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Beneficial effects of a medicinal herb, Cirsium japonicum var. maackii, extract and its major component, cirsimaritin on breast cancer metastasis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:3968-3973. [PMID: 28784292 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The biological activities of the ethanol extract from Cirsium japonicum var. maackii (ICF-1) and its major component, polyphenol cirsimaritin, were investigated as part of the search for possible alternative drugs for breast cancer. Three in vitro cell-based assays were used: the cell proliferation assay, tube-formation assay, and Western blot analysis. Both the ICF-1 extract and cirsimaritin inhibited the viability of HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition achieved was 36.89% at a level of 200μg/ml by the ICF-1 extract and 62.04% at a level of 100μM by cirsimaritin. The ICF-1 extract and cirsimaritin reduced tube formation by 12.69% at level of 25μg/ml and 32.18% at the levels of 6.25μM, respectively. Cirsimaritin inhibited angiogenesis by downregulation of VEGF, p-Akt and p-ERK in MDA-MB-231 cells, suggesting that cirsimaritin is potentially useful as an anti-metastatic agent. The present study demonstrated that Cirsium japonicum extract and its active component cirsimaritin is an excellent candidate as an alternative anti-breast cancer drug.
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Buehning LJ, Hedayat KM, Sachdeva A, Golshan S, Lapraz JC. A novel use of biomarkers in the modeling of cancer activity based on the theory of endobiogeny. Glob Adv Health Med 2014; 3:55-60. [PMID: 25105079 PMCID: PMC4104563 DOI: 10.7453/gahmj.2013.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cancer is a complex disorder whose detection and monitoring remains challenging. A biological
modeling system, the biology of functions (BoF), claims to be able to evaluate physiologic elements
related to carcinogenic activity. A pilot study was undertaken to evaluate the accuracy of the BoF
in detecting differences between cancer cases and matched controls. Materials and Methods: A retrospective case control study was performed using the BoF analyses of 46 patients with all
types of solid and hematgenous cancers, active and inactive (total cases), and 46 controls from a
private practice. The standard BoF panel of 17 biomarkers was evaluated. Sixty-two of 150 BoF
indices derived from these biomarkers were pre-selected for analysis based on their relationship to
cancer physiology. The data was analyzed with the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test using SPSS
software. Results: Of the 62 indices, 7 were found to be statistically significant in comparing total cancer cases
to controls: βMSH/αMSH, Estrogen Fraction #5, Comparative Genital Androgeny, Thyroid,
Genito-thyroid, Catabolism/Anabolism and Pro-inflammatory. Conclusions: In a small retrospective case control study, statistically significant differences were found
between cancer cases and controls in 7 BoF indices. These indices are indicators of physiological
conditions consistent with cancer growth. These results warrant further study of this biological
modeling system in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Buehning
- Samueli Institute, San Diego, University of California at San Diego/ San Diego State University Preventive Medicine Program, California (Dr Buehning), United States
| | - Kamyar M Hedayat
- American Society of Endobiogenic Medicine and Integrative Physiology (ASEMIP), San Diego (Dr Hedayat), United States
| | | | - Shahrokh Golshan
- University of California at San Diego Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, California (Dr Golshan), United States
| | - Jean Claude Lapraz
- Société internationale de médecine endobiogénique et de physiologie intégrative (SIMEPI), Paris, France (Dr Lapraz)
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Lapraz JC, Hedayat KM, Pauly P. Endobiogeny: a global approach to systems biology (part 2 of 2). Glob Adv Health Med 2014; 2:32-44. [PMID: 24416662 PMCID: PMC3833520 DOI: 10.7453/gahmj.2013.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ENDOBIOGENY AND THE BIOLOGY OF FUNCTIONS ARE BASED ON FOUR SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS THAT ARE KNOWN AND GENERALLY ACCEPTED: (1) human physiology is complex and multifactorial and exhibits the properties of a system; (2) the endocrine system manages metabolism, which is the basis of the continuity of life; (3) the metabolic activity managed by the endocrine system results in the output of biomarkers that reflect the functional achievement of specific aspects of metabolism; and (4) when biomarkers are related to each other in ratios, it contextualizes one type of function relative to another to which is it linked anatomically, sequentially, chronologically, biochemically, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Lapraz
- Société internationale de médecine endobiogénique et de physiologie intégrative, Paris, France
| | - Kamyar M Hedayat
- American Society of Endobiogenic Medicine and Integrative physiology, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Patrice Pauly
