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Zhou D, Zhang F, Wang B, He J, Bai Y, Bian H. Anion Recognition in Solution: Insights from Thermodynamics and Ultrafast Structural Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:11183-11189. [PMID: 38055627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Anion recognition through noncovalent interactions stands as an emerging field in supramolecular chemistry, exerting a profound influence on the regulation of biological functions. Herein, the thermodynamics of complexation between sodium cyanate (NaOCN) and calix[4]pyrrole was systematically investigated by linear and nonlinear IR spectroscopy, highlighting enthalpy changes as the dominant driving force. The overall orientational relaxation of bound anion can be described by an Arrhenius-type activated process, yielding an activation energy of 15.0 ± 1.0 kJ mol-1. The structural dynamics of contact ion pairs (CIPs) formed between Na+ and OCN- in solution showed a negligible temperature effect, suggesting entropy changes as the principal governing factor. Further analysis revealed that anion recognition in solution is mediated by conformational changes of the receptor and collective rearrangement of hydrogen bond dynamics. This study, framed within the paradigms of thermodynamics and ultrafast structural dynamics, substantially advances our comprehension of the microscopic mechanisms underlying anion recognition in the realm of supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexia Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Baihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jiman He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yimin Bai
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Hongtao Bian
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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2
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Structures, biosynthesis, and bioactivities of prodiginine natural products. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:7721-7735. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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3
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Deka B, Sarma RJ. 1,3-dinitrobenzene containing Indole-based Schiff bases as chromogenic receptors for F− anions. J CHEM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-021-01932-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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4
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Malla JA, Umesh RM, Yousf S, Mane S, Sharma S, Lahiri M, Talukdar P. A Glutathione Activatable Ion Channel Induces Apoptosis in Cancer Cells by Depleting Intracellular Glutathione Levels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javid Ahmad Malla
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 Maharashtra India
| | - Rintu M. Umesh
- Department of Biology Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 Maharashtra India
| | - Saleem Yousf
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 Maharashtra India
| | - Shrunal Mane
- Department of Biology Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 Maharashtra India
| | - Shilpy Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune) Pune Maharashtra 411007 India
| | - Mayurika Lahiri
- Department of Biology Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 Maharashtra India
| | - Pinaki Talukdar
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 Maharashtra India
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5
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Malla JA, Umesh RM, Yousf S, Mane S, Sharma S, Lahiri M, Talukdar P. A Glutathione Activatable Ion Channel Induces Apoptosis in Cancer Cells by Depleting Intracellular Glutathione Levels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7944-7952. [PMID: 32048775 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells use elevated glutathione (GSH) levels as an inner line of defense to evade apoptosis and develop drug resistance. In this study, we describe a novel 2,4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl (DNS) protected 2-hydroxyisophthalamide system that exploits GSH for its activation into free 2-hydroxyisophthalamide forming supramolecular M+ /Cl- channels. Better permeation of the DNS protected compound into MCF-7 cells compared to the free 2-hydroxyisophthalamide and GSH-activatable ion transport resulted in higher cytotoxicity, which was associated with increased oxidative stress that further reduced the intracellular GSH levels and altered mitochondrial membrane permeability leading to the induction of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. The GSH-activatable transport-mediated cell death was further validated in rat insulinoma cells (INS-1E); wherein the intracellular GSH levels showed a direct correlation to the resulting cytotoxicity. Lastly, the active compound was found to restrict the growth and proliferation of 3D spheroids of MCF-7 cells with efficiency similar to that of the anticancer drug doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javid Ahmad Malla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rintu M Umesh
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Saleem Yousf
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shrunal Mane
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shilpy Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Mayurika Lahiri
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pinaki Talukdar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
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6
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of aza-crown ether–squaramide conjugates as anion/cation symporters. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:1091-1106. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Anion/cation symport across cellular membranes may lead to cell apoptosis and be developed as a strategy for new anticancer drug discovery. Methodology: Four aza-crown ether–squaramide conjugates were synthesized and characterized. Their anion recognition, anion/cation symport, cytotoxicity and probable mechanism of action were investigated in details. Conclusion: These conjugates are able to form ion-pairing complexes with chloride anions and facilitate the transmembrane transport of anions via an anion/cation symport process. They can disrupt the cellular homeostasis of chloride anions and sodium cations and induce the basification of acidic organelles in live cells. These conjugates exhibit moderate cytotoxicity toward the tested cancer cells and trigger cell apoptosis by mediating the influx of chloride anions and sodium cations into live cells.
