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Xu PY, Li XQ, Chen WG, Deng LL, Tan YZ, Zhang Q, Xie SY, Zheng LS. Progress in Antiviral Fullerene Research. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152547. [PMID: 35893515 PMCID: PMC9330071 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Unlike traditional small molecule drugs, fullerene is an all-carbon nanomolecule with a spherical cage structure. Fullerene exhibits high levels of antiviral activity, inhibiting virus replication in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we systematically summarize the latest research regarding the different types of fullerenes investigated in antiviral studies. We discuss the unique structural advantage of fullerenes, present diverse modification strategies based on the addition of various functional groups, assess the effect of structural differences on antiviral activity, and describe the possible antiviral mechanism. Finally, we discuss the prospective development of fullerenes as antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piao-Yang Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (P.-Y.X.); (Y.-Z.T.); (S.-Y.X.); (L.-S.Z.)
| | - Xiao-Qing Li
- Funano New Material Technology Company Ltd., Xiamen 361110, China; (X.-Q.L.); (W.-G.C.)
| | - Wei-Guang Chen
- Funano New Material Technology Company Ltd., Xiamen 361110, China; (X.-Q.L.); (W.-G.C.)
| | - Lin-Long Deng
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China;
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (P.-Y.X.); (Y.-Z.T.); (S.-Y.X.); (L.-S.Z.)
| | - Qianyan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (P.-Y.X.); (Y.-Z.T.); (S.-Y.X.); (L.-S.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Su-Yuan Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (P.-Y.X.); (Y.-Z.T.); (S.-Y.X.); (L.-S.Z.)
| | - Lan-Sun Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (P.-Y.X.); (Y.-Z.T.); (S.-Y.X.); (L.-S.Z.)
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2
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Hoyos P, Perona A, Juanes O, Rumbero Á, Hernáiz MJ. Synthesis of Glycodendrimers with Antiviral and Antibacterial Activity. Chemistry 2021; 27:7593-7624. [PMID: 33533096 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycodendrimers are an important class of synthetic macromolecules that can be used to mimic many structural and functional features of cell-surface glycoconjugates. Their carbohydrate moieties perform key important functions in bacterial and viral infections, often regulated by carbohydrate-protein interactions. Several studies have shown that the molecular structure, valency and spatial organisation of carbohydrate epitopes in glycoconjugates are key factors in the specificity and avidity of carbohydrate-protein interactions. Choosing the right glycodendrimers almost always helps to interfere with such interactions and blocks bacterial or viral adhesion and entry into host cells as an effective strategy to inhibit bacterial or viral infections. Herein, the state of the art in the design and synthesis of glycodendrimers employed for the development of anti-adhesion therapy against bacterial and viral infections is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Hoyos
- Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Perona
- Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Juanes
- Organic Chemistry Department, Autónoma University of Madrid, Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Rumbero
- Organic Chemistry Department, Autónoma University of Madrid, Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Hernáiz
- Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Datta S, Bhattacharya S. Multifarious facets of sugar-derived molecular gels: molecular features, mechanisms of self-assembly and emerging applications. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:5596-637. [PMID: 26023922 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00093a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable capability of nature to design and create excellent self-assembled nano-structures, especially in the biological world, has motivated chemists to mimic such systems with synthetic molecular and supramolecular systems. The hierarchically organized self-assembly of low molecular weight gelators (LMWGs) based on non-covalent interactions has been proven to be a useful tool in the development of well-defined nanostructures. Among these, the self-assembly of sugar-derived LMWGs has received immense attention because of their propensity to furnish biocompatible, hierarchical, supramolecular architectures that are macroscopically expressed in gel formation. This review sheds light on various aspects of sugar-derived LMWGs, uncovering their mechanisms of gelation, structural analysis, and tailorable properties, and their diverse applications such as stimuli-responsiveness, sensing, self-healing, environmental problems, and nano and biomaterials synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sougata Datta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
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4
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Engström O, Muñoz A, Illescas BM, Martín N, Ribeiro-Viana R, Rojo J, Widmalm G. Investigation of glycofullerene dynamics by NMR spectroscopy. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:8750-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00929d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mannose residues linked to flexible spacers on slowly diffusing glycofullerenes may facilitate efficient rebinding to receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Engström
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Arrhenius Laboratory
- Stockholm University
- S-106 91 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Antonio Muñoz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad Complutense
- E-28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Beatriz M. Illescas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad Complutense
- E-28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad Complutense
- E-28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Renato Ribeiro-Viana
- Glycosystems Laboratory
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)
- CSIC − Universidad de Sevilla
- E-41092 Seville
- Spain
| | - Javier Rojo
- Glycosystems Laboratory
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)
- CSIC − Universidad de Sevilla
- E-41092 Seville
- Spain
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Arrhenius Laboratory
- Stockholm University
- S-106 91 Stockholm
- Sweden
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5
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Massaro M, Riela S, Lo Meo P, Noto R, Cavallaro G, Milioto S, Lazzara G. Functionalized halloysite multivalent glycocluster as a new drug delivery system. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:7732-7738. [PMID: 32261909 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01272k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new design for halloysite nanotube materials was obtained by grafting chemically modified cyclodextrin units onto the nanotube surface. In particular, grafted cyclodextrins were decorated with thiosaccharide pendants, in order to mimic the well-known binding of sugars to proteins and the glyco-cluster effect occurring during cellular recognition events. The obtained materials were characterized by using a combination of varied techniques (FT-IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, turbidimetry), and their potential drug-delivery abilities were tested by studying their interactions with the common naturally occurring anticancer agent curcumin. A suitable model describing the interaction between our materials and curcumin is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Massaro