- Société internationale de médecine endobiogénique et de physiologie intégrative, Paris, France
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Arslan AA, Koenig KL, Lenner P, Afanasyeva Y, Shore RE, Chen Y, Lundin E, Toniolo P, Hallmans G, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A. Circulating estrogen metabolites and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:1290-7. [PMID: 24769889 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been hypothesized that predominance of the 2-hydroxylation estrogen metabolism pathway over the 16α-hydroxylation pathway may be inversely associated with breast cancer risk. METHODS We examined the associations of invasive breast cancer risk with circulating 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE1), 16α-hydroxyestrone (16α-OHE1), and the 2-OHE1:16α-OHE1 ratio in a case-control study of postmenopausal women nested within two prospective cohorts: the New York University Women's Health Study (NYUWHS) and the Northern Sweden Mammary Screening Cohort (NSMSC), with adjustment for circulating levels of estrone, and additional analyses by tumor estrogen receptor (ER) status. Levels of 2-OHE1 and 16α-OHE1 were measured using ESTRAMET 2/16 assay in stored serum or plasma samples from 499 incident breast cancer cases and 499 controls, who were matched on cohort, age, and date of blood donation. RESULTS Overall, no significant associations were observed between breast cancer risk and circulating levels of 2-OHE1, 16α-OHE1, or their ratio in either cohort and in combined analyses. For 2-OHE1, there was evidence of heterogeneity by ER status in models adjusting for estrone (P ≤ 0.03). We observed a protective association of 2-OHE1 with ER+ breast cancer [multivariate-adjusted OR for a doubling of 2-OHE1, 0.67 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48-0.94; P = 0.02)]. CONCLUSIONS In this study, higher levels of 2-OHE1 were associated with reduced risk of ER+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women after adjustment for circulating estrone. IMPACT These results suggest that taking into account the levels of parent estrogens and ER status is important in studies of estrogen metabolites and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan A Arslan
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Population Health, and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine; New York University Cancer Institute, New York, New York; Departments of
| | - Karen L Koenig
- Population Health, and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Roy E Shore
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yu Chen
- Population Health, and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine; New York University Cancer Institute, New York, New York; Departments of
| | | | - Paolo Toniolo
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York, New York; Departments of
| | - Göran Hallmans
- Public Health and Clinical Medicine/Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; and
| | - Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
- Population Health, and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine; New York University Cancer Institute, New York, New York; Departments of
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Glaser RL, Dimitrakakis C. Reduced breast cancer incidence in women treated with subcutaneous testosterone, or testosterone with anastrozole: A prospective, observational study. Maturitas 2013; 76:342-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Chen JH, Chen WP, Chan S, Yeh DC, Su MY, McLaren CE. Correlation of endogenous hormonal levels, fibroglandular tissue volume and percent density measured using 3D MRI during one menstrual cycle. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:2329-35. [PMID: 23661294 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We measured breast density (BD) on MRI and correlated with endogenous hormonal levels. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-four premenopausal women received four weekly breast MRI. A blood sample was collected on the same day of MRI. BD was measured using a computer-based algorithm. The generalized estimation equation method was applied to model mean fibroglandular tissue volume (FV) and mean percent density (PD) from predictor variables including estradiol, progesterone, and week during a cycle. RESULTS In week 3, a borderline significant correlation between estradiol and PD (r = 0.43, P = 0.04), estradiol and FV (r = 0.40, P = 0.05) and between progesterone and FV (r = 0.42, P = 0.04) was noted. The FV and PD measured in weeks 4 and 1 were higher than in weeks 2 and 3, adjusted for variation in endogenous estradiol and progesterone, indicating that the hormone change could not account for the changes in density. No lag effect of endogenous hormone on the change of FV or PD was noted (all P-values > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that BD is not strongly associated with the endogenous hormone. Their association with breast cancer risk was likely coming from different mechanisms, and they should be considered as independent risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Chen
- Center for Functional Onco-Imaging, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA.