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7
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Yip CH, Yarkoni O, Ajioka J, Wan KL, Nathan S. Recent advancements in high-level synthesis of the promising clinical drug, prodigiosin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:1667-1680. [PMID: 30637495 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-09611-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prodigiosin, a red linear tripyrrole pigment and a member of the prodiginine family, is normally secreted by the human pathogen Serratia marcescens as a secondary metabolite. Studies on prodigiosin have received renewed attention as a result of reported immunosuppressive, antimicrobial and anticancer properties. High-level synthesis of prodigiosin and the bioengineering of strains to synthesise useful prodiginine derivatives have also been a subject of investigation. To exploit the potential use of prodigiosin as a clinical drug targeting bacteria or as a dye for textiles, high-level synthesis of prodigiosin is a prerequisite. This review presents an overview on the biosynthesis of prodigiosin from its natural host Serratia marcescens and through recombinant approaches as well as highlighting the beneficial properties of prodigiosin. We also discuss the prospect of adopting a synthetic biology approach for safe and cost-effective production of prodigiosin in a more industrially compliant surrogate host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee-Hoo Yip
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Orr Yarkoni
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - James Ajioka
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Kiew-Lian Wan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sheila Nathan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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8
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Shinde SV, Talukdar P. Transmembrane H+/Cl− cotransport activity of bis(amido)imidazole receptors. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:4483-4490. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00554d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bis(amide) appended imidazole having a sickle-shaped trivalent hydrogen-bonding structure reported as a transmembrane H+/Cl− symporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sopan Valiba Shinde
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Pinaki Talukdar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune
- Pune 411008
- India
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9
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Xie S, Savchenko AI, Kerscher M, Grange RL, Krenske EH, Harmer JR, Bauer MJ, Broit N, Watters DJ, Boyle GM, Bernhardt PV, Parsons PG, Comba P, Gahan LR, Williams CM. Heteroatom-Interchanged Isomers of Lissoclinamide 5: Copper(II) Complexation, Halide Binding, and Biological Activity. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sida Xie
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences; The University of Queensland; 4072 Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Southwest Forestry University; 650224 Kunming P. R. China
| | - Andrei I. Savchenko
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences; The University of Queensland; 4072 Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Marion Kerscher
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut and Interdisciplinary Centre for Scientific Computing; Universität Heidelberg; INF 270; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Rebecca L. Grange
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences; The University of Queensland; 4072 Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Elizabeth H. Krenske
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences; The University of Queensland; 4072 Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Jeffrey R. Harmer
- Center for Advanced Imaging; The University of Queensland; 4072 Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Michelle J. Bauer
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute; PO Royal Brisbane Hospital; 4029 Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Natasa Broit
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute; PO Royal Brisbane Hospital; 4029 Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Dianne J. Watters
- School of Environment and Science; Griffith University; 4111 Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Glen M. Boyle
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute; PO Royal Brisbane Hospital; 4029 Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Paul V. Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences; The University of Queensland; 4072 Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Peter G. Parsons
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute; PO Royal Brisbane Hospital; 4029 Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Peter Comba
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut and Interdisciplinary Centre for Scientific Computing; Universität Heidelberg; INF 270; 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Lawrence R. Gahan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences; The University of Queensland; 4072 Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Craig M. Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences; The University of Queensland; 4072 Brisbane Queensland Australia
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10
