1
|
Baquero F, Martínez JL, F. Lanza V, Rodríguez-Beltrán J, Galán JC, San Millán A, Cantón R, Coque TM. Evolutionary Pathways and Trajectories in Antibiotic Resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 2021; 34:e0005019. [PMID: 34190572 PMCID: PMC8404696 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00050-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolution is the hallmark of life. Descriptions of the evolution of microorganisms have provided a wealth of information, but knowledge regarding "what happened" has precluded a deeper understanding of "how" evolution has proceeded, as in the case of antimicrobial resistance. The difficulty in answering the "how" question lies in the multihierarchical dimensions of evolutionary processes, nested in complex networks, encompassing all units of selection, from genes to communities and ecosystems. At the simplest ontological level (as resistance genes), evolution proceeds by random (mutation and drift) and directional (natural selection) processes; however, sequential pathways of adaptive variation can occasionally be observed, and under fixed circumstances (particular fitness landscapes), evolution is predictable. At the highest level (such as that of plasmids, clones, species, microbiotas), the systems' degrees of freedom increase dramatically, related to the variable dispersal, fragmentation, relatedness, or coalescence of bacterial populations, depending on heterogeneous and changing niches and selective gradients in complex environments. Evolutionary trajectories of antibiotic resistance find their way in these changing landscapes subjected to random variations, becoming highly entropic and therefore unpredictable. However, experimental, phylogenetic, and ecogenetic analyses reveal preferential frequented paths (highways) where antibiotic resistance flows and propagates, allowing some understanding of evolutionary dynamics, modeling and designing interventions. Studies on antibiotic resistance have an applied aspect in improving individual health, One Health, and Global Health, as well as an academic value for understanding evolution. Most importantly, they have a heuristic significance as a model to reduce the negative influence of anthropogenic effects on the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F. Baquero
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Network Center for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - J. L. Martínez
- National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - V. F. Lanza
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Network Center for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Central Bioinformatics Unit, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Rodríguez-Beltrán
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Network Center for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - J. C. Galán
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Network Center for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - A. San Millán
- National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - R. Cantón
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Network Center for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - T. M. Coque
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Network Center for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Innao V, Allegra AG, Musolino C, Allegra A. New Frontiers about the Role of Human Microbiota in Immunotherapy: The Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and CAR T-Cell Therapy Era. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238902. [PMID: 33255336 PMCID: PMC7727716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota is considered an independent organ with the capability to modulate tumor growth and response to therapies. In the chemo-free era, the use of new immunotherapies, more selective and effective and less toxic, led to the extension of overall survival of patients, subject to their ability to not stop treatment. This has focused scientists’ attention to optimize responses by understanding and changing microbiota composition. While we have obtained abundant data from studies in oncologic and hematologic patients receiving conventional chemotherapy, we have less data about alterations in intestinal flora in those undergoing immunotherapy, especially based on Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cells. Actually, we know that the efficacy of Programmed Cell Death 1 (PD-1), PD-1 ligand, and Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) is improved by probiotics rich in Bifidobacterium spp., while compounds of Bacteroidales and Burkholderiales protect from the development of the anti-CTLA-4-induced colitis in mouse models. CAR T-cell therapy seems to not be interfering with microbiota; however, the numerous previous therapies may have caused permanent damage, thus obscuring the data we might have obtained. Therefore, this review opens a new chapter to transfer known acquisitions to a typology of patients destined to grow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Innao
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: (V.I.); (A.A.)