- Dipartimento STEBICEF, Sez. Chimica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
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6
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Dechtrirat D, Gajovic-Eichelmann N, Wojcik F, Hartmann L, Bier FF, Scheller FW. Electrochemical displacement sensor based on ferrocene boronic acid tracer and immobilized glycan for saccharide binding proteins and E. coli. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 58:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Rauschenberg M, Fritz EC, Schulz C, Kaufmann T, Ravoo BJ. Molecular recognition of surface-immobilized carbohydrates by a synthetic lectin. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:1354-64. [PMID: 24991289 PMCID: PMC4077543 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular recognition of carbohydrates and proteins mediates a wide range of physiological processes and the development of synthetic carbohydrate receptors (“synthetic lectins”) constitutes a key advance in biomedical technology. In this article we report a synthetic lectin that selectively binds to carbohydrates immobilized in a molecular monolayer. Inspired by our previous work, we prepared a fluorescently labeled synthetic lectin consisting of a cyclic dimer of the tripeptide Cys-His-Cys, which forms spontaneously by air oxidation of the monomer. Amine-tethered derivatives of N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA), β-D-galactose, β-D-glucose and α-D-mannose were microcontact printed on epoxide-terminated self-assembled monolayers. Successive prints resulted in simple microarrays of two carbohydrates. The selectivity of the synthetic lectin was investigated by incubation on the immobilized carbohydrates. Selective binding of the synthetic lectin to immobilized NANA and β-D-galactose was observed by fluorescence microscopy. The selectivity and affinity of the synthetic lectin was screened in competition experiments. In addition, the carbohydrate binding of the synthetic lectin was compared with the carbohydrate binding of the lectins concanavalin A and peanut agglutinin. It was found that the printed carbohydrates retain their characteristic selectivity towards the synthetic and natural lectins and that the recognition of synthetic and natural lectins is strictly orthogonal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Rauschenberg
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Eva-Corrina Fritz
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Kaufmann
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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8
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Bian S, Zieba SB, Morris W, Han X, Richter DC, Brown KA, Mirkin CA, Braunschweig AB. Beam pen lithography as a new tool for spatially controlled photochemistry, and its utilization in the synthesis of multivalent glycan arrays. Chem Sci 2014; 5:2023-2030. [PMID: 34113434 PMCID: PMC8188604 DOI: 10.1039/c3sc53315h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we describe how cantilever-free scanning probes can be used to deposit precursor material and subsequently irradiate the precursor to initiate polymerization, resulting in a 3D lithographic method wherein the position, height and diameter of each feature can be tuned independently. Specifically, acrylate and methacrylate monomers were patterned onto thiol terminated glass and subsequently exposed to UV light produced brush polymers by a photoinduced radical acrylate polymerization reaction. Here, we report the first examples of glycan arrays, comprised of methacrylate brush polymers that are side-chain functionalized with α-glucose, by this new lithographic approach. Their binding with fluorophore labeled concanavalin A (ConA) was assayed by fluorescence microscopy. The fluorescence of these brush polymers was compared to glycan arrays composed of monolayers of α-mannosides and α-glucosides prepared by combining polymer pen lithography (PPL) with the thiol-ene photochemical reaction or the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. At high ConA concentration, the fluorescence signal of the brush polymer was nearly 20 times greater than that of the glycan monolayers, and the brush polymer arrays had a detection limit nearly two orders of magnitude better than their monolayer counterparts. Because of the ability of this method to control precisely the polymer length, the relationship between limit of detection and multivalency could be explored, and it was found that the longer polymers (136 nm) are an order of magnitude more sensitive towards ConA binding than the shorter polymers (8 nm) and that binding affinity decreased systematically with length. These glycan arrays are a new tool to study the role of multivalency on carbohydrate recognition, and the photopolymerization route towards forming multivalent glycan scaffolds described herein, is a promising route to create multiplexed glycan arrays with nanoscale feature dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudan Bian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Sylwia B Zieba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - William Morris
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Daniel C Richter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Keith A Brown
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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9
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Kaufmann L, Traulsen NL, Springer A, Schröder HV, Mäkelä T, Rissanen K, Schalley CA. Evaluation of multivalency as an organization principle for the efficient synthesis of doubly and triply threaded amide rotaxanes. Org Chem Front 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4qo00077c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Rauschenberg M, Bandaru S, Waller MP, Ravoo BJ. Peptide-Based Carbohydrate Receptors. Chemistry 2014; 20:2770-82. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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The third dimension of reading the sugar code by lectins: design of glycoclusters with cyclic scaffolds as tools with the aim to define correlations between spatial presentation and activity. Molecules 2013; 18:4026-53. [PMID: 23558543 PMCID: PMC6269965 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18044026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Coding of biological information is not confined to nucleic acids and proteins. Endowed with the highest level of structural versatility among biomolecules, the glycan chains of cellular glycoconjugates are well-suited to generate molecular messages/signals in a minimum of space. The sequence and shape of oligosaccharides as well as spatial aspects of multivalent presentation are assumed to underlie the natural specificity/selectivity that cellular glycans have for endogenous lectins. In order to eventually unravel structure-activity profiles cyclic scaffolds have been used as platforms to produce glycoclusters and afford valuable tools. Using adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins and the pan-galectin ligand lactose as a model, emerging insights into the potential of cyclodextrins, cyclic peptides, calixarenes and glycophanes for this purpose are presented herein. The systematic testing of lectin panels with spatially defined ligand presentations can be considered as a biomimetic means to help clarify the mechanisms, which lead to the exquisite accuracy at which endogenous lectins select their physiological counterreceptors from the complexity of the cellular glycome.