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Response of bilateral breasts to the endogenous hormonal fluctuation in a menstrual cycle evaluated using 3D MRI. Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 31:538-44. [PMID: 23219249 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2012.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The normal breast tissue responds to the fluctuation of endogenous hormones during a menstrual cycle (MC) and shows changes in breast density. The changes between left and right breasts of the same women were compared to evaluate the symmetrical response. Twenty-four healthy women were recruited in this study. Four weekly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were performed during one MC. A computer algorithm was used to segment the breast and the fibroglandular tissue to measure the fibroglandular tissue volume (FV) and three morphological parameters: circularity, convexity and irregularity. The coefficient of variation (CV) for each parameter measured among four MRI studies was calculated; also, the maximal percent change between two MRI studies that show the highest and the lowest FV was calculated. These parameters measured from left and right breasts were compared using Pearson correlation. For the FV, the CV measured between left and right breasts of 24 subjects was highly correlated, with r=0.91; the maximal percent difference was also highly correlated, with r=0.93. Overall, the mean left-to-right difference in the measured FV was small: 1.2%±1.1% for CV and 2.6%±2.3% for the maximal percent difference. For the three morphological parameters, the mean left-to-right percentage difference was similar to the differences seen in FV; however, these morphological parameters do not reveal a high functional symmetry between left and right breasts. The results showed that the measured FV from left and right breasts of the same woman revealed a high functional symmetry. Since endogenous hormone plays an important role in the development of breast cancer, it would be interesting to investigate whether the functional asymmetry of response in some patients is associated with the risk of developing unilateral breast cancer.
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Arslan AA, Shore RE, Afanasyeva Y, Koenig KL, Toniolo P, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A. Circulating estrogen metabolites and risk for breast cancer in premenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:2273-9. [PMID: 19661086 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been proposed that a shift toward 2-hydroxyestrone from 16alpha-hydroxyestrone metabolic pathway may be inversely associated with breast cancer risk because 2-hydroxyestrone is thought to be less genotoxic and estrogenic than 16alpha-hydroxyestrone. METHODS We examined the associations of invasive breast cancer risk with circulating 2-hydroxyestrone, 16alpha-hydroxyestrone, and the 2-hydroxyestrone:16alpha-hydroxyestrone ratio in a case-control study on premenopausal women nested within a prospective cohort the New York University Women's Health Study. The serum levels of 2-hydroxyestrone and 16alpha-hydroxyestrone were measured in 377 incident premenopausal breast cancer cases and 377 premenopausal controls, who were matched on age at enrollment, number and dates of blood donations, and day and phase of menstrual cycle. RESULTS Overall, no significant associations were observed between breast cancer risk and serum levels of 2-hydroxyestrone, 16alpha-hydroxyestrone, or their ratio. The 2-hydroxyestrone:16alpha-hydroxyestrone ratio was positively associated with risk for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in the analyses controlling for matching factors. However, the association was attenuated and not significant after adjustment for potential confounders (odds ratio for the highest versus the lowest quartile, 2.15; 95% CI, 0.88-5.27; P(trend) = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study do not support the hypothesis that a metabolic shift from 16alpha-hydroxyestrone toward 2-hydroxyestrone in premenopausal women is associated with reduced risk for breast cancer. The association between the 2-hydroxy:16alpha-hydroxyestrone ratio and estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer needs to be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan A Arslan
