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Sun T, Li M, Liu Q, Yu A, Cheng K, Ma J, Murphy S, McNutt PM, Zhang Y. Insights into optimizing exosome therapies for acute skin wound healing and other tissue repair. Front Med 2024; 18:258-284. [PMID: 38216854 PMCID: PMC11283324 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Exosome therapy holds great promise as a novel approach to improve acute skin wound healing. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of exosome biology and its potential applications in acute skin wound healing and beyond. Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles secreted by various stem cells, have emerged as potent mediators of intercellular communication and tissue repair. One advantage of exosome therapy is its ability to avoid potential risks associated with stem cell therapy, such as immune rejection or stem cells differentiating into unwanted cell types. However, further research is necessary to optimize exosome therapy, not only in the areas of exosome isolation, characterization, and engineering, but also in determining the optimal dose, timing, administration, and frequency of exosome therapy. Thus, optimization of exosome therapy is critical for the development of more effective and safer exosome-based therapies for acute skin wound healing and other diseases induced by cancer, ischemia, or inflammation. This review provides valuable insights into the potential of exosome therapy and highlights the need for further research to optimize exosome therapy for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjing Sun
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Mo Li
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China.
| | - Anyong Yu
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China.
| | - Kun Cheng
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Jianxing Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Sean Murphy
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Patrick Michael McNutt
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA.
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Sierra-Sánchez Á, Barbier MA, Magne B, Larouche D, Arias-Santiago S, Germain L. Comparison of Two Human Skin Cell Isolation Protocols and Their Influence on Keratinocyte and Fibroblast Culture. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14712. [PMID: 37834159 PMCID: PMC10572435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
For the development of advanced therapies, the use of primary cells instead of cell lines is preferred. The manufacture of human tissue-engineered skin substitutes requires efficient isolation and culture protocols allowing a massive expansion of the cells in culture from an initial specimen of a minimal size. This study compared two skin cell isolation protocols, routinely applied in two clinical laboratories. Epithelial (keratinocytes) and dermal (fibroblasts) cells were isolated and cultured from three human skin biopsies (N = 3). The two-step digestion protocol (LOEX-Protocol) firstly used thermolysin to enzymatically disrupt the dermal-epidermal junction while, for the one-step digestion protocol (UPCIT-Protocol), mechanical detachment with scissors was applied. Then, the epidermal and dermal layers were digested, respectively, to achieve cell isolation. The cell size, viability, yield and growth were analyzed over five passages (P). The colony-forming efficiency (CFE) and Keratin 19 (K19) expression of epithelial cells were also assessed after P0 and P1. Regarding the dermal cells, no significant differences were observed in the tested parameters of isolation and culture. However, for the epithelial cells, viability was higher (93% vs. 85%) and the number of cells extracted per cm2 of skin was 3.4 times higher using the LOEX-Protocol compared to the UPCIT-Protocol. No significant difference was observed for any parameter once the keratinocytes were cultured from P1 to P4. The CFE and K19 expression decreased from P0 to P1 in both protocols, probably due to the culture process. This study shows that both protocols enable the efficient isolation of skin dermal and epithelial cells and subsequent culture to produce grafts destined for the treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Sierra-Sánchez
- LOEX Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Université Laval Research Center and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Unidad de Producción Celular e Ingeniería Tisular (UPCIT), Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, ibs.Granada, Andalusian Network of Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Martin A Barbier
- LOEX Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Université Laval Research Center and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Brice Magne
- LOEX Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Université Laval Research Center and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Danielle Larouche
- LOEX Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Université Laval Research Center and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Salvador Arias-Santiago
- Unidad de Producción Celular e Ingeniería Tisular (UPCIT), Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, ibs.Granada, Andalusian Network of Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Department of Dermatology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Lucie Germain
- LOEX Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Université Laval Research Center and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
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Yang YH, Zhang RZ, Cheng S, Xu B, Tian T, Shi HX, Xiao L, Chen RH. Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Epidermal Keratinocytes. Cell Reprogram 2018; 20:356-364. [PMID: 30388030 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2018.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) play an important role in cell replacement therapy. Several studies have shown that keratinocytes are promising reprogrammed cells. We easily and efficiently enriched epidermal stem cells by attaching them for a limited time in culture dishes. Individual epidermal cells enriched in stem cells, which showed strong immunostaining for K15, were obtained and generated iPSCs within 10 days after transfection with lentiviruses encoding 4 transcription factors (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and NANOG). Immunofluorescent staining showed that those iPSCs expressed SOX2, OCT4, NANOG, and SSEA3 (a specific marker of embryonic stem cells). The embryoid bodies generated from those iPSCs stained positively for OCT4 and NANOG and also with the CDy1 dye that is specific for stem cells. When the iPSCs were subcutaneously injected into 4-week-old BALB/c nude mice, teratoma developed at the inoculation site. The iPSCs also demonstrated reduced DNA methylation compared with the original cells and could be induced to differentiate into adipocytes (mesodermal), hepatocytes (endodermal), and neural cells (ectodermal) in vitro. Our research provides an easy and efficient method for producing iPSCs from keratinocytes, which has important applications in cell replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hua Yang
- 1 Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University , Changzhou, China
| | - Ru-Zhi Zhang
- 1 Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University , Changzhou, China
| | - Sai Cheng
- 2 Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of XinXiang Medical College , XinXiang, China
| | - Bin Xu
- 1 Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University , Changzhou, China
| | - Ting Tian
- 1 Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University , Changzhou, China
| | - Hai-Xia Shi
- 1 Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University , Changzhou, China
| | - Li Xiao
- 1 Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University , Changzhou, China
| | - Ren-He Chen
- 1 Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University , Changzhou, China
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