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Duzhak AB, Williams TD, Panfilova ZI, Tsentalovich YP, Duzhak TG. Application of microbial alkaloid prodigiosin as a potent matrix for the MALDI mass spectrometry analysis of low-molecular-weight plant antioxidants. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934816130049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Chen S, Zhang S, Bao C, Wang C, Lin Q, Zhu L. Oligo(aryl-triazole)s CHCl - interactions guide chloride efficient and selective transmembrane transport. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:13132-13135. [PMID: 27761537 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07792g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of oligo(aryl-triazole)s (compounds 1-8) have been synthesized and served as transmembrane anion transporters by only CHCl- interactions. This work confirms their role in the activity of anion transport. By changing the lipophilicity and anion affinity of the compounds, efficient anion transport with remarkable Cl-vs. HCO3- selectivity was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujun Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
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12
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Van Rossom W, Asby DJ, Tavassoli A, Gale PA. Perenosins: a new class of anion transporter with anti-cancer activity. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:2645-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00002a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new class of anion transporter named ‘perenosins’ consisting of a pyrrole linked through an imine to either an indole, benzimidazole or indazole is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim Van Rossom
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Southampton
- UK
| | - Daniel J. Asby
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Southampton
- UK
| | - Ali Tavassoli
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Southampton
- UK
| | - Philip A. Gale
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Southampton
- UK
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13
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Knight NJ, Hernando E, Haynes CJE, Busschaert N, Clarke HJ, Takimoto K, García-Valverde M, Frey JG, Quesada R, Gale PA. QSAR analysis of substituent effects on tambjamine anion transporters. Chem Sci 2015; 7:1600-1608. [PMID: 29899901 PMCID: PMC5964965 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03932k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane anion transport activity of 43 synthetic molecules based on the structure of marine alkaloid tambjamine were assessed in model phospholipid (POPC) liposomes. The anionophoric activity of these molecules showed a parabolic dependence with lipophilicity, with an optimum range for transport efficiency. Using a quantitative structure-transport activity (QSAR) approach it was possible to rationalize these results and to quantify the contribution of lipophilicity to the transport activity of these derivatives. While the optimal value of log P and the curvature of the parabolic dependence is a property of the membrane (and so similar for the different series of substituents) we found that for relatively simple substituents in certain locations on the tambjamine core, hydrophobic interactions clearly dominate, but for others, more specific interactions are present that change the position of the membrane hydrophobicity parabolic envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Knight
- Chemistry , University of Southampton , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)23 8059 3332
| | - Elsa Hernando
- Departamento de Química , Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Burgos , 09001 Burgos , Spain .
| | - Cally J E Haynes
- Chemistry , University of Southampton , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)23 8059 3332
| | - Nathalie Busschaert
- Chemistry , University of Southampton , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)23 8059 3332
| | - Harriet J Clarke
- Chemistry , University of Southampton , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)23 8059 3332
| | - Koji Takimoto
- Organic and Polymeric Materials , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 O-okayama , Tokyo 152-8552 , Japan
| | - María García-Valverde
- Departamento de Química , Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Burgos , 09001 Burgos , Spain .
| | - Jeremy G Frey
- Chemistry , University of Southampton , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)23 8059 3332
| | - Roberto Quesada
- Departamento de Química , Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Burgos , 09001 Burgos , Spain .
| | - Philip A Gale
- Chemistry , University of Southampton , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)23 8059 3332
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14
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Efficient, non-toxic anion transport by synthetic carriers in cells and epithelia. Nat Chem 2015; 8:24-32. [PMID: 26673261 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transmembrane anion transporters (anionophores) have potential for new modes of biological activity, including therapeutic applications. In particular they might replace the activity of defective anion channels in conditions such as cystic fibrosis. However, data on the biological effects of anionophores are scarce, and it remains uncertain whether such molecules are fundamentally toxic. Here, we report a biological study of an extensive series of powerful anion carriers. Fifteen anionophores were assayed in single cells by monitoring anion transport in real time through fluorescence emission from halide-sensitive yellow fluorescent protein. A bis-(p-nitrophenyl)ureidodecalin shows especially promising activity, including deliverability, potency and persistence. Electrophysiological tests show strong effects in epithelia, close to those of natural anion channels. Toxicity assays yield negative results in three cell lines, suggesting that promotion of anion transport may not be deleterious to cells. We therefore conclude that synthetic anion carriers are realistic candidates for further investigation as treatments for cystic fibrosis.