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Garmendia ML, Pereira A, Alvarado ME, Atalah E. Relation between insulin resistance and breast cancer among Chilean women. Ann Epidemiol 2007; 17:403-9. [PMID: 17531933 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2006] [Revised: 10/29/2006] [Accepted: 01/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In Chile, diabetes and breast cancer are important public health problems. The association between insulin resistance and breast cancer, however, remains largely unexplored. METHODS We conducted a case-control study to assess the relationship of insulin resistance (IR) and breast cancer in Chilean premenopausal and postmenopausal women. We compared 170 women, 33 to 86 years old, with incident breast cancer and 170 normal mammography controls, matched by 5-year age interval. Plasmatic insulin and glucose were measured and IR was calculated by the homeostasis model assessment method. Anthropometric measurements and sociodemographic and behavioral data were also collected. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by multivariable conditional logistic regression. RESULTS IR was independently associated with breast cancer in postmenopausal women (OR = 2.70, 95%CI = 1.10-6.63), but not in premenopausal women (OR = 0.84, 95%CI = 0.20-3.52). Obesity was not associated with breast cancer at any age (OR = 0.68, 95%CI = 0.39-1.20). CONCLUSION In this sample, IR increased the risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Garmendia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Candelaria M, Hurtado-Monroy R, Vargas-Viveros P, Carrillo-Muñnoz S, Duenas-Gonzalez A. Tamoxifen-associated vasculitis in a breast cancer patient. World J Surg Oncol 2007; 5:9. [PMID: 17244373 PMCID: PMC1783853 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-5-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2006] [Accepted: 01/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Estrogen plays a critical role in breast cancer. Thereafter, endocrine therapy is a standard of care in patients with breast carcinoma, expressing ER or PR. Case presentation Herein we report the case of a 53-year old patient, who developed cholestasis and vasculitis during the treatment with tamoxifen. This toxicity was reversable after the removal of the drug. Thereafter she continued adjuvant treatment for breast carcinoma with anastrazole. Since tamoxifen has been widely indicated for patients with breast carcinoma, we did a literature review, looking for other cases with this type of toxicity. Conclusion This case is the third with vasculitis informed in the literature, but the first one that additionally developed cholestasis and arthritis. Although it is rare, we discuss the indication of this drug in the actual era, where aromatase inhibitors offer a better security profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrna Candelaria
- Department of Hematología Oncología, Hospital Angeles del Pedregal. Mexico city, Mexico
- Division of Research. Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. Mexico city, Mexico
| | - Rafael Hurtado-Monroy
- Department of Hematología Oncología, Hospital Angeles del Pedregal. Mexico city, Mexico
| | - Pablo Vargas-Viveros
- Department of Hematología Oncología, Hospital Angeles del Pedregal. Mexico city, Mexico
| | | | - Alfonso Duenas-Gonzalez
- Division of Research. Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. Mexico city, Mexico
- Unidad de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Cáncer. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
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Deng SS, Xing TY, Zhou HY, Xiong RH, Lu YG, Wen B, Liu SQ, Yang HJ. Comparative proteome analysis of breast cancer and adjacent normal breast tissues in human. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2007; 4:165-72. [PMID: 17127214 PMCID: PMC5054074 DOI: 10.1016/s1672-0229(06)60029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS), incorporated with online database searching, were performed to investigate differential proteins of breast cancer and adjacent normal breast tissues. Considering that serum albumin is abundantly presented in normal control samples, 15 differential spots detected in 11 out of 12 (91.7%) breast cancer samples were identified by online SIENA-2DPAGE database searching and MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS analysis. The results indicate that pathological changes of breast cancer are concerned with augmentation of substance metabolism, promotion of proteolytic activity, decline of activity of some inhibitors of enzymes, and so on. Some important proteins involved in the pathological process of breast cancer with changed expression may be useful biomarkers, such as alpha-1-antitrypsin, EF-1-beta, cathepsin D, TCTP, SMT3A, RPS12, and PSMA1, among which SMT3A, RPS12, and PSMA1 were first reported for breast cancer in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Shan Deng
- Department of Anatomy, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Tian-Yong Xing
- Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong637000, China
| | - Hong-Ying Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Ruo-Hong Xiong
- Department of Anatomy, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - You-Guang Lu
- Department of Anatomy, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Bin Wen
- Department of Pathology, Preclinical Medicine School, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong637000, China
| | - Shang-Qing Liu
- Department of Anatomy, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Hui-Jun Yang
- Department of Anatomy, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
- Corresponding author.