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12
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Luczkowiak J, Muñoz A, Sánchez-Navarro M, Ribeiro-Viana R, Ginieis A, Illescas BM, Martín N, Delgado R, Rojo J. Glycofullerenes Inhibit Viral Infection. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:431-7. [DOI: 10.1021/bm3016658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Luczkowiak
- Laboratorio de Microbiología
Molecular, Instituto de Investigación Hospital, 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Muñoz
- Departamento de
Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Macarena Sánchez-Navarro
- Glycosystems
Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC − Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo
Vespucio 49, Seville 41092 Spain
| | - Renato Ribeiro-Viana
- Glycosystems
Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC − Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo
Vespucio 49, Seville 41092 Spain
| | - Anthony Ginieis
- Glycosystems
Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC − Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo
Vespucio 49, Seville 41092 Spain
| | - Beatriz M. Illescas
- Departamento de
Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de
Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanoscience, Campus Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Delgado
- Laboratorio de Microbiología
Molecular, Instituto de Investigación Hospital, 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Rojo
- Glycosystems
Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC − Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo
Vespucio 49, Seville 41092 Spain
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13
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Ragoussi ME, Casado S, Ribeiro-Viana R, Torre GDL, Rojo J, Torres T. Selective carbohydrate–lectin interactions in covalent graphene- and SWCNT-based molecular recognition systems. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc51352a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Godula K, Bertozzi CR. Density variant glycan microarray for evaluating cross-linking of mucin-like glycoconjugates by lectins. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:15732-42. [PMID: 22967056 PMCID: PMC3458438 DOI: 10.1021/ja302193u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Interactions of mucin glycoproteins with cognate receptors
are
dictated by the structures and spatial organization of glycans that
decorate the mucin polypeptide backbone. The glycan-binding proteins,
or lectins, that interact with mucins are often oligomeric receptors
with multiple ligand binding domains. In this work, we employed a
microarray platform comprising synthetic glycopolymers that emulate
natural mucins arrayed at different surface densities to evaluate
how glycan valency and spatial separation affect the preferential
binding mode of a particular lectin. We evaluated a panel of four
lectins (Soybean agglutinin (SBA), Wisteria floribunda lectin (WFL), Vicia villosa-B-4 agglutinin (VVA),
and Helix pomatia agglutin (HPA)) with specificity
for α-N-acetylgalactosamine (α-GalNAc),
an epitope displayed on mucins overexpressed in many adenocarcinomas.
While these lectins possess the ability to agglutinate A1-blood cells carrying the α-GalNAc epitope and cross-link low
valency glycoconjugates, only SBA showed a tendency to form intermolecular
cross-links among the arrayed polyvalent mucin mimetics. These results
suggest that glycopolymer microarrays can reveal discrete higher-order
binding preferences beyond the recognition of individual glycan epitopes.
Our findings indicate that glycan valency can set thresholds for cross-linking
by lectins. More broadly, well-defined synthetic glycopolymers enable
the integration of glycoconjugate structural and spatial diversity
in a single microarray screening platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Godula
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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15
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Gorityala BK, Lu Z, Leow ML, Ma J, Liu XW. Design of a “Turn-Off/Turn-On” Biosensor: Understanding Carbohydrate-Lectin Interactions for Use in Noncovalent Drug Delivery. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:15229-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ja306288p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bala Kishan Gorityala
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Zhiqiang Lu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Min Li Leow
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Jimei Ma
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Xue-Wei Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
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16
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Freichels H, Alaimo D, Auzély-Velty R, Jérôme C. α-Acetal, ω-Alkyne Poly(ethylene oxide) as a Versatile Building Block for the Synthesis of Glycoconjugated Graft-Copolymers Suited for Targeted Drug Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1740-52. [DOI: 10.1021/bc200650n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Freichels
- Center for Education and Research
on Macromolcules, University of Liège, B6a Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - David Alaimo
- Center for Education and Research
on Macromolcules, University of Liège, B6a Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Rachel Auzély-Velty
- Centre de Recherches sur les
Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), BP53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France (affiliated with Université
Joseph Fourier, and member of the Institut de Chimie Moléculaire
de Grenoble)
| | - Christine Jérôme
- Center for Education and Research
on Macromolcules, University of Liège, B6a Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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17
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Cloninger MJ, Bilgiçer B, Li L, Mangold SL, Phillips ST, Wolfenden ML. Multivalency. Supramol Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470661345.smc008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Ogata M, Yano M, Umemura S, Murata T, Park EY, Kobayashi Y, Asai T, Oku N, Nakamura N, Matsuo I, Usui T. Design and synthesis of high-avidity tetravalent glycoclusters as probes for Sambucus sieboldiana agglutinin and characterization of their binding properties. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:97-105. [PMID: 22168444 DOI: 10.1021/bc200440e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We designed and synthesized three tetravalent sialo-glycoclusters that had different separations between the terminal sialic acids and the linking carboxy groups of the ethylene glycol bis(β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetate scaffold to serve as ligands for the sialic acid-binding lectin Sambucus sieboldiana agglutinin (SSA). The interaction between each glycocluster and SSA was characterized by hemagglutination inhibition, quantitative precipitation, and double-diffusion assays. For the precipitation assays, the precipitin curves indicated that the ligands and SSA bound in either a 1:1 or a 1:2 ratio, i.e., stoichiometrically. The strong interactions of these sialo-glycoclusters with SSA could be ascribed to a combination of multivalency and spacer effects. We also assessed the nature of the ligand-SSA complexes by isothermal titration calorimetry and dynamic light scattering. The results of those experiments indicated that formation of intermolecular complexes occurred at less than stoichiometric ratios of ligand to SSA concentrations and that, as the concentrations of the ligands increased, larger cross-linked aggregates formed. Large aggregates that were present concurrently with visible precipitation and with a particle size centered at ~600 to 800 nm were identified by dynamic light scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ogata