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15
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Lang C, Zhang X, Luo Q, Dong Z, Xu J, Liu J. Powerful Bipodal Anion Transporters Based on Scaffolds That Contain Different Chalcogens. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Deng LQ, Li Z, Lu YM, Chen JX, Zhou CQ, Wang B, Chen WH. Synthesis and transmembrane anion/cation symport activity of a rigid bis(choloyl) conjugate functionalized with guanidino groups. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:745-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Li Z, Deng LQ, Chen JX, Zhou CQ, Chen WH. Does lipophilicity affect the effectiveness of a transmembrane anion transporter? Insight from squaramido-functionalized bis(choloyl) conjugates. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:11761-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01920f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lipophilicity was found to have little effect on the effectiveness of squaramido-functionalized bis(choloyl) conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- P. R. China
| | - Li-Qun Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- P. R. China
| | - Jin-Xiang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- P. R. China
| | - Chun-Qiong Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- P. R. China
| | - Wen-Hua Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- P. R. China
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18
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Rastogi S, Marchal E, Uddin I, Groves B, Colpitts J, McFarland SA, Davis JT, Thompson A. Synthetic prodigiosenes and the influence of C-ring substitution on DNA cleavage, transmembrane chloride transport and basicity. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 11:3834-45. [PMID: 23640568 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40477c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Analogues of the tripyrrolic natural product prodigiosin bearing an additional methyl and a carbonyl group at the C-ring were synthesised and evaluated. In vitro anticancer activity screening (NCI) and the study of modes of action (copper-mediated cleavage of double-stranded DNA and transmembrane transport of chloride anions) showed that the presence of the methyl group is not detrimental to activity. Furthermore, although the presence of an ester conjugated to the prodigiosene C-ring seems to decrease both pK(a) and chloride transport efficiency compared to the natural product, these analogues still exhibit a high rate of chloride transport. All analogues exhibit good in vitro anticancer activity and reduced toxicity compared to the natural product: compare an acute systemic toxicity of 100 mg kg(-1) in mice vs. 4 mg kg(-1) for prodigiosin, pointing towards a larger therapeutic window than for the natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Rastogi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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20
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Van Rossom W, Matsushita Y, Ariga K, Hill JP. New synthesis of unsymmetrically-substituted 2,5-diarylpyrroles from homopropargyl sulfonamides. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46579a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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21
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Valkenier H, Haynes CJE, Herniman J, Gale PA, Davis AP. Lipophilic balance – a new design principle for transmembrane anion carriers. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52962b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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22
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Abstract
In this Account, we discuss the development of new lipid bilayer anion transporters based on the structure of anionophoric natural products (the prodigiosins) and purely synthetic supramolecular systems. We have studied the interaction of these compounds with human cancer cell lines, and, in general, the most active anion transporter compounds possess the greatest anti-cancer properties. Initially, we describe the anion transport properties of synthetic molecules that are based on the structure of the family of natural products known as the prodiginines. Obatoclax, for example, is a prodiginine derivative with an indole ring that is currently in clinical trials for use as an anti-cancer drug. The anion transport properties of the compounds were correlated with their toxicity toward small cell human lung cancer GLC4 cells. We studied related compounds with enamine moieties, tambjamines, that serve as active transporters. These molecules and others in this series could depolarize acidic compartments within GLC4 cells and trigger apoptosis. In a study of the variation of lipophilicity of a series of these compounds, we observed that, as log P increases, the anion transport efficiency reaches a peak and then decreases. In addition, we discuss the anion transport properties of series of synthetic supramolecular anion receptor species. We synthesized trisureas and thioureas based on the tren backbone, and found that the thiourea compounds effectively transport anions. Fluorination of the pendant phenyl groups in this series of compounds greatly enhances the transport properties. Similar to our earlier results, the most active anion transporters reduced the viability of human cancer cell lines by depolarizing acidic compartments in GLC4 cells and triggering apoptosis. In an attempt to produce simpler transporters that obey Lipinski's Rule of Five, we synthesized simpler systems containing a single urea or thiourea group. Once again the thiourea systems, and in particular a thiourea with a pendant indole group, transported anions efficiently. A series of related compounds containing a pendant trifluoromethyl group showed enhanced transport and significant anticancer properties. Researchers still need to determine of the exact mechanism of how these compounds depolarize acidic organelles within cancer cells. However, this work shows that these transporters based upon both natural products and purely synthetic supramolecular systems transport anions, depolarize acidic compartments within cancer cells and trigger apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A. Gale
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Tomás
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Quesada
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
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23
