1
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Groppo E, Rojas-Buzo S, Bordiga S. The Role of In Situ/ Operando IR Spectroscopy in Unraveling Adsorbate-Induced Structural Changes in Heterogeneous Catalysis. Chem Rev 2023; 123:12135-12169. [PMID: 37882638 PMCID: PMC10636737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysts undergo thermal- and/or adsorbate-induced dynamic changes under reaction conditions, which consequently modify their catalytic behavior. Hence, it is increasingly crucial to characterize the properties of a catalyst under reaction conditions through the so-called "operando" approach. Operando IR spectroscopy is probably one of the most ubiquitous and versatile characterization methods in the field of heterogeneous catalysis, but its potential in identifying adsorbate- and thermal-induced phenomena is often overlooked in favor of other less accessible methods, such as XAS spectroscopy and high-resolution microscopy. Without detracting from these techniques, and while aware of the enormous value of a multitechnique approach, the purpose of this Review is to show that IR spectroscopy alone can provide relevant information in this field. This is done by discussing a few selected case studies from our own research experience, which belong to the categories of both "single-site"- and nanoparticle-based catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Groppo
- Department of Chemistry,
NIS Centre and INSTM, University of Torino, via Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Sergio Rojas-Buzo
- Department of Chemistry,
NIS Centre and INSTM, University of Torino, via Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Bordiga
- Department of Chemistry,
NIS Centre and INSTM, University of Torino, via Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
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2
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Zhu B, Liu K, Luo L, Zhang Z, Xiao Y, Sun M, Jie S, Wang WJ, Hu J, Shi S, Wang Q, Li BG, Liu P. Covalent Organic Framework-Supported Metallocene for Ethylene Polymerization. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300913. [PMID: 37341127 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The loading of homogeneous catalysts with support can dramatically improve their performance in olefin polymerization. However, the challenge lies in the development of supported catalysts with well-defined pore structures and good compatibility to achieve high catalytic activity and product performance. Herein, we report the use of an emergent class of porous material-covalent organic framework material (COF) as a carrier to support metallocene catalyst-Cp2 ZrCl2 for ethylene polymerization. The COF-supported catalyst demonstrates a higher catalytic activity of 31.1×106 g mol-1 h-1 at 140 °C, compared with 11.2×106 g mol-1 h-1 for the homogenous one. The resulting polyethylene (PE) products possess higher weight-average molecular weight (Mw ) and narrower molecular weight distribution (Ð) after COF supporting, that is, Mw increases from 160 to 308 kDa and Ð drops from 3.3 to 2.2. The melting point (Tm ) is also increased by up to 5.2 °C. Moreover, the PE product possesses a characteristic filamentous microstructure and demonstrates an increased tensile strength from 19.0 to 30.7 MPa and elongation at break from 350 to 1400 % after catalyst loading. We believe that the use of COF carriers will facilitate the future development of supported catalysts for highly efficient olefin polymerization and high-performance polyolefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangban Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Kan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Liqiong Luo
- National-Certified Enterprise Technology Center, Kingfa Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510663, P. R. China
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, 99 Zheda Rd, Quzhou, 324000, P. R. China
| | - Yangke Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Minghao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Suyun Jie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, 99 Zheda Rd, Quzhou, 324000, P. R. China
| | - Jijiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Shengbin Shi
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, 99 Zheda Rd, Quzhou, 324000, P. R. China
| | - Qingyue Wang
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, 99 Zheda Rd, Quzhou, 324000, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Geng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Pingwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, 99 Zheda Rd, Quzhou, 324000, P. R. China
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3
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Ji L, Song P, Zhou Y, Sun XL, Gao Y, Tang Y. A tridentate phenoxy-phosphine (POP) divalent chromium complex and its reactivities in olefin polymerization. Polym Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01509a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We reported the synthesis and characterization of a Cr(ii) complex based on a tridentate phenoxy-phosphine ligand and studied its reactivities in ethylene and norbornene homopolymerization and ethylene copolymerization with norbornene or 1-octene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ji
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Song
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong, China
| | - Youyun Zhou
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiu-Li Sun
- State key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanshan Gao
- State key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong, China
- State key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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4
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Huang C, Liu Z, Liu B, Terano M, Jin Y. Computational Insights into the Multisite Nature of the Phillips CrO x/SiO 2 Catalyst for Ethylene Polymerization: The Perspective of Chromasiloxane Ring Size and F Modification. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cuimin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510630, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Boping Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510630, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minoru Terano