| | - Andrea Gaetano Allegra
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Experimental, and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, 50100 Florence, Italy;
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: (V.I.); (A.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fastrès A, Taminiau B, Vangrinsven E, Tutunaru AC, Moyse E, Farnir F, Daube G, Clercx C. Effect of an antimicrobial drug on lung microbiota in healthy dogs. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02802. [PMID: 31844730 PMCID: PMC6895694 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of the lung microbiota (LM) are associated with clinical features in chronic lung diseases (CLDs) with growing evidence that an altered LM contributes to the pathogenesis of such disorders. The common use of antimicrobial drugs in the management of CLDs likely represents a confounding factor in the study of the LM. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of oral administration of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AC) on the LM in healthy dogs (n = 6) at short (immediately after stopping AC [D10]) and medium-term (16 days after stopping AC [D26]). Metagenetic analyses were performed on the V1–V3 hypervariable region of 16S rDNA after extraction of total bacterial DNA from samples of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). AC did not induce significant changes in BALF cellular counts or in the bacterial load or microbial richness, evenness and α-diversity, while the β-diversity was clearly modified at D10 compared with D0 (before AC administration) and D26 (P < 0.01). The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria increased at D10 (P < 0.01) in comparison with D0 and D26 (P < 0.01). The relative abundance of Firmicutes decreased from D0 to D10 (P < 0.01) and increased from D10 to D26 (P < 0.01), but was still lower than at D0 (P < 0.01). The proportion of Actinobacteria increased at D26 compared with D0 and D10 (P < 0.01). Significant differences between timepoints at the level of family, genus or species were not found. In conclusion, in healthy dogs, oral administration of AC induces significant changes in LM at the phyla level and in the β-diversity. Most changes normalize within 2 weeks after discontinuation of AC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Fastrès
- Department of Clinical Sciences, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Taminiau
- Department of Food Sciences - Microbiology, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Emilie Vangrinsven
- Department of Clinical Sciences, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alexandru-Cosmin Tutunaru
- Department of Clinical Sciences, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Moyse
- Department of Veterinary Management of Animal Resources, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Frederic Farnir
- Department of Veterinary Management of Animal Resources, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Georges Daube
- Department of Food Sciences - Microbiology, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Cécile Clercx
- Department of Clinical Sciences, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Commensal Microbes Affect Host Humoral Immunity to Bordetella pertussis Infection. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00421-19. [PMID: 31308086 PMCID: PMC6759300 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00421-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As important players in the host defense system, commensal microbes and the microbiota influence multiple aspects of host physiology. Bordetella pertussis infection is highly contagious among humans. However, the roles of the microbiota in B. pertussis pathogenesis are poorly understood. Here, we show that antibiotic-mediated depletion of the microbiota results in increased susceptibility to B. pertussis infection during the early stage. The increased susceptibility was associated with a marked impairment of the systemic IgG, IgG2a, and IgG1 antibody responses to B. pertussis infection after antibiotic treatment. Furthermore, the microbiota impacted the short-lived plasma cell responses as well as the recall responses of memory B cells to B. pertussis infection. Finally, we found that the dysbiosis caused by antibiotic treatment affects CD4+ T cell generation and PD-1 expression on CD4+ T cells and thereby perturbs plasma cell differentiation. Our results have revealed the importance of commensal microbes in modulating host immune responses to B. pertussis infection and support the possibility of controlling the severity of B. pertussis infection in humans by manipulating the microbiota.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ravi A, Halstead FD, Bamford A, Casey A, Thomson NM, van Schaik W, Snelson C, Goulden R, Foster-Nyarko E, Savva GM, Whitehouse T, Pallen MJ, Oppenheim BA. Loss of microbial diversity and pathogen domination of the gut microbiota in critically ill patients. Microb Genom 2019; 5. [PMID: 31526447 PMCID: PMC6807385 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Among long-stay critically ill patients in the adult intensive care unit (ICU), there are often marked changes in the complexity of the gut microbiota. However, it remains unclear whether such patients might benefit from enhanced surveillance or from interventions targeting the gut microbiota or the pathogens therein. We therefore undertook a prospective observational study of 24 ICU patients, in which serial faecal samples were subjected to shotgun metagenomic sequencing, phylogenetic profiling and microbial genome analyses. Two-thirds of the patients experienced a marked drop in gut microbial diversity (to an inverse Simpson’s index of <4) at some stage during their stay in the ICU, often accompanied by the absence or loss of potentially beneficial bacteria. Intravenous administration of the broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent meropenem was significantly associated with loss of gut microbial diversity, but the administration of other antibiotics, including piperacillin/tazobactam, failed to trigger statistically detectable changes in microbial diversity. In three-quarters of ICU patients, we documented episodes of gut domination by pathogenic strains, with evidence of cryptic nosocomial transmission of Enterococcus faecium. In some patients, we also saw an increase in the relative abundance of apparent commensal organisms in the gut microbiome, including the archaeal species Methanobrevibacter smithii. In conclusion, we have documented a dramatic absence of microbial diversity and pathogen domination of the gut microbiota in a high proportion of critically ill patients using shotgun metagenomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Ravi