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Alfonso I, Quesada R. Biological activity of synthetic ionophores: ion transporters as prospective drugs? Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc50882j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Complexes of prodigiosin (a naturally occurring pyrrolylpyrromethene) with H+, Cl−, and CO2: A computational study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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García-Valverde M, Alfonso I, Quiñonero D, Quesada R. Conformational Analysis of a Model Synthetic Prodiginine. J Org Chem 2012; 77:6538-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jo301008c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María García-Valverde
- Departamento de Química,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Ignacio Alfonso
- Departamento de Química
Biológica y Modelización Molecular, Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña (IQAC−CSIC),
Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Quiñonero
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca,
Spain
| | - Roberto Quesada
- Departamento de Química,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
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Quesada R. Membrane Transport. Supramol Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470661345.smc173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hernández PI, Moreno D, Javier AA, Torroba T, Pérez-Tomás R, Quesada R. Tambjamine alkaloids and related synthetic analogs: efficient transmembrane anion transporters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:1556-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc11300c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Díaz de Greñu B, Iglesias Hernández P, Espona M, Quiñonero D, Light ME, Torroba T, Pérez-Tomás R, Quesada R. Synthetic prodiginine obatoclax (GX15-070) and related analogues: anion binding, transmembrane transport, and cytotoxicity properties. Chemistry 2011; 17:14074-83. [PMID: 22069220 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic prodiginine obatoclax shows promise as a potential anticancer drug. This compound promotes apoptosis of cancer cells, although the mechanism of action is unclear. To date, only the inhibition of BCL-2 proteins has been proposed as a mechanism of action. To gain insight into other possible modes of action, we have studied the anion-binding properties of obatoclax and related analogues in solution, in the solid state, and by means of density functional theory calculations. These compounds are well suited to interact with anions such as chloride and bicarbonate. The anion-transport properties of the compounds synthesized were assayed in model phospholipid liposomes by using a chloride-selective-electrode technique and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that these compounds are efficient anion exchangers that promote chloride, bicarbonate, and nitrate transport through lipid bilayers at very low concentrations. In vitro studies on small-cell lung carcinoma cell line GLC4 showed that active ionophores are able to discharge pH gradients in living cells and the cytotoxicity of these compounds correlates well with ionophoric activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Díaz de Greñu
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
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Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is the most well-known of a variety of diseases termed channelopathies, in which the regulation of ion transport across cell membranes is so disrupted that the threshold of a pathology is passed. The human toll exacted by these diseases has led a number of research groups, including our own, to create compounds that mediate ion transport across lipid bilayers. In this Account, we discuss three classes of synthetic compounds that were refined to bind and transport anions across lipid bilayer membranes. All of the compounds were originally designed as anion receptors, that is, species that would simply create stable complexes with anions, but were then further developed as transporters. By studying structurally simple systems and varying their properties to change the degree of preorganization, the affinity for anions, or the lipophilicity, we have begun to rationalize why particular anion transport mechanisms (cotransport or antiport processes) occur in particular cases. For example, we have studied the chloride transport properties of receptors based on the closely related structures of isophthalamide and pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide: the central ring in each case was augmented with pendant methylimidazole groups designed to cotransport H(+) and Cl(-). We observed that the more preorganized pyridine-based receptor was the more efficient transporter, a finding replicated with a series of isophthalamides in which one contained hydroxyl groups designed to preorganize the receptor. This latter class of compound, together with the natural product prodigiosin, can transport bicarbonate (as part of a chloride/bicarbonate antiport process) across lipid bilayer membranes. We have also studied the membrane transport properties of calix[4]pyrroles. Although the parent meso-octamethylcalix[4]pyrrole functions solely as a Cs(+)/Cl(-) cotransporter, other compounds with increased anion affinities can function through an antiport process. One example is octafluoro-meso-octamethylcalix[4]pyrrole; with its electron-withdrawing substituents, it can operate through a chloride/bicarbonate antiport process. Moreover, calix[4]pyrroles with additional hydrogen bond donors can operate through a chloride/nitrate antiport process. Thus, increasing the affinity of the receptor in these cases allows the compound to transport an anion in the absence of a cation. Finally, we have studied the transport properties of simple thioureas and shown that these compounds are highly potent chloride/bicarbonate antiport agents that function at low concentrations. In contrast, the urea analogues are inactive. The higher hydrophobicity (reflected in higher values for the logarithm of the water-octanol partition constant, or log P) and lower polar surface areas of the thiourea compounds compared to their urea analogues may provide a clue to the high potency of these compounds. This observation might serve as a basis for designing future small-molecule transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A. Gale
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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