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van der Ham M, Gerrits J, Prinsen B, van Hasselt P, Fuchs S, Jans J, Willems A, de Sain-van der Velden M. UPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS application for analysis of plasma sterols. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1296:342347. [PMID: 38401937 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Correct identification and quantification of different sterol biomarkers can be used as a first-line diagnostic approach for inherited metabolic disorders (IMD). The main drawbacks of current methodologies are related to lack of selectivity and sensitivity for some of these compounds. To address this, we developed and validated two sensitive and selective assays for quantification of six cholesterol biosynthesis pathway intermediates (total amount (free and esterified form) of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC), 8-dehydrocholesterol (8-DHC), desmosterol, lathosterol, lanosterol and cholestanol), two phytosterols (total amount (free and esterified form) of campesterol and sitosterol) and free form of two oxysterols (7-ketocholesterol (7-KC) and 3β,5α,6β-cholestane-triol (C-triol). For quantification of four cholesterol intermediates we based our analytical approach on sterol derivatization with 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione (PTAD). Quantification of all analytes is performed using UPLC coupled to an Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) system, with detection of target ions through full scan acquisition using positive atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mode. UPLC and MS parameters were optimized to achieve high sensitivity and selectivity. Analog stable isotope labeled for each compound was used for proper quantification and correction for recovery, matrix effects and process efficiency. Precision (2.4%-12.3% inter-assay variation), lower limit of quantification (0.027 nM-50.5 nM) and linearity (5.5 μM (R2 0.999) - 72.3 μM (R2 0.997)) for phyto- and oxysterols were determined. The diagnostic potential of these two assays in a cohort of patients (n = 31, 50 samples) diagnosed with IMD affecting cholesterol and lysosomal/peroxisomal homeostasis is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria van der Ham
- Section Metabolic Diagnostics, Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Gerrits
- Section Metabolic Diagnostics, Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Berthil Prinsen
- Section Metabolic Diagnostics, Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter van Hasselt
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine Fuchs
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Judith Jans
- Section Metabolic Diagnostics, Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anke Willems
- Section Metabolic Diagnostics, Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Iwaya C, Suzuki A, Iwata J. Loss of Sc5d results in micrognathia due to a failure in osteoblast differentiation. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00395-8. [PMID: 38086515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mutations in genes related to cholesterol metabolism, or maternal diet and health status, affect craniofacial bone formation. However, the precise role of intracellular cholesterol metabolism in craniofacial bone development remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to determine how cholesterol metabolism aberrations affect craniofacial bone development. METHODS Mice with a deficiency in Sc5d, which encodes an enzyme involved in cholesterol synthesis, were analyzed with histology, micro computed tomography (microCT), and cellular and molecular biological methods. RESULTS Sc5d null mice exhibited mandible hypoplasia resulting from defects in osteoblast differentiation. The activation of the hedgehog and WNT/β-catenin signaling pathways, which induce expression of osteogenic genes Col1a1 and Spp1, was compromised in the mandible of Sc5d null mice due to a failure in the formation of the primary cilium, a cell surface structure that senses extracellular cues. Treatments with an inducer of hedgehog or WNT/β-catenin signaling or with simvastatin, a drug that restores abnormal cholesterol production, partially rescued the defects in osteoblast differentiation seen in Sc5d mutant cells. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that loss of Sc5d results in mandibular hypoplasia through defective primary cilia-mediated hedgehog and WNT/β-catenin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Iwaya
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Akiko Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Junichi Iwata
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Kiss RS, Chicoine J, Khalil Y, Sladek R, Chen H, Pisaturo A, Martin C, Dale JD, Brudenell TA, Kamath A, Kyei-Boahen J, Hafiane A, Daliah G, Alecki C, Hopes TS, Heier M, Aligianis IA, Lebrun JJ, Aspden J, Paci E, Kerksiek A, Lütjohann D, Clayton P, Wills JC, von Kriegsheim A, Nilsson T, Sheridan E, Handley MT. Comparative proximity biotinylation implicates the small GTPase RAB18 in sterol mobilization and biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105295. [PMID: 37774976 PMCID: PMC10641524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of functional RAB18 causes the autosomal recessive condition Warburg Micro syndrome. To better understand this disease, we used proximity biotinylation to generate an inventory of potential RAB18 effectors. A restricted set of 28 RAB18 interactions were dependent on the binary RAB3GAP1-RAB3GAP2 RAB18-guanine nucleotide exchange factor complex. Twelve of these 28 interactions are supported by prior reports, and we have directly validated novel interactions with SEC22A, TMCO4, and INPP5B. Consistent with a role for RAB18 in regulating membrane contact sites, interactors included groups of microtubule/membrane-remodeling proteins, membrane-tethering and docking proteins, and lipid-modifying/transporting proteins. Two of the putative interactors, EBP and OSBPL2/ORP2, have sterol substrates. EBP is a Δ8-Δ7 sterol isomerase, and ORP2 is a lipid transport protein. This prompted us to investigate a role for RAB18 in cholesterol biosynthesis. We found that the cholesterol precursor and EBP-product lathosterol accumulates in both RAB18-null HeLa cells and RAB3GAP1-null fibroblasts derived from an affected individual. Furthermore, de novo cholesterol biosynthesis is impaired in cells in which RAB18 is absent or dysregulated or in which ORP2 expression is disrupted. Our data demonstrate that guanine nucleotide exchange factor-dependent Rab interactions are highly amenable to interrogation by proximity biotinylation and may suggest that Micro syndrome is a cholesterol biosynthesis disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Kiss