- Quadram Institute Bioscience and University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Fenella D Halstead
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK.,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK
| | - Amy Bamford
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK.,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK
| | - Anna Casey
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK.,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK
| | - Nicholas M Thomson
- Quadram Institute Bioscience and University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Willem van Schaik
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Catherine Snelson
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK
| | | | | | - George M Savva
- Quadram Institute Bioscience and University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Tony Whitehouse
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TU, UK.,Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK
| | - Mark J Pallen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TU, UK.,Quadram Institute Bioscience and University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Rd, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK
| | - Beryl A Oppenheim
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK.,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Reinold M, Wong HL, MacLeod FI, Meltzer J, Thompson A, Burns BP. The Vulnerability of Microbial Ecosystems in A Changing Climate: Potential Impact in Shark Bay. Life (Basel) 2019; 9:life9030071. [PMID: 31480795 PMCID: PMC6789446 DOI: 10.3390/life9030071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential impact of climate change on eukaryotes, including humans, has been relatively well described. In contrast, the contribution and susceptibility of microorganisms to a changing climate have, until recently, received relatively less attention. In this review, the importance of microorganisms in the climate change discourse is highlighted. Microorganisms are responsible for approximately half of all primary production on earth, support all forms of macroscopic life whether directly or indirectly, and often persist in “extreme” environments where most other life are excluded. In short, microorganisms are the life support system of the biosphere and therefore must be included in decision making regarding climate change. Any effects climate change will have on microorganisms will inevitably impact higher eukaryotes and the activity of microbial communities in turn can contribute to or alleviate the severity of the changing climate. It is of vital importance that unique, fragile, microbial ecosystems are a focus of research efforts so that their resilience to extreme weather events and climate change are thoroughly understood and that conservation efforts can be implemented as a response. One such ecosystem under threat are the evolutionarily significant microbial mats and stromatolites, such as those present in Shark Bay, Western Australia. Climate change models have suggested the duration and severity of extreme weather events in this region will increase, along with rising temperatures, sea levels, and ocean acidification. These changes could upset the delicate balance that fosters the development of microbial mats and stromatolites in Shark Bay. Thus, the challenges facing Shark Bay microbial communities will be presented here as a specific case study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Reinold
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for Astrobiology; The University of New South Wales Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Hon Lun Wong
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for Astrobiology; The University of New South Wales Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Fraser I MacLeod
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for Astrobiology; The University of New South Wales Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Julia Meltzer
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for Astrobiology; The University of New South Wales Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - April Thompson
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for Astrobiology; The University of New South Wales Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Brendan P Burns
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
- Australian Centre for Astrobiology; The University of New South Wales Sydney 2052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Halophilic microbial community compositional shift after a rare rainfall in the Atacama Desert. ISME JOURNAL 2019; 13:2737-2749. [PMID: 31273300 PMCID: PMC6794293 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0468-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms underlying microbial resistance and resilience to perturbations is essential to predict the impact of climate change on Earth’s ecosystems. However, the resilience and adaptation mechanisms of microbial communities to natural perturbations remain relatively unexplored, particularly in extreme environments. The response of an extremophile community inhabiting halite (salt rocks) in the Atacama Desert to a catastrophic rainfall provided the opportunity to characterize and de-convolute the temporal response of a highly specialized community to a major disturbance. With shotgun metagenomic sequencing, we investigated the halite microbiome taxonomic composition and functional potential over a 4-year longitudinal study, uncovering the dynamics of the initial response and of the recovery of the community after a rainfall event. The observed changes can be recapitulated by two general modes of community shifts—a rapid Type 1 shift and a more gradual Type 2 adjustment. In the initial response, the community entered an unstable intermediate state after stochastic niche re-colonization, resulting in broad predicted protein adaptations to increased water availability. In contrast, during recovery, the community returned to its former functional potential by a gradual shift in abundances of the newly acquired taxa. The general characterization and proposed quantitation of these two modes of community response could potentially be applied to other ecosystems, providing a theoretical framework for prediction of taxonomic and functional flux following environmental changes.