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Yulong Jin
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510630, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510630, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Jongkind MK, Meirer F, Bossers KW, ten Have IC, Ohldag H, Watts B, van Kessel T, Friederichs N, Weckhuysen BM. Influence of Metal-Alkyls on Early-Stage Ethylene Polymerization over a Cr/SiO 2 Phillips Catalyst: A Bulk Characterization and X-ray Chemical Imaging Study. Chemistry 2021; 27:1688-1699. [PMID: 32729972 PMCID: PMC7898848 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The Cr/SiO2 Phillips catalyst has taken a central role in ethylene polymerization since its invention in 1953. The uniqueness of this catalyst is related to its ability to produce broad molecular weight distribution (MWD) PE materials as well as that no co-catalysts are required to attain activity. Nonetheless, co-catalysts in the form of metal-alkyls can be added for scavenging poisons, enhancing catalyst activity, reducing the induction period, and tailoring polymer characteristics. The activation mechanism and related polymerization mechanism remain elusive, despite extensive industrial and academic research. Here, we show that by varying the type and amount of metal-alkyl co-catalyst, we can tailor polymer properties around a single Cr/SiO2 Phillips catalyst formulation. Furthermore, we show that these different polymer properties exist in the early stages of polymerization. We have used conventional polymer characterization techniques, such as size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and 13 C NMR, for studying the metal-alkyl co-catalyst effect on short-chain branching (SCB), long-chain branching (LCB) and molecular weight distribution (MWD) at the bulk scale. In addition, scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) was used as a synchrotron technique to study the PE formation in the early stages: allowing us to investigate the produced type of early-stage PE within one particle cross-section with high energy resolution and nanometer scale spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten K. Jongkind
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterial ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Florian Meirer
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterial ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Koen W. Bossers
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterial ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Iris C. ten Have
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterial ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Ohldag
- Advanced Light Source, MicroscopyLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCA94720USA
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringStanford University450 Serra MallStanfordCA943505USA
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of California Santa Cruz1156 High StreetSanta CruzCA95064USA
| | - Benjamin Watts
- Laboratory for Synchotron Radiation—Condensed Matter (LSC)Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI)Forschungsstrasse 1115232VilligenSwitzerland
| | - Theo van Kessel
- Technology and Innovation DepartmentSABICUrmonderbaan 226167 RDGeleenThe Netherlands
| | - Nic. Friederichs
- Technology and Innovation DepartmentSABICUrmonderbaan 226167 RDGeleenThe Netherlands
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterial ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
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6
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Jongkind MK, van Kessel T, Velthoen MEZ, Friederichs N, Weckhuysen BM. Tuning the Redox Chemistry of a Cr/SiO 2 Phillips Catalyst for Controlling Activity, Induction Period and Polymer Properties. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:1665-1674. [PMID: 32539171 PMCID: PMC7496818 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Cr/SiO2 Phillips catalyst has taken a central role in ethylene polymerization ever since its discovery in 1953. This catalyst is unique compared to other ethylene polymerization catalysts, since it is active without the addition of a metal-alkyl co-catalyst. However, metal-alkyls can be added for scavenging poisons, enhancing the catalyst activity, reducing the induction period and altering polymer characteristics. Despite extensive research into the working state of the catalyst, still no consensus has been reached. Here, we show that by varying the type of metal-alkyl co-catalyst and its amount, the Cr redox chemistry can be tailored, resulting in distinct catalyst activities, induction periods, and polymer characteristics. We have used in-situ UV-Vis-NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) for studying the Cr oxidation state during the reduction by tri-ethyl borane (TEB) or tri-ethyl aluminum (TEAl) and during subsequent ethylene polymerization. The results show that TEB primarily acts as a reductant and reduces Cr6+ with subsequent ethylene polymerization resulting in rapid polyethylene formation. TEAl generated two types of Cr2+ sites, inaccessible Cr3+ sites and active Cr4+ sites. Subsequent addition of ethylene also revealed an increased reducibility of residual Cr6+ sites and resulted in rapid polyethylene formation. Our results demonstrate the possibility of controlling the reduction chemistry by adding the proper amount and type of metal-alkyl for obtaining desired catalyst activities and tailored polyethylene characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten K. Jongkind
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterial ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Theo van Kessel
- SABICTechnology and Innovation DepartmentUrmonderbaan 226167RD GeleenThe Netherlands
| | - Marjolein E. Z. Velthoen
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterial ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Nic. Friederichs
- SABICTechnology and Innovation DepartmentUrmonderbaan 226167RD GeleenThe Netherlands