- Cardiovascular Health Across the Lifespan (CHAL) Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Jarred Chicoine
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications (MEDIC) Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Youssef Khalil
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Sladek
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications (MEDIC) Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - He Chen
- Cardiovascular Health Across the Lifespan (CHAL) Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alessandro Pisaturo
- Cardiovascular Health Across the Lifespan (CHAL) Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cyril Martin
- Cardiovascular Health Across the Lifespan (CHAL) Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jessica D Dale
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Tegan A Brudenell
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Archith Kamath
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Division of Medical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey Kyei-Boahen
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, CHAL Research Program, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anouar Hafiane
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, CHAL Research Program, Montreal, Canada
| | - Girija Daliah
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, Canada
| | - Célia Alecki
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tayah S Hopes
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Heier
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience for Children, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Irene A Aligianis
- Medical and Developmental Genetics, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Jacques Lebrun
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, Canada
| | - Julie Aspden
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Emanuele Paci
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Anja Kerksiek
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Clayton
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jimi C Wills
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Firefinch Software Ltd, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tommy Nilsson
- Cancer Research Program (CRP), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eamonn Sheridan
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Mark T Handley
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
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Wang J, Shi R, Yang Q, Chen Z, Wang J, Gong Z, Chen S, Wang N. Characterization and potential function of 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (dhcr7) and lathosterol 5-desaturase (sc5d) in Cynoglossus semilaevis sexual size dimorphism. Gene X 2023; 853:147089. [PMID: 36470484 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The typical sexual size dimorphism (SSD) phenomenon of Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) seriously restricts the sustainable development of the fishing industry. Previous transcriptome analysis has found a close relationship between the steroid biosynthesis and C. semilaevis SSD. The 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (dhcr7) and lathosterol 5-desaturase (sc5d) are two genes in the steroid biosynthesis pathway, playing important roles in lipid synthesis, cellular metabolism, and growth. The present study assessed their roles in the mechanism of C. semilaevis SSD. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results showed that C. semilaevis dhcr7 was mainly expressed in female livers, and C. semilaevis sc5d was highly expressed in female livers and gonads. Dual-luciferase experiment showed that dhcr7 and sc5d promoters had strong transcriptional activity. The transcription factors E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1), and CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) significantly regulated the transcriptional activity of dhcr7 and sc5d promoters, respectively. Furthermore, small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown results showed that expression levels of several genes [SREBF chaperone (scap), membrane-bound transcription factor peptidase, site 1 (mbtps1), fatty acid synthase (fasn), sonic hedgehog (shh), bone morphogenetic protein 2b (bmp2b) and AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (akt1)] were suppressed. Protein subcellular localization results indicated that Dhcr7 and Sc5d were both specifically distributed in the cytoplasm, with co-localization been observed. The present study provides evidence that dhcr7 and sc5d might regulate C. semilaevis sexual size dimorphism by involving in energy homeostasis and cell cycle, or by affecting PI3K-Akt and Shh signaling pathways. The detailed roles of these steroid biosynthesis genes regulating C. semilaevis SSD needed more information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Wang
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhangfan Chen
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266071, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jiacheng Wang
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhihong Gong
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Marine Life, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Songlin Chen
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266071, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Na Wang
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266071, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Söbü E, Kaya Özçora GD, Görükmez Ö, Şahinoğlu B. Lathosterolosis: a rare cholesterol metabolism disorder with a wide range of clinical variability. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2023; 36:424-429. [PMID: 36607840 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2022-0586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lathosterolosis is a rare autosomal recessive congenital disease that occurs due to homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the sterol C5-desaturase (SC5D) gene. We report a male patient with biallelic missense variant detected in the SC5D gene. CASE PRESENTATION An eight-month-old male patient was referred to the department of paediatric neurology for status epilepticus. He had no remarkable dysmorphic features except micrognathia, ptotic ear and thin-stranded hair. Laboratory tests revealed an alanine aminotransferase level of 502 IU/L and an aspartate aminotransferase level of 279 IU/L; other biochemical test results were normal. The brain MRI revealed atrophic changes in both hemispheres. A decrease in the volume of brain stem and thin corpus callosum were noticeable. Whole exome sequencing was performed because of consanguineous marriage and sibling death in his medical history, and the encountered features were consistent with suspected neurometabolic disease in the cranial imaging and the presence of borderline psychomotor retardation. A biallelic missense variant, c.656T>C p.(Leu219Ser), was identified in the SC5D gene. CONCLUSIONS Lathosterolosis is a rare cholesterol metabolism disorder and can be presented with a wide range of clinical features by newly reported cases. Lathosterolosis should be considered in cases with cataracts, delayed neuromotor developmental milestones and high levels of liver enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Söbü