Collapse
|
8
|
Pandiyan P, Bhaskaran N, Zou M, Schneider E, Jayaraman S, Huehn J. Microbiome Dependent Regulation of T regs and Th17 Cells in Mucosa. Front Immunol 2019; 10:426. [PMID: 30906299 PMCID: PMC6419713 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammals co-exist with resident microbial ecosystem that is composed of an incredible number and diversity of bacteria, viruses and fungi. Owing to direct contact between resident microbes and mucosal surfaces, both parties are in continuous and complex interactions resulting in important functional consequences. These interactions govern immune homeostasis, host response to infection, vaccination and cancer, as well as predisposition to metabolic, inflammatory and neurological disorders. Here, we discuss recent studies on direct and indirect effects of resident microbiota on regulatory T cells (Tregs) and Th17 cells at the cellular and molecular level. We review mechanisms by which commensal microbes influence mucosa in the context of bioactive molecules derived from resident bacteria, immune senescence, chronic inflammation and cancer. Lastly, we discuss potential therapeutic applications of microbiota alterations and microbial derivatives, for improving resilience of mucosal immunity and combating immunopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pushpa Pandiyan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Natarajan Bhaskaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Mangge Zou
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hamburg, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Schneider
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Sangeetha Jayaraman
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hamburg, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tran J, Wilson K, Plebanski M, Flanagan KL. Manipulating the microbiota to improve human health throughout life. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2019; 111:379-381. [PMID: 29244178 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trx068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Tran
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kirsty Wilson
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katie L Flanagan
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Liverpool Street, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Descours G, Desmurs L, Hoang TLT, Ibranosyan M, Baume M, Ranc AG, Fuhrmann C, Dauwalder O, Salka W, Vandenesch F. Evaluation of the Accelerate Pheno™ system for rapid identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Gram-negative bacteria in bloodstream infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 37:1573-1583. [PMID: 29808350 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-018-3287-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) are critical steps in the management of bloodstream infections. Our objective was to evaluate the performance of the Accelerate Pheno™ System, CE v1.2 software, for identification and AST of Gram-negative pathogens from positive blood culture bottles. A total of 104 bottles positive for Gram-negative bacteria collected from inpatients throughout our institution were randomly selected after Gram staining. The time-to-identification and AST results, and the raw AST results obtained by the Accelerate Pheno™ system and routine techniques (MALDI-TOF MS and VITEK®2, EUCAST guidelines) were compared. Any discrepant AST result was tested by microdilution. The Pheno™ significantly improved turn-around times for identification (5.3 versus 23.7 h; p < 0.0001) and AST (10.7 versus 35.1 h; p < 0.0001). Complete agreement between the Accelerate Pheno™ system and the MALDI-TOF MS for identification was observed for 96.2% of samples; it was 99% (98/99) for monomicrobial samples versus 40% (3/5) for polymicrobial ones. The overall categorical agreement for AST was 93.7%; it was notably decreased for beta-lactams (cefepime 84.4%, piperacillin-tazobactam 86.5%, ceftazidime 87.6%) or Pseudomonas aeruginosa (71.9%; with cefepime 33.3%, piperacillin-tazobactam 77.8%, ceftazidime 0%). Analysis of discrepant results found impaired performance of the Accelerate Pheno™ system for beta-lactams (except cefepime) in Enterobacteriales (six very major errors) and poor performance in P. aeruginosa. The Accelerate Pheno™ system significantly improved the turn-around times for bloodstream infection diagnosis. Nonetheless, improvements in the analysis of polymicrobial samples and in AST algorithms, notably beta-lactam testing in both P. aeruginosa and Enterobacteriales, are required for implementation in routine workflow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghislaine Descours
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Microbiology Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Agents, Lyon, France. .,Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France. .,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
| | - Laurent Desmurs
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Microbiology Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Agents, Lyon, France
| | - Thi Lam Thuy Hoang
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Microbiology Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Agents, Lyon, France
| | - Marine Ibranosyan
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Microbiology Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Agents, Lyon, France
| | - Maud Baume