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterial ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
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7
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Liu Y, Zhang R, Ren H, Liu Y, Ling S, Zhang H, Liu B, Cheng R. CrV Bimetallic Phillips Catalyst Prepared by Citric Acid‐Assisted Impregnation on Ethylene Polymerization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Daqing Petrochemical Research CenterCNPC NO. 2 Chengxiang Road Daqing Heilongjiang 163000 P. R. China
| | - He Ren
- Daqing Petrochemical Research CenterCNPC NO. 2 Chengxiang Road Daqing Heilongjiang 163000 P. R. China
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Shijia Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Boping Liu
- College of Materials and EnergySouth China Agricultural University Wushan Road 483 Guangzhou 510642 P. R. China
| | - Ruihua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
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8
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Nauert SL, Rosen AS, Kim H, Snurr RQ, Stair PC, Notestein JM. Evidence for Copper Dimers in Low-Loaded CuOx/SiO2 Catalysts for Cyclohexane Oxidative Dehydrogenation. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott L. Nauert
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Andrew S. Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hacksung Kim
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis and Surface Science, and Institute for Catalysis in Energy Processes, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Randall Q. Snurr
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Peter C. Stair
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis and Surface Science, and Institute for Catalysis in Energy Processes, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Justin M. Notestein
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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9
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Copéret C, Allouche F, Chan KW, Conley MP, Delley MF, Fedorov A, Moroz IB, Mougel V, Pucino M, Searles K, Yamamoto K, Zhizhko PA. Bridging the Gap between Industrial and Well‐Defined Supported Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6398-6440. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Florian Allouche
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Ka Wing Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Matthew P. Conley
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
- Current address: Department of ChemistryUniversity of California, Riverside 501 Big Springs Road Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Murielle F. Delley
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Alexey Fedorov
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Ilia B. Moroz
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Victor Mougel
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
- Current address: Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR CNRS 8229, Collège de FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie Curie 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot 75005 Paris France
| | - Margherita Pucino
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Keith Searles
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Keishi Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Pavel A. Zhizhko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement CompoundsRussian Academy of Sciences Vavilov street 28 119991 Moscow Russia
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10
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Copéret C, Allouche F, Chan KW, Conley MP, Delley MF, Fedorov A, Moroz IB, Mougel V, Pucino M, Searles K, Yamamoto K, Zhizhko PA. Eine Brücke zwischen industriellen und wohldefinierten Trägerkatalysatoren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Copéret
- Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Florian Allouche
- Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Ka Wing Chan
- Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Matthew P. Conley
- Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Schweiz
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of California, Riverside 501 Big Springs Road Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Murielle F. Delley
- Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Alexey Fedorov
- Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Ilia B. Moroz
- Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Victor Mougel
- Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Schweiz
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR CNRS 8229, Collège de FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie Curie 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot 75005 Paris Frankreich
| | - Margherita Pucino
- Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Keith Searles
- Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Keishi Yamamoto
- Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Pavel A. Zhizhko
- Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Schweiz
- A. N. Nesmeyanow-Institut für Elementorganische VerbindungenRussische Akademie der Wissenschaften Vavilov str. 28 119991 Moskau Russland
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11
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Pan Q, Li L, Shaikhutdinov S, Freund HJ. Planar model system of the Phillips (Cr/SiO2) catalyst based on a well-defined thin silicate film. J Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2017.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Sun Q, Cheng R, Liu Z, He X, Zhao N, Liu B. Effect of Fluoride-Modification on the Phillips Cr/SiO2
Catalyst for Ethylene Polymerization. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201700375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road 200237 Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Ruihua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road 200237 Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road 200237 Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Xuelian He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road 200237 Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road 200237 Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Boping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai P.R. China
