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Dong S, Zheng W, Pinkerton N, Hansen J, Tikunova SB, Davis JP, Heissler SM, Kudryashova E, Egelman EH, Kudryashov DS. Photorhabdus luminescens TccC3 Toxin Targets the Dynamic Population of F-Actin and Impairs Cell Cortex Integrity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7026. [PMID: 35806028 PMCID: PMC9266650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its essential role in cellular processes, actin is a common target for bacterial toxins. One such toxin, TccC3, is an effector domain of the ABC-toxin produced by entomopathogenic bacteria of Photorhabdus spp. Unlike other actin-targeting toxins, TccC3 uniquely ADP-ribosylates actin at Thr-148, resulting in the formation of actin aggregates and inhibition of phagocytosis. It has been shown that the fully modified F-actin is resistant to depolymerization by cofilin and gelsolin, but their effects on partially modified actin were not explored. We found that only F-actin unprotected by tropomyosin is the physiological TccC3 substrate. Yet, ADP-ribosylated G-actin can be produced upon cofilin-accelerated F-actin depolymerization, which was only mildly inhibited in partially modified actin. The affinity of TccC3-ADP-ribosylated G-actin for profilin and thymosin-β4 was weakened moderately but sufficiently to potentiate spontaneous polymerization in their presence. Interestingly, the Arp2/3-mediated nucleation was also potentiated by T148-ADP-ribosylation. Notably, even partially modified actin showed reduced bundling by plastins and α-actinin. In agreement with the role of these and other tandem calponin-homology domain actin organizers in the assembly of the cortical actin network, TccC3 induced intense membrane blebbing in cultured cells. Overall, our data suggest that TccC3 imposes a complex action on the cytoskeleton by affecting F-actin nucleation, recycling, and interaction with actin-binding proteins involved in the integration of actin filaments with each other and cellular elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyu Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.D.); (N.P.); (J.H.); (E.K.)
- The Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Weili Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; (W.Z.); (E.H.E.)
| | - Nicholas Pinkerton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.D.); (N.P.); (J.H.); (E.K.)
| | - Jacob Hansen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.D.); (N.P.); (J.H.); (E.K.)
| | - Svetlana B. Tikunova
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.B.T.); (J.P.D.); (S.M.H.)
| | - Jonathan P. Davis
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.B.T.); (J.P.D.); (S.M.H.)
| | - Sarah M. Heissler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.B.T.); (J.P.D.); (S.M.H.)
| | - Elena Kudryashova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.D.); (N.P.); (J.H.); (E.K.)
| | - Edward H. Egelman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; (W.Z.); (E.H.E.)
| | - Dmitri S. Kudryashov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.D.); (N.P.); (J.H.); (E.K.)
- The Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Cheng RA, Wiedmann M. The ADP-Ribosylating Toxins of Salmonella. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E416. [PMID: 31315299 PMCID: PMC6669713 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11070416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of pathogenic bacteria utilize toxins to mediate disease in a susceptible host. The foodborne pathogen Salmonella is one of the most important and well-studied bacterial pathogens. Recently, whole genome sequence characterizations revealed the presence of multiple novel ADP-ribosylating toxins encoded by a variety of Salmonella serovars. In this review, we discuss both the classical (SpvB) and novel (typhoid toxin, ArtAB, and SboC/SeoC) ADP-ribosylating toxins of Salmonella, including the structure and function of these toxins and our current understanding of their contributions to virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Kühn S, Mannherz HG. Actin: Structure, Function, Dynamics, and Interactions with Bacterial Toxins. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2016; 399:1-34. [PMID: 27848038 DOI: 10.1007/82_2016_45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Actin is one of the most abundant proteins in any eukaryotic cell and an indispensable component of the cytoskeleton. In mammalian organisms, six highly conserved actin isoforms can be distinguished, which differ by only a few amino acids. In non-muscle cells, actin polymerizes into actin filaments that form actin structures essential for cell shape stabilization, and participates in a number of motile activities like intracellular vesicle transport, cytokinesis, and also cell locomotion. Here, we describe the structure of monomeric and polymeric actin, the polymerization kinetics, and its regulation by actin-binding proteins. Probably due to its conserved nature and abundance, actin and its regulating factors have emerged as prefered targets of bacterial toxins and effectors, which subvert the host actin cytoskeleton to serve bacterial needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Kühn
- Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Hans Georg Mannherz
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany.
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