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga, Shizuoka, Japan
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19
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Sugar-labeled and PEGylated (bio)degradable polymers intended for targeted drug delivery systems. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Deng L, Norberg O, Uppalapati S, Yan M, Ramström O. Stereoselective synthesis of light-activatable perfluorophenylazide-conjugated carbohydrates for glycoarray fabrication and evaluation of structural effects on protein binding by SPR imaging. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:3188-98. [PMID: 21423935 PMCID: PMC4030401 DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05040k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of light-activatable perfluorophenylazide (PFPA)-conjugated carbohydrate structures have been synthesized and applied to glycoarray fabrication. The glycoconjugates were structurally varied with respect to anomeric attachment, S-, and O-linked carbohydrates, respectively, as well as linker structure and length. Efficient stereoselective synthetic routes were developed, leading to the formation of the PFPA-conjugated structures in good yields over few steps. The use of glycosyl thiols as donors proved especially efficient and provided the final compounds in up to 70% total yield with high anomeric purities. PFPA-based photochemistry was subsequently used to generate carbohydrate arrays on a polymeric surface, and surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) was applied for evaluation of carbohydrate-protein interactions using the plant lectin Concanavalin A (Con A) as a probe. The results indicate better performance and equal efficiency of S- and O-linked structures with intermediate linker length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingquan Deng
- Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oscar Norberg
- Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Suji Uppalapati
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, Oregon, 97207-0751, USA
| | - Mingdi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, Oregon, 97207-0751, USA
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
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Che AF, Huang XJ, Xu ZK. Protein adsorption on a glycosylated polyacrylonitrile surface: monitoring with QCM and SPR. Macromol Biosci 2011; 10:955-62. [PMID: 20572269 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A simple and efficient method to fabricate a glycosylated surface on a polyacrylonitrile-based film is described. Construction and protein adsorption processes were monitored in situ using a QCM. A PANCHEMA film was deposited on the gold surface of the quartz crystal, and the glycosylated surface was then constructed through surface modification. Con A and BSA were used as probes to study the specificity of this surface to proteins. It can recognize Con A, while showing no specific interaction with BSA. The binding affinity indicates the presence of strong multivalent interactions between Con A and the glucose residues (cluster glycoside effect). Reproducibility and repeatability of the glycosylated polymer surface are sufficient to allow specific adsorption of Con A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Fu Che
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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22
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Schwefel D, Maierhofer C, Beck JG, Seeberger S, Diederichs K, Möller HM, Welte W, Wittmann V. Structural basis of multivalent binding to wheat germ agglutinin. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:8704-19. [PMID: 20527753 DOI: 10.1021/ja101646k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of carbohydrate-protein interactions by tailored multivalent ligands is a powerful strategy for the treatment of many human diseases. Crucial for the success of this approach is an understanding of the molecular mechanisms as to how a binding enhancement of a multivalent ligand is achieved. We have synthesized a series of multivalent N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) derivatives and studied their interaction with the plant lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) by an enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA) and X-ray crystallography. The solution conformation of one ligand was determined by NMR spectroscopy. Employing a GlcNAc carbamate motif with alpha-configuration and by systematic variation of the spacer length, we were able to identify divalent ligands with unprecedented high WGA binding potency. The best divalent ligand has an IC(50) value of 9.8 microM (ELLA) corresponding to a relative potency of 2350 (1170 on a valency-corrected basis, i.e., per mol sugar contained) compared to free GlcNAc. X-ray crystallography of the complex of WGA and the second best, closely related divalent ligand explains this activity. Four divalent molecules simultaneously bind to WGA with each ligand bridging adjacent binding sites. This shows for the first time that all eight sugar binding sites of the WGA dimer are simultaneously functional. We also report a tetravalent neoglycopeptide with an IC(50) value of 0.9 microM being 25,500 times higher than that of GlcNAc (6400 times per contained sugar) and the X-ray structure analysis of its complex with glutaraldehyde-cross-linked WGA. Comparison of the crystal structure and the solution NMR structure of the neoglycopeptide as well as results from the ELLA suggest that the conformation of the glycopeptide in solution is already preorganized in a way supporting multivalent binding to the protein. Our findings show that bridging adjacent protein binding sites by multivalent ligands is a valid strategy to find high-affinity protein ligands and that even subtle changes of the linker structure can have a significant impact on the binding affinity.
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Characterization of multivalent lactose quantum dots and its application in carbohydrate-protein interactions study and cell imaging. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:5234-40. [PMID: 20566293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 05/15/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported a facile and convenient method for the preparation of a new type of lactose-CdSeS/ZnS quantum dots conjugates (Lac-QDs) that exhibit biocompatibility, noncytotoxicity and specificity to leukocytes. In order to further study the carbohydrate-protein interactions, a series of Lac-QDs with different lactose densities and a PEGylated (n=3) lactose-QDs conjugate (LacPEG-QDs) with more flexible sugar ligands were prepared. The amount of the sugar molecules on QDs can be determined by NMR, which was in agreement with the results from TGA determination. The formula of the conjugates was determined with ICP-OES. The interactions between the conjugated QDs and the PNA protein were measured using SPR, which revealed that higher lactose density favored binding affinity under the same concentration, and Lac-QDs exhibit higher affinity than LacPEG-QDs. We further used a solid phase assay to assess the anti-adhesion activity of Lac-QDs and LacPEG-QDs on the cell level. The results showed that Lac-QDs had stronger activity in preventing THP1 from adhering to HUVEC than LacPEG-QDs, which was consistent with the SPR results. We reasoned that decrease in the conformational entropy induced by appropriate restriction of sugar flexibility could enhance the binding affinity of glyco-QDs, which implies that entropy change may be the main contributor to the interaction between high valent glyco-QDs and protein. The fabrication of lactose on QDs provides a fluorescent multivalent carbohydrate probe that can be used as mimics of glycoprotein for the study of carbohydrate-protein interactions and cell imaging.
