depth perception in augmented reality-based surgical navigation.
Int J Med Robot 2015;
12:62-72. [PMID:
25951494 DOI:
10.1002/rcs.1657]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Depth perception is a major issue in augmented reality (AR)-based surgical navigation. We propose an AR and virtual reality (VR) switchable visualization system with distance information, and evaluate its performance in a surgical navigation set-up.
METHODS
To improve depth perception, seamless switching from AR to VR was implemented. In addition, the minimum distance between the tip of the surgical tool and the nearest organ was provided in real time. To evaluate the proposed techniques, five physicians and 20 non-medical volunteers participated in experiments.
RESULTS
Targeting error, time taken, and numbers of collisions were measured in simulation experiments. There was a statistically significant difference between a simple AR technique and the proposed technique.
CONCLUSIONS
We confirmed that depth perception in AR could be improved by the proposed seamless switching between AR and VR, and providing an indication of the minimum distance also facilitated the surgical tasks.
Collapse