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Dhanjal DS, Singh R, Sharma V, Nepovimova E, Adam V, Kuca K, Chopra C. Advances in Genetic Reprogramming: Prospects from Developmental Biology to Regenerative Medicine. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:1646-1690. [PMID: 37138422 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230503144619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The foundations of cell reprogramming were laid by Yamanaka and co-workers, who showed that somatic cells can be reprogrammed into pluripotent cells (induced pluripotency). Since this discovery, the field of regenerative medicine has seen advancements. For example, because they can differentiate into multiple cell types, pluripotent stem cells are considered vital components in regenerative medicine aimed at the functional restoration of damaged tissue. Despite years of research, both replacement and restoration of failed organs/ tissues have remained elusive scientific feats. However, with the inception of cell engineering and nuclear reprogramming, useful solutions have been identified to counter the need for compatible and sustainable organs. By combining the science underlying genetic engineering and nuclear reprogramming with regenerative medicine, scientists have engineered cells to make gene and stem cell therapies applicable and effective. These approaches have enabled the targeting of various pathways to reprogramme cells, i.e., make them behave in beneficial ways in a patient-specific manner. Technological advancements have clearly supported the concept and realization of regenerative medicine. Genetic engineering is used for tissue engineering and nuclear reprogramming and has led to advances in regenerative medicine. Targeted therapies and replacement of traumatized , damaged, or aged organs can be realized through genetic engineering. Furthermore, the success of these therapies has been validated through thousands of clinical trials. Scientists are currently evaluating induced tissue-specific stem cells (iTSCs), which may lead to tumour-free applications of pluripotency induction. In this review, we present state-of-the-art genetic engineering that has been used in regenerative medicine. We also focus on ways that genetic engineering and nuclear reprogramming have transformed regenerative medicine and have become unique therapeutic niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Reena Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Varun Sharma
- Head of Bioinformatic Division, NMC Genetics India Pvt. Ltd., Gurugram, India
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, CZ 613 00, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, Brno, CZ-612 00, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50005, Czech Republic
| | - Chirag Chopra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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Gao S, Chen B, Zhu Z, Du C, Zou J, Yang Y, Huang W, Liao J. PI3K-Akt signaling regulates BMP2-induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs): A transcriptomic landscape analysis. Stem Cell Res 2023; 66:103010. [PMID: 36580886 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2022.103010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) effectively induced mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) osteogenic differentiation hold great potential for bone tissue engineering. However, a global mechanistic view of BMP2-induced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs remains to be fully elucidated. Here, human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) were induced with BMP2, three days and five days later, total RNA were extracted and subjected to RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) followed with bioinformatic analysis. Osteogenic differentiation abilities were evaluated with Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and osteogenic differentiation marker expression at both mRNA and protein levels. We identified that adenoviral vectors effectively transduced in UC-MSCs and expressed BMP2 in high efficiency. Both on day 3 and day 5, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were highly enriched in PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. As for the common DEGs among total BMP2 group vs control group, BMP2 (day 3) versus control (day 3) and BMP2 (day 5) versus control (day 5), there were 105 DGEs and highly enriched in PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Finally, we found that PI3K-Akt signaling inhibitor dramatically inhibited BMP2-iduced osteogenic differentiation of UC-MSCs. We firstly identified that PI3K-Akt signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in BMP2-induced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, which may apply a new perspective for BMP2 based bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqiang Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bowen Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhenglin Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chengcheng Du
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jing Zou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yaji Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Junyi Liao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Davies TF, Latif R, Sachidanandam R, Ma R. The Transient Human Thyroid Progenitor Cell: Examining the Thyroid Continuum from Stem Cell to Follicular Cell. Thyroid 2021; 31:1151-1159. [PMID: 33678005 PMCID: PMC8377509 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: The development of the thyroid follicular cell has been well characterized as it progresses from the original stem cell, either embryonic or adult, through a series of transitions to form a differentiated and functional thyroid cell. Summary: In this review, we briefly outline what is known about this transitional process with emphasis on characterizing the thyroid progenitor stem cell by using data obtained from both in vitro and in vivo studies and both mouse and human cells. It is of particular importance to note the influence of independent factors that guide the transcriptional control of the developing thyroid cell as it is subjected to extracellular signals, often working via epigenetic changes, and initiating intrinsic transcriptional changes leading to a functional cell. Conclusion: Thyroid stem cells fall into the category of dispositional stem cells and are greatly influenced by their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry F. Davies
- Thyroid Research Unit, Department of Medicine and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rauf Latif
- Thyroid Research Unit, Department of Medicine and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ravi Sachidanandam
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Risheng Ma
- Thyroid Research Unit, Department of Medicine and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Address correspondence to: Risheng Ma, MD, PhD, Thyroid Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Dr. R. Ma, Room 4-23, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box #1055, New York, NY 10029-5674, USA
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Sun G, Teng Y, Zhao Z, Cheow LF, Yu H, Chen CH. Functional Stem Cell Sorting via Integrative Droplet Synchronization. Anal Chem 2020; 92:7915-7923. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoyun Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, 04-08, Singapore
| | - Yao Teng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 2 Medical Drive, MD9, Singapore
| | - Zixuan Zhao
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 04-08 Singapore
| | - Lih Feng Cheow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, 04-08, Singapore
| | - Hanry Yu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 2 Medical Drive, MD9, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 04-08 Singapore
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos 07-01, Singapore
- CAMP, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, 04-01, Singapore
| | - Chia-Hung Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR China
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Műzes G, Sipos F. Issues and opportunities of stem cell therapy in autoimmune diseases. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:212-221. [PMID: 31110602 PMCID: PMC6503459 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i4.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of regenerative medicine is to restore or enhance the normal function of human cells, tissues, and organs. From a clinical point of view, the use of stem cells is more advantageous than differentiated cells because they can be collected more easily and in larger quantities, their proliferation capacity is more pronounced, they are more resistant in cell culture, their aging is delayed, they are able to form a number of cell lines, and they are able to promote vascularization of tissue carriers. The therapeutic use of stem cells for disease modification, immunomodulation, or regenerative purposes are undoubtedly encouraging, but most studies are still in their early stages, and the clinical results reported are not clear with regard to therapeutic efficacy and potential side effects. Uniform regulation of the clinical application of stem cells is also indispensable for this highly customizable, minimally invasive, individualized therapeutic method to become a successful and safe treatment alternative in many different autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Györgyi Műzes
- Immunology Team, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Street 46, Budapest 1088, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Sipos
- Immunology Team, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Street 46, Budapest 1088, Hungary
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Comparison of Hematopoietic and Spermatogonial Stem Cell Niches from the Regenerative Medicine Aspect. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1107:15-40. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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