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24
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Ruff Y, Buhler E, Candau SJ, Kesselman E, Talmon Y, Lehn JM. Glycodynamers: Dynamic Polymers Bearing Oligosaccharides Residues − Generation, Structure, Physicochemical, Component Exchange, and Lectin Binding Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:2573-84. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9082733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yves Ruff
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, ISIS, Université de Strasbourg, Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France, Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR CNRS 7057, Bâtiment Condorcet, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75205 Paris cedex 13, France, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Eric Buhler
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, ISIS, Université de Strasbourg, Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France, Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR CNRS 7057, Bâtiment Condorcet, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75205 Paris cedex 13, France, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Sauveur-Jean Candau
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, ISIS, Université de Strasbourg, Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France, Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR CNRS 7057, Bâtiment Condorcet, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75205 Paris cedex 13, France, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Ellina Kesselman
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, ISIS, Université de Strasbourg, Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France, Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR CNRS 7057, Bâtiment Condorcet, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75205 Paris cedex 13, France, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Yeshayahu Talmon
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, ISIS, Université de Strasbourg, Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France, Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR CNRS 7057, Bâtiment Condorcet, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75205 Paris cedex 13, France, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Jean-Marie Lehn
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, ISIS, Université de Strasbourg, Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France, Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR CNRS 7057, Bâtiment Condorcet, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75205 Paris cedex 13, France, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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25
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Molecular design of N-linked tetravalent glycosides bearing N-acetylglucosamine, N,N′-diacetylchitobiose and N-acetyllactosamine: Analysis of cross-linking activities with WGA and ECA lectins. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:621-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Barrientos AG, Fuente JMDL, Jiménez M, Solís D, Cañada FJ, Martín-Lomas M, Penadés S. Modulating glycosidase degradation and lectin recognition of gold glyconanoparticles. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:1474-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2009] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Bernardi A, Cheshev P. Interfering with the Sugar Code: Design and Synthesis of Oligosaccharide Mimics. Chemistry 2008; 14:7434-41. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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29
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Pasparakis G, Alexander C. Sweet talking double hydrophilic block copolymer vesicles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:4847-50. [PMID: 18504729 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George Pasparakis
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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30
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Laurent N, Voglmeir J, Flitsch SL. Glycoarrays--tools for determining protein-carbohydrate interactions and glycoenzyme specificity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:4400-12. [PMID: 18802573 DOI: 10.1039/b806983m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate arrays (glycoarrays) have recently emerged as a high-throughput tool for studying carbohydrate-binding proteins and carbohydrate-processing enzymes. A number of sophisticated array platforms that allow for qualitative and quantitative analysis of carbohydrate binding and modification on the array surface have been developed, including analysis by fluorescence spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. These platforms, together with examples of biologically-relevant applications are reviewed in this Feature Article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Laurent
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre and School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, UK M1 7DN
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31
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Pasparakis G, Alexander C. Sweet Talking Double Hydrophilic Block Copolymer Vesicles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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32
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Kleinert M, Winkler T, Terfort A, Lindhorst TK. A modular approach for the construction and modification of glyco-SAMs utilizing 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:2118-32. [DOI: 10.1039/b801595c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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33
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Uzawa H, Ito H, Neri P, Mori H, Nishida Y. Glycochips from Polyanionic Glycopolymers as Tools for Detecting Shiga Toxins. Chembiochem 2007; 8:2117-24. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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34
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Maierhofer C, Rohmer K, Wittmann V. Probing multivalent carbohydrate-lectin interactions by an enzyme-linked lectin assay employing covalently immobilized carbohydrates. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:7661-76. [PMID: 17892939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2007] [Revised: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 08/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We report here the synthesis of a series of mono- to trivalent N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) derivatives as ligands for the plant lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). Their WGA binding potencies were determined by an established enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA) employing microtiter plates with non-covalently immobilized porcine stomach mucin (PSM) as reference ligand and an ELLA with a new GlcNAc derivative covalently immobilized via a thiourea linkage. Comparison of both assays revealed that the type of presentation of GlcNAc residues on the microtiter plates either as part of a glycoprotein or as a covalently immobilized monosaccharide derivative strongly influences the outcome of the assay. Although the apparent dissociation constants K(D)(ELLA) for the interaction of peroxidase-labeled WGA with the microtiter plates are comparable for both surfaces, IC(50) values obtained with the PSM-free ELLA were substantially lower. Even more strikingly, this ELLA displayed a better differentiation between ligands of different valency leading to significantly higher relative inhibitory potencies of multivalent ligands compared to monovalent. Additionally, problems associated with the use of PSM, such as maximum inhibition at considerably less than 100% and poor reproducibility of IC(50) values could be overcome with this type of ELLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Maierhofer
- Universität Konstanz, Fachbereich Chemie, Fach M 709, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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35