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Microbiology Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Agents, Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Gaëlle Ranc
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Microbiology Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Agents, Lyon, France
| | - Christine Fuhrmann
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Microbiology Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Agents, Lyon, France.,Department of Hygiene, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Dauwalder
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Microbiology Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Agents, Lyon, France.,Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Waël Salka
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Microbiology Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Agents, Lyon, France
| | - François Vandenesch
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Microbiology Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Agents, Lyon, France.,Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wu Q, Wang X, Ding Y, Hu Y, Nie Y, Wei W, Ma S, Yan L, Zhu L, Wei F. Seasonal variation in nutrient utilization shapes gut microbiome structure and function in wild giant pandas. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.0955. [PMID: 28904137 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild giant pandas use different parts of bamboo (shoots, leaves and stems) and different bamboo species at different times of the year. Their usage of bamboo can be classified temporally into a distinct leaf stage, shoot stage and transition stage. An association between this usage pattern and variation in the giant panda gut microbiome remains unknown. Here, we found associations using a gut metagenomic approach and nutritional analyses whereby diversity of the gut microbial community in the leaf and shoot stages was significantly different. Functional metagenomic analysis showed that in the leaf stage, bacteria species over-represented genes involved in raw fibre utilization and cell cycle control. Thus, raw fibre utilization by the gut microbiome was guaranteed during the nutrient-deficient leaf stage by reinforcing gut microbiome robustness. During the protein-abundant shoot stage, the functional capacity of the gut microbiome expanded to include prokaryotic secretion and signal transduction activity, suggesting active interactions between the gut microbiome and host. These results illustrate that seasonal nutrient variation in wild giant pandas substantially influences gut microbiome composition and function. Nutritional interactions between gut microbiomes and hosts appear to be complex and further work is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Nanchang, Nanchang 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Nie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuwen Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zelaya H, Alvarez S, Kitazawa H, Villena J. Respiratory Antiviral Immunity and Immunobiotics: Beneficial Effects on Inflammation-Coagulation Interaction during Influenza Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2016; 7:633. [PMID: 28066442 PMCID: PMC5179578 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus (IFV) is a major respiratory pathogen of global importance, and the cause of a high degree of morbidity and mortality, especially in high-risk populations such as infants, elderly, and immunocompromised hosts. Given its high capacity to change antigenically, acquired immunity is often not effective to limit IFV infection and therefore vaccination must be constantly redesigned to achieve effective protection. Improvement of respiratory and systemic innate immune mechanisms has been proposed to reduce the incidence and severity of IFV disease. In the last decade, several research works have demonstrated that microbes with the capacity to modulate the mucosal immune system (immunobiotics) are a potential alternative to beneficially modulate the outcome of IFV infection. This review provides an update of the current status on the modulation of respiratory immunity by orally and nasally administered immunobiotics, and their beneficial impact on IFV clearance and inflammatory-mediated lung tissue damage. In particular, we describe the research of our group that investigated the influence of immunobiotics on inflammation–coagulation interactions during IFV infection. Studies have clearly demonstrated that hostile inflammation is accompanied by dysfunctional coagulation in respiratory IFV disease, and our investigations have proved that some immunobiotic strains are able to reduce viral disease severity through their capacity to modulate the immune-coagulative responses in the respiratory tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hortensia Zelaya
- Immunobiotics Research Group, Tucuman, Argentina; Institute of Applied Biochemistry, National University of Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Susana Alvarez
- Immunobiotics Research Group, Tucuman, Argentina; Institute of Applied Biochemistry, National University of Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina; Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Julio Villena
- Immunobiotics Research Group, Tucuman, Argentina; Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina; Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| |
Collapse
|