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13
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Delley MF, Lapadula G, Núñez-Zarur F, Comas-Vives A, Kalendra V, Jeschke G, Baabe D, Walter MD, Rossini AJ, Lesage A, Emsley L, Maury O, Copéret C. Local Structures and Heterogeneity of Silica-Supported M(III) Sites Evidenced by EPR, IR, NMR, and Luminescence Spectroscopies. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:8855-8867. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Murielle F. Delley
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
1-5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Lapadula
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
1-5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Francisco Núñez-Zarur
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
1-5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Facultad
de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Medellín, Carrera 87 N 30-65, 050026 Medellín, Colombia
| | - Aleix Comas-Vives
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
1-5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Vidmantas Kalendra
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
1-5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Faculty
of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 9, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gunnar Jeschke
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
1-5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Baabe
- Institut
für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, TU Braunschweig, Hagenring
30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marc D. Walter
- Institut
für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, TU Braunschweig, Hagenring
30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Aaron J. Rossini
- Institut
des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne Lesage
- Centre de
RMN à Tres Hauts Champs, Institut de Sciences Analytiques, Université de Lyon (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon 1), 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut
des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Maury
- Laboratoire
de Chimie de l‘ENS Lyon, Université de Lyon (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB LyonUMR 5182), 46 alleé d’Italie, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
1-5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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14
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Sun Q, Wang L, Cheng R, Liu Z, He X, Zhao N, Liu B. A Novel SiO2-Supported Fluorine Modified Chromium-Vanadium Bimetallic Catalyst for Ethylene Polymerization and Ethylene/1-Hexene Copolymerization. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201600055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Lisong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Ruihua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Xuelian He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Ning Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Boping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
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15
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Cicmil D, Meeuwissen J, Vantomme A, Weckhuysen BM. Real-time Analysis of a Working Triethylaluminium-Modified Cr/Ti/SiO 2 Ethylene Polymerization Catalyst with In Situ Infrared Spectroscopy. ChemCatChem 2016; 8:1937-1944. [PMID: 27840661 PMCID: PMC5084731 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform (DRIFT) study has been conducted at 373 K and 1 bar on an industrial Cr/Ti/SiO2 Phillips-type catalyst modified with, and without, triethylaluminium (TEAl) as co-catalyst. The reaction rate of the polymerization of ethylene, as monitored by the increase in the methylene stretching band of the growing polyethylene (PE), has been investigated as a function of the titanium content. After an initial period of mixed kinetics, with the reaction rate significantly higher for the TEAl-modified catalysts compared with the non-modified catalysts, the polymerization proceeded as a pseudo-zero-order reaction with a reaction rate that increased as a function of titanium loading. Furthermore, it was found that the higher Ti loading caused the appearance of more acidic hydroxyl groups and modified the Cr sites by making them more Lewis acidic, ultimately shortening the induction time and increasing the initial polymerization rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrije Cicmil
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Jurjen Meeuwissen
- Refining & ChemicalsTotal Research and Technology FeluyZone Industrielle CB-7181SeneffeBelgium
| | - Aurélien Vantomme
- Refining & ChemicalsTotal Research and Technology FeluyZone Industrielle CB-7181SeneffeBelgium
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
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16
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Cicmil D, van Ravenhorst IK, Meeuwissen J, Vantomme A, Weckhuysen BM. Structure–performance relationships of Cr/Ti/SiO2 catalysts modified with TEAl for oligomerisation of ethylene: tuning the selectivity towards 1-hexene. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy01512j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ethylene oligomerisation properties of TEAl-modified Cr/Ti/SiO2 ethylene polymerisation Phillips-type catalysts studied with in situ UV-vis-NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and gas chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Cicmil
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - I. K. van Ravenhorst
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - J. Meeuwissen
- Total Research and Technology Feluy
- B-7181 Seneffe
- Belgium
| | - A. Vantomme
- Total Research and Technology Feluy
- B-7181 Seneffe
- Belgium
| | - B. M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