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Dumoulin F, Lafont D, Huynh TL, Boullanger P, Mackenzie G, West JJ, Goodby JW. Synthesis and Liquid Crystalline Properties of Mono-, Di- and Tri-O-alkyl Pentaerythritol Derivatives Bearing Tri-, Di- or Monogalactosyl Heads: The Effects of Curvature of Molecular Packing on Mesophase Formation. Chemistry 2007; 13:5585-600. [PMID: 17310498 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Self-organisation and self-assembly are critical to the stability of synthetic and biological membranes. Of particular importance is consideration of the packing arrangements of the various molecular species. Both phospho- and glycolipids can pack in ways in which curvature can be introduced into self-organised or self-assembled systems. For instance, it is known that the degree of curvature can affect the structures of any condensed phases that are formed. In this article we report on a systematic study in which we have varied the shapes of glycolipids and examined the condensed phases that they form. In doing so, we have also unified the shape dependency of lyotropic liquid crystals with those of thermotropic liquid crystals. In order to undertake this systematic study a range of different pentaerythritol derivatives was synthesized, which covers combinations of one to three alkyl chains of different lengths (6,7,9,10,11,12,14,16 carbon atoms) and three to one galactosyl heads. Mono- and di-O-galactosyl derivatives were prepared directly by glycosylation of the corresponding alcohols using 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl or acetyl-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate or bromide as the donors; the tri-O-galactosyl derivatives were synthesized from O-alkyl-O-benzyl di-O-galactosyl pentaerythritol intermediates, followed by de-O-benzylation and glycosylation steps. All of the fully deprotected products were obtained by standard methods, and their self-organising and self-assembling properties examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Dumoulin
- Université de Lyon, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique II, Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS 5181, Université Lyon 1, Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
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36
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Kanda V, Kitov P, Bundle DR, McDermott MT. Surface plasmon resonance imaging measurements of the inhibition of Shiga-like toxin by synthetic multivalent inhibitors. Anal Chem 2007; 77:7497-504. [PMID: 16316154 DOI: 10.1021/ac050423p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A variety of new methodologies to pattern biomolecules on surfaces and to detect binding events are currently being developed for high-throughput assay applications. Carbohydrates serve as attachment sites for toxins, bacteria, and viruses. Immobilized carbohydrate units can thus be used to directly detect these agents or as a platform for inhibitor assessment. In this work, modified glycosides were patterned on gold surfaces to monitor the binding of the homopentameric B5 cell-recognition subunit of the Shiga-like toxin (SLT). Binding was detected with the label-free method of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging. Two synthetic multivalent inhibitors were used in order to effect inhibitory binding, and SPR imaging is presented as a simple alternative to ELISA for the study of toxin inhibition. In contrast to existing methods for the study of carbohydrate-protein interactions, in particular ELISA, the use of micropatterned sensor surfaces is shown to be advantageous due to a decrease in complications and manual labor from numerous blocking, washing, and labeling steps. Carbohydrate receptor density on the sensor surface was optimized in order to effect the maximum binding of the SLT. The IC50 values determined were in the low-nanomolar range for each of the two inhibitors studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kanda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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37
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Weikkolainen K, Aitio O, Blomqvist M, Natunen J, Helin J. Conjugation of oligosaccharides by reductive amination to amine modified chondroitin oligomer and γ-cyclodextrin. Glycoconj J 2007; 24:157-65. [PMID: 17268859 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-006-9024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2006] [Revised: 08/31/2006] [Accepted: 11/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates present on cell surfaces participate in numerous biological recognition phenomena including cell-cell interactions, cancer metastasis and pathogen invasion. Therefore, synthetic carbohydrates have a potential to act as pharmaceutical substances for treatment of various pathological phenomena by inhibiting specifically the interaction between cell surface carbohydrates and their protein receptors (lectins). However, the inherently low affinity of carbohydrate-protein interactions has often been an obstacle for successful generation of carbohydrate based pharmaceuticals. Multivalent glycoconjugates, i.e. structures carrying several copies of the active carbohydrate sequence in a carrier molecule, have been constructed to overcome this problem. Here we present two novel types of multivalent carbohydrate conjugates based on chondroitin oligomer and cyclodextrin carriers. These carriers were modified to express primary amino groups, and oligosaccharides were then bound to carrier molecules by reductive amination. Multivalent conjugates were produced using the human milk type oligosaccharides LNDFH I (Lewis-b hexasaccharide), LNnT, and GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Weikkolainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
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40
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Zhang Y, Luo S, Tang Y, Yu L, Hou KY, Cheng JP, Zeng X, Wang PG. Carbohydrate−Protein Interactions by “Clicked” Carbohydrate Self-Assembled Monolayers. Anal Chem 2006; 78:2001-8. [PMID: 16536439 DOI: 10.1021/ac051919+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition "click chemistry" was employed to immobilize azido sugars (mannose, lactose, alpha-Gal) to fabricate carbohydrate self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold. This fabrication was based on preformed SAM templates incorporated with alkyne terminal groups, which could further anchor the azido sugars to form well-packed, stable, and rigid sugar SAMs. The clicked mannose, lactose, and alpha-Gal trisaccharide SAMs were used in the analysis of specific carbohydrate-protein interactions (i.e., mannose-Con A; ECL-lactose, alpha-Gal-anti-Gal). The apparent affinity constant of Con A binding to mannose was (8.7 +/- 2.8) x 10(5) and (3.9 +/- 0.2) x 10(6) M(-1) measured by QCM and SPR, respectively. The apparent affinity constants of lactose binding with ECL and alpha-Gal binding with polyclonal anti-Gal antibody were determined to be (4.6 +/- 2.4) x 10(6) and (6.7 +/- 3.3) x 10(6) M(-1), respectively by QCM. SPR, QCM, AFM, and electrochemistry studies confirmed that the carbohydrate SAM sensors maintained the specificity to their corresponding lectins and nonspecific adsorption on the clicked carbohydrate surface was negligible. This study showed that the clicked carbohydrate SAMs in concert with nonlabel QCM or SPR offered a potent platform for high-throughput characterization of carbohydrate-protein interactions. Such a combination should complement other methods such as ITC and ELISA in a favorable manner and provide insightful knowledge for the corresponding complex glycobiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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41
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de la Fuente JM, Penadés S. Glyconanoparticles: types, synthesis and applications in glycoscience, biomedicine and material science. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2005; 1760:636-51. [PMID: 16529864 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2005.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2005] [Revised: 11/30/2005] [Accepted: 12/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are the subject of numerous papers and reports and are full of promises for electronic, optical, magnetic and biomedical applications. Although metallic nanoparticles have been functionalized with peptides, proteins and DNA during the last 20 years, carbohydrates have not been used with this purpose until 2001. Since the first synthesis of gold nanoparticles functionalized with carbohydrates (glyconanoparticles) was reported, the number of published articles has considerably increased. This article reviews progress in the development of nanoparticles functionalized with biological relevant oligosaccharides. The glyconanoparticles constitute a good bio-mimetic model of carbohydrate presentation at the cell surface, and maybe, excellent tools for Glycobiology, Biomedicine and Material Science investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M de la Fuente
- Grupo de Carbohidratos, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC, Isla de la Cartuja, Sevilla, Spain.