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Machuca C, Mendoza-Milla C, Córdova E, Mejía S, Covarrubias L, Ventura J, Zentella A. Dexamethasone protection from TNF-alpha-induced cell death in MCF-7 cells requires NF-kappaB and is independent from AKT. BMC Cell Biol 2006; 7:9. [PMID: 16504042 PMCID: PMC1395311 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-7-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2005] [Accepted: 02/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The biochemical bases for hormone dependence in breast cancer have been recognized as an important element in tumor resistance, proliferation and metastasis. On this respect, dexamethasone (Dex) dependent protection against TNF-alpha-mediated cell death in the MCF-7 cell line has been demonstrated to be a useful model for the study of this type of cancer. Recently, cytoplasmic signaling induced by steroid receptors has been described, such as the activation of the PI3K/Akt and NF-kappaB pathways. We evaluated their possible participation in the Dex-dependent protection against TNF-alpha-mediated cell death. Results Cellular cultures of the MCF-7 cell line were exposed to either, TNF-alpha or TNF-alpha and Dex, and cell viability was evaluated. Next, negative dominants of PI3K and IkappaB-alpha, designed to block the PI3K/Akt and NF-kappaB pathways, respectively, were transfected and selection and evaluation of several clones overexpressing the mutants were examined. Also, correlation with inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) expression was examined. Independent inhibition of these two pathways allowed us to test their participation in Dex-dependent protection against TNF-alpha-cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells. Expression of the PI3K dominant negative mutant did not alter the protection conferred by Dex against TNF-alpha mediated cell death. Contrariwise, clones expressing the IkappaB-alpha dominant negative mutant lost the Dex-conferred protection against TNF-alpha. In these clones degradation of c-IAP was accelerated, while that of XIAP was remained unaffected. Conclusion NF-kappaB, but not PI3K/Akt activation, is required for the Dex protective effect against TNF-alpha-mediated cell death, and correlates with lack of degradation of the anti-apoptotic protein c-IAP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Machuca
- Carrera de Biología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores ZARAGOZA, UNAM. C.P. 09230, México D.F., México
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Secretaría de Salud, C.P. 14000, México, D.F., México
| | - Criselda Mendoza-Milla
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Secretaría de Salud, C.P. 14000, México D.F., México
| | - Emilio Córdova
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM. C.P. 04510, México D.F., México
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Secretaría de Salud, C.P. 14000, México, D.F., México
| | - Salvador Mejía
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Secretaría de Salud, C.P. 14000, México, D.F., México
| | - Luis Covarrubias
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM. C.P. 62210, Cuernavaca Mor. México
| | - José Ventura
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM. C.P. 04510, México D.F., México
| | - Alejandro Zentella
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM. C.P. 04510, México D.F., México
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Secretaría de Salud, C.P. 14000, México, D.F., México
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Tlsty TD, Coussens LM. TUMOR STROMA AND REGULATION OF CANCER DEVELOPMENT. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2006; 1:119-50. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pathol.1.110304.100224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 775] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thea D. Tlsty
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 2Cancer Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94115; ,
| | - Lisa M. Coussens
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 2Cancer Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94115; ,
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