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17
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Reprint of: Effect of Mo-modification over Phillips CrOx/SiO2 catalyst for ethylene polymerization. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Cicmil D, Meeuwissen J, Vantomme A, Wang J, van Ravenhorst IK, van der Bij HE, Muñoz-Murillo A, Weckhuysen BM. Polyethylene with Reverse Co-monomer Incorporation: From an Industrial Serendipitous Discovery to Fundamental Understanding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13073-9. [PMID: 26349452 PMCID: PMC4643190 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A triethylaluminium(TEAl)-modified Phillips ethylene polymerisation Cr/Ti/SiO2 catalyst has been developed with two distinct active regions positioned respectively in the inner core and outer shell of the catalyst particle. DRIFTS, EPR, UV-Vis-NIR DRS, STXM, SEM-EDX and GPC-IR studies revealed that the catalyst produces simultaneously two different polymers, i.e., low molecular weight linear-chain polyethylene in the Ti-abundant catalyst particle shell and high molecular weight short-chain branched polyethylene in the Ti-scarce catalyst particle core. Co-monomers for the short-chain branched polymer were generated in situ within the TEAl-impregnated confined space of the Ti-scarce catalyst particle core in close proximity to the active sites that produced the high molecular weight polymer. These results demonstrate that the catalyst particle architecture directly affects polymer composition, offering the perspective of making high-performance polyethylene from a single reactor system using this modified Phillips catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrije Cicmil
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht (The Netherlands)
| | - Jurjen Meeuwissen
- Refining & Chemicals, Total Research and Technology Feluy, Zone Industrielle C, 7181 Seneffe (Belgium)
| | - Aurélien Vantomme
- Refining & Chemicals, Total Research and Technology Feluy, Zone Industrielle C, 7181 Seneffe (Belgium)
| | - Jian Wang
- Soft X-ray Spectromicroscopy, Canadian Light Source Inc., 44 Innovation Boulevard, SK S7N 2V3 Saskatoon (Canada)
| | - Ilse K van Ravenhorst
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht (The Netherlands)
| | - Hendrik E van der Bij
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht (The Netherlands)
| | - Ara Muñoz-Murillo
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht (The Netherlands)
| | - Bert M Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht (The Netherlands).
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19
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Cicmil D, Meeuwissen J, Vantomme A, Wang J, van Ravenhorst IK, van der Bij HE, Muñoz-Murillo A, Weckhuysen BM. Polyethylene with Reverse Co-monomer Incorporation: From an Industrial Serendipitous Discovery to Fundamental Understanding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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21
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Cheng R, Xue X, Liu W, Zhao N, He X, Liu Z, Liu B. Novel SiO2-Supported Chromium Oxide(Cr)/Vanadium Oxide(V) Bimetallic Catalysts for Production of Bimodal Polyethylene. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201400072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Xin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Ning Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Xuelian He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Boping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
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22
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Ma Y, Wang L, Liu Z, Cheng R, Zhong L, Yang Y, He X, Fang Y, Terano M, Liu B. High-resolution XPS and DFT investigations into Al-modified Phillips CrOx/SiO2 catalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2015.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Zhao N, Cheng R, He X, Liu Z, Liu B, Zhang R, Gao Y, Zou E, Wang S. Novel SiO2
-Supported Silyl-Chromate(Cr)/Imido-Vanadium(V) Bimetallic Catalysts Producing Polyethylene and Ethylene/1-Hexene Copolymers with Bimodal Molecular-Weight Distribution. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201400204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Ruihua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Xuelian He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Boping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Daqing Petrochemical Research Center; Petrochemical Research Institute of PetroChina; Chengxiang Road 2 Daqing City Heilongjiang Province 163714 China
| | - Yuxin Gao
- Daqing Petrochemical Research Center; Petrochemical Research Institute of PetroChina; Chengxiang Road 2 Daqing City Heilongjiang Province 163714 China
| | - Enguang Zou
- Daqing Petrochemical Research Center; Petrochemical Research Institute of PetroChina; Chengxiang Road 2 Daqing City Heilongjiang Province 163714 China
| | - Sihan Wang
- Daqing Petrochemical Research Center; Petrochemical Research Institute of PetroChina; Chengxiang Road 2 Daqing City Heilongjiang Province 163714 China
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24
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Zhao N, Cheng R, He X, Liu Z, Liu B. A Novel SiO2
-Supported Cr-V Bimetallic Catalyst Making Polyethylene and Ethylene/1-Hexene Copolymers with Bimodal Molecular Weight Distribution. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201400094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Ruihua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Xuelian He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Boping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
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25
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Liu Z, He X, Cheng R, Eisen MS, Terano M, Scott SL, Liu B. Chromium Catalysts for Ethylene Polymerization and Oligomerization. CATALYSIS AND KINETICS - MOLECULAR LEVEL CONSIDERATIONS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-419974-3.00003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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