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Handl HL, Vagner J, Han H, Mash E, Hruby VJ, Gillies RJ. Hitting multiple targets with multimeric ligands. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2005; 8:565-86. [PMID: 15584863 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.8.6.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Multimeric ligands consist of multiple monomeric ligands attached to a single backbone molecule, creating a multimer that can bind to multiple receptors or targets simultaneously. Numerous examples of multimeric binding exist within nature. Due to the multiple and simultaneous binding events, multimeric ligands bind with an increased affinity compared to their corresponding monomers. Multimeric ligands may provide opportunities in the field of drug discovery by providing enhanced selectivity and affinity of binding interactions, thus providing molecular-based targeted therapies. However, gaps in our knowledge currently exist regarding the quantitative measures for important design characteristics, such as flexibility, length and orientation of the inter-ligand linkers, receptor density and ligand sequence. In this review, multimeric ligand binding in two separate phases is examined. The prerecruitment phase describes the binding of one ligand of a multimer to its corresponding receptor, an event similar to monomeric ligand binding. This results in transient increases in the local concentration of the other ligands, leading to apparent cooperativity. The postrecruitment phase only occurs once all receptors have been aligned and bound by their corresponding ligand. This phase is analogous to DNA-DNA interactions in that the stability of the complex is derived from physical orientation. Multiple factors influence the kinetics and thermodynamics of multimeric binding, and these are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Handl
- Arizona Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, 1515 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724-5024, USA
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Synthesis of multivalent neoglycoconjugates by 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition of nitrile oxides and alkynes and evaluation of their lectin-binding affinities. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
A high-density coding system is essential to allow cells to communicate efficiently and swiftly through complex surface interactions. All the structural requirements for forming a wide array of signals with a system of minimal size are met by oligomers of carbohydrates. These molecules surpass amino acids and nucleotides by far in information-storing capacity and serve as ligands in biorecognition processes for the transfer of information. The results of work aiming to reveal the intricate ways in which oligosaccharide determinants of cellular glycoconjugates interact with tissue lectins and thereby trigger multifarious cellular responses (e.g. in adhesion or growth regulation) are teaching amazing lessons about the range of finely tuned activities involved. The ability of enzymes to generate an enormous diversity of biochemical signals is matched by receptor proteins (lectins), which are equally elaborate. The multiformity of lectins ensures accurate signal decoding and transmission. The exquisite refinement of both sides of the protein-carbohydrate recognition system turns the structural complexity of glycans--a demanding but essentially mastered problem for analytical chemistry--into a biochemical virtue. The emerging medical importance of protein-carbohydrate recognition, for example in combating infection and the spread of tumors or in targeting drugs, also explains why this interaction system is no longer below industrial radarscopes. Our review sketches the concept of the sugar code, with a solid description of the historical background. We also place emphasis on a distinctive feature of the code, that is, the potential of a carbohydrate ligand to adopt various defined shapes, each with its own particular ligand properties (differential conformer selection). Proper consideration of the structure and shape of the ligand enables us to envision the chemical design of potent binding partners for a target (in lectin-mediated drug delivery) or ways to block lectins of medical importance (in infection, tumor spread, or inflammation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany.
