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Kubiak CA, Grochmal J, Kung TA, Cederna PS, Midha R, Kemp SWP. Stem-cell-based therapies to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration. Muscle Nerve 2019; 61:449-459. [PMID: 31725911 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury remains a major cause of morbidity in trauma patients. Despite advances in microsurgical techniques and improved understanding of nerve regeneration, obtaining satisfactory outcomes after peripheral nerve injury remains a difficult clinical problem. There is a growing body of evidence in preclinical animal studies demonstrating the supportive role of stem cells in peripheral nerve regeneration after injury. The characteristics of both mesoderm-derived and ectoderm-derived stem cell types and their role in peripheral nerve regeneration are discussed, specifically focusing on the presentation of both foundational laboratory studies and translational applications. The current state of clinical translation is presented, with an emphasis on both ethical considerations of using stems cells in humans and current governmental regulatory policies. Current advancements in cell-based therapies represent a promising future with regard to supporting nerve regeneration and achieving significant functional recovery after debilitating nerve injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie A Kubiak
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joey Grochmal
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Theodore A Kung
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Paul S Cederna
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rajiv Midha
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephen W P Kemp
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Hsu CYM, Walsh T, Borys BS, Kallos MS, Rancourt DE. An Integrated Approach toward the Biomanufacturing of Engineered Cell Therapy Products in a Stirred-Suspension Bioreactor. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2018; 9:376-389. [PMID: 30038941 PMCID: PMC6054699 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in stem cell biology have accelerated the pre-clinical development of cell-based therapies for degenerative and chronic diseases. The success of this growing area hinges upon the concomitant development of scalable manufacturing platforms that can produce clinically relevant quantities of cells for thousands of patients. Current biomanufacturing practices for cell therapy products are built on a model previously optimized for biologics, wherein stable cell lines are established first, followed by large-scale production in the bioreactor. This “two-step” approach can be costly, labor-intensive, and time-consuming, particularly for cell therapy products that must be individually sourced from patients or compatible donors. In this report, we describe a “one-step” integrated approach toward the biomanufacturing of engineered cell therapy products by direct transfection of primary human fibroblast in a continuous stirred-suspension bioreactor. We optimized the transfection efficiency by testing rate-limiting factors, including cell seeding density, agitation rate, oxygen saturation, microcarrier type, and serum concentration. By combining the genetic modification step with the large-scale expansion step, this not only removes the need for manual handing of cells in planar culture dishes, but also enables the biomanufacturing process to be streamlined and automated in one fully enclosed bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Y M Hsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Tylor Walsh
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Breanna S Borys
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Michael S Kallos
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Derrick E Rancourt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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Budel L, Djabali K. Rapid isolation and expansion of skin-derived precursor cells from human primary fibroblast cultures. Biol Open 2017; 6:1745-1755. [PMID: 29141956 PMCID: PMC5703604 DOI: 10.1242/bio.025130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin-derived precursor (SKP) cells have self-renewal and multipotent abilities and are found in the dermis. SKP cells have been isolated previously from pre-established dermal fibroblast cultures. In these procedures, long-term culture and low yield remain the crucial aspects requiring improvement. In this study, we exposed pre-established dermal fibroblasts to 30-min acid stress prior to isolating SKP cells (termed pH-SKP) and compared the yield to the previously published trypsin- and no-stress methods. Spheroid formation was confirmed and analyzed at days 3, 5 and 7. Stemness was investigated by immunohistochemistry for the stem cell markers Nestin, CD9, vimentin and NG2. Multipotency was investigated by differentiation into adipocytes, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. The pH-SKP spheroid yield at day 5 was four- and threefold higher than those obtained using trypsin- and no-stress methods, respectively. The expression of stem cell markers Nestin, CD9, vimentin and NG2 were significantly expressed in pH-SKPs compared to the fibroblast origin. Successful pH-SKP spheroid formation and differentiation were achieved and validated in 11 distinct human primary fibroblast lines. These results demonstrate that acute acidic stress treatment of dermal fibroblast cultures greatly improves SKP isolation, growth, yield and multipotency compared to previous methods. Summary: Exposure of human dermal fibroblast cultures to a short period of acidic stress results in rapid isolation of skin-derived precursor (SKP) cells under the three-dimensional SKP culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leithe Budel
- Epigenetics of Aging, Department of Dermatology, TUM school of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching-Munich, Germany
| | - Karima Djabali
- Epigenetics of Aging, Department of Dermatology, TUM school of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching-Munich, Germany
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