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Tarasenko O, Islam S, Paquiot D, Levon K. Glycoconjugates for the recognition of Bacillus spores. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:2859-70. [PMID: 15582612 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2004] [Accepted: 10/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates act as ligands in many biological processes, including the folding and secretion of proteins, cell-cell recognition, adhesion, and sporulation in the Bacillus genus. Fluorescent-labeled disaccharide glycoconjugates have been applied to evaluate binding to bacterial spores assuming that the spore surface is covered with carbohydrates. This study has shown that specific recognition of bacterial spores is based on interactions between disaccharide glycoconjugates acting as ligands and monosaccharide units expressed on the exterior of bacterial spores. Using fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE), carbohydrates that are expressed on the exterior of the spores were enumerated. The findings have an impact on how to improve ligand selection, essential for sensor development. In addition, the findings provide new information for inhibition of bacterial spores, and in general, demonstrate how carbohydrates function as recognition signals in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Tarasenko
- The Othmer Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences and Engineering, Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
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Rojo J, Díaz V, de la Fuente JM, Segura I, Barrientos AG, Riese HH, Bernad A, Penadés S. Gold glyconanoparticles as new tools in antiadhesive therapy. Chembiochem 2004; 5:291-7. [PMID: 14997521 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200300726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gold glyconanoparticles (GNPs) have been prepared as new multivalent tools that mimic glycosphingolipids on the cell surface. GNPs are highly soluble under physiological conditions, stable against enzymatic degradation and nontoxic. Thereby GNPs open up a novel promising multivalent platform for biological applications. It has recently been demonstrated that specific tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (glycosphingolipids and glycoproteins) are involved in the initial step of tumor spreading. A mouse melanoma model was selected to test glyconanoparticles as possible inhibitors of experimental lung metastasis. A carbohydrate-carbohydrate interaction is proposed as the first recognition step for this process. Glyconanoparticles presenting lactose (lacto-GNPs) have been used successfully to significantly reduce the progression of experimental metastasis. This result shows for the first time a clear biological effect of lacto-GNPs, demonstrating the potential application of this glyconanotechnology in biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rojo
- Grupo de Carbohidratos, Laboratorio de Gliconanotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC, Américo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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Consoli GML, Cunsolo F, Geraci C, Sgarlata V. Synthesis and Lectin Binding Ability of Glycosamino Acid−Calixarenes Exposing GlcNAc Clusters. Org Lett 2004; 6:4163-6. [PMID: 15524433 DOI: 10.1021/ol0485767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Novel calix[4 or 8]arene-based glycoconjugates exposing terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine clusters have been synthesized using amino acid-calixarenes as building blocks. The obtained glycosamino acid-calixarenes 9b-14b have lectin-binding ability and amplified inhibitory effects on erythrocyte agglutination induced by wheat germ (Triticum vulgaris) agglutinin (WGA). The inhibitory ability is dependent on the presence of the spacer and on the shape and rigidity of the calixarene skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia M L Consoli
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Sezione di Catania CNR, Via del Santuario 110, I-95028 Valverde (CT), Italy
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André S, Liu B, Gabius HJ, Roy R. First demonstration of differential inhibition of lectin binding by synthetic tri- and tetravalent glycoclusters from cross-coupling of rigidified 2-propynyl lactoside. Org Biomol Chem 2003; 1:3909-16. [PMID: 14664382 DOI: 10.1039/b307802g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interplay of mammalian lectins such as galectins with cellular glycoconjugates is intimately involved in crucial reaction pathways including tumor cell adhesion, migration or growth regulation. These clinically relevant functions explain the interest in designing glycoclusters with potent activity to interfere with lectin binding. In view of the perspective for medical applications the following objective arises: to correlate topological factors of ligand display most favorably to reactivity against endogenous lectins. To date, plant agglutinins have commonly been used as models. Properly addressing this issue we first prepared di- to tetravalent clusters from 2-propynyl lactoside under mild oxidative homocoupling conditions and using the Sonogashira palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction with triiodobenzene or pentaerythritol cores. These products were tested for bioactivity in a competitive solid-phase assay using different labeled sugar receptors as probes, i,e. the beta-trefoil mistletoe lectin, the natural lactoside-binding immunoglobulin G fraction from human serum and three mammalian galectins from two subgroups. The lactose headgroups in the derivatives retained ligand properties. Differences in inhibitory capacity were marked between the galectins. In contrast to homodimeric proto-type galectins-1 and -7 significant inhibition of galectin-3 binding with a 7-fold increase in relative potency was observed for the trivalent compound. In comparison, the binding of the beta-trefoil mistletoe agglutinin was reduced best by tetravalent substances The result for galectin-3 was independently confirmed by haemagglutination and cytofluorometric cell binding assays. These data underline the feasibility of galectin-type target selectivity by compound design despite using an identical headgroup (lactose) in synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine André
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 München, Germany
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Gestwicki JE, Cairo CW, Strong LE, Oetjen KA, Kiessling LL. Influencing receptor-ligand binding mechanisms with multivalent ligand architecture. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:14922-33. [PMID: 12475334 DOI: 10.1021/ja027184x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 556] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multivalent ligands can function as inhibitors or effectors of biological processes. Potent inhibitory activity can arise from the high functional affinities of multivalent ligand-receptor interactions. Effector functions, however, are influenced not only by apparent affinities but also by alternate factors, including the ability of a ligand to cluster receptors. Little is known about the molecular features of a multivalent ligand that determine whether it will function as an inhibitor or effector. We envisioned that, by altering multivalent ligand architecture, ligands with preferences for different binding mechanisms would be generated. To this end, a series of 28 ligands possessing structural diversity was synthesized. This series provides the means to explore the effects of ligand architecture on the inhibition and clustering of a model protein, the lectin concanavalin A (Con A). The structural parameters that were varied include scaffold shape, size, valency, and density of binding elements. We found that ligands with certain architectures are effective inhibitors, but others mediate receptor clustering. Specifically, high molecular weight, polydisperse polyvalent ligands are effective inhibitors of Con A binding, whereas linear oligomeric ligands generated by the ring-opening metathesis polymerization have structural properties that favor clustering. The shape of a multivalent ligand also influences specific aspects of receptor clustering. These include the rate at which the receptor is clustered, the number of receptors in the clusters, and the average interreceptor distance. Our results indicate that the architecture of a multivalent ligand is a key parameter in determining its activity as an inhibitor or effector. Diversity-oriented syntheses of multivalent ligands coupled with effective assays that can be used to compare the contributions of different binding parameters may afford ligands that function by specific mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason E Gestwicki
- Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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