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar City Hospital Kartal, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Gül Demet Kaya Özçora
- Faculty of Medical Sciences Pediatric Neurology Department, Gaziantep Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Türkiye
| | - Özlem Görükmez
- Department of Medical Genetics, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Türkiye
| | - Bahtiyar Şahinoğlu
- Medical Genetics Department, Dr. Ersin Arslan Education and Research Hospital, Gaziantep, Türkiye
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Wang Y, Yutuc E, Griffiths WJ. Standardizing and increasing the utility of lipidomics: a look to the next decade. Expert Rev Proteomics 2020; 17:699-717. [PMID: 33191815 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1847086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: We present our views on the current application of mass spectrometry (MS) based lipidomics and how lipidomics can develop in the next decade to be most practical use to society. That is not to say that lipidomics has not already been of value. In-fact, in its earlier guise as metabolite profiling most of the pathways of steroid biosynthesis were uncovered and via focused lipidomics many inborn errors of metabolism are routinely clinically identified. However, can lipidomics be extended to improve biochemical understanding of, and to diagnose, the most prevalent diseases of the 21st century? Areas covered: We will highlight the concept of 'level of identification' and the equally crucial topic of 'quantification'. Only by using a standardized language for these terms can lipidomics be translated to fields beyond academia. We will remind the lipid scientist of the value of chemical derivatization, a concept exploited since the dawn of lipid biochemistry. Expert opinion: Only by agreement of the concepts of identification and quantification and their incorporation in lipidomics reporting can lipidomics maximize its value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Wang
- Swansea University Medical School , Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Eylan Yutuc
- Swansea University Medical School , Swansea, Wales, UK
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Yaplito‐Lee J, Pai G, Hardikar W, Hong KM, Pitt J, Marum J, Amor DJ. Successful treatment of lathosterolosis: A rare defect in cholesterol biosynthesis-A case report and review of literature. JIMD Rep 2020; 56:14-19. [PMID: 33204591 PMCID: PMC7653246 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lathosterolosis is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of cholesterol biosynthesis. It is caused by defects in the SC5D (sterol C5-desaturase) gene which encodes for the 3-beta-hydroxysteroid-delta-5-desaturase (also called sterol-C5-desaturase or lathosterol dehydrogenase). Only six cases have been described in the literature, but it is possible that a number of patients with milder forms of the condition might have been missed. Lathosterolosis manifests as microcephaly, bilateral cataracts, dysmorphism, limb anomalies, and developmental delay/intellectual disability. Liver involvement is variable and can range from normal liver function tests to portal fibrosis and cirrhosis. Diagnosis is made by demonstration of specific mutations in the SC5D gene and by plasma sterol analysis to confirm elevated lathosterol levels. In this report, we describe a girl with transaminitis in association with developmental delay/intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism, limb anomalies, and bilateral cataracts. Fibroscan showed severe liver fibrosis. Plasma sterol analysis and exome sequencing confirmed the diagnosis of lathosterolosis. Simvastatin treatment resulted in lowering of plasma lathosterol levels, improvement in transaminitis, and liver fibrosis grade, suggesting that children with this condition should be actively treated in order to prevent progression of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Yaplito‐Lee
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Metabolic MedicineRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Gautham Pai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical NutritionRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Winita Hardikar
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical NutritionRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Kai M. Hong
- Victorian Clinical Genetics ServicesMurdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - James Pitt
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics ServicesMurdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Justine Marum
- Victorian Clinical Genetics ServicesMurdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - David J. Amor
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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Lathosterolosis: An Extremely Rare Inherited Condition Associated With Progressive Liver Disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2019; 69:e142-e145. [PMID: 31259789 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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9
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Cataractogenic load – A concept to study the contribution of ionizing radiation to accelerated aging in the eye lens. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 779:68-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Koczok K, Gurumurthy CB, Balogh I, Korade Z, Mirnics K. Subcellular localization of sterol biosynthesis enzymes. J Mol Histol 2018; 50:63-73. [PMID: 30535733 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-018-9807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol synthesis is a complex, coordinated process involving a series of enzymes. As of today, our understanding of subcellular localization of cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes is far from complete. Considering the complexity and intricacies of this pathway and the importance of functions of DHCR7, DHCR24 and EBP enzymes for human health, we undertook a study to determine their subcellular localization and co-localization. Using expression constructs and antibody staining in cell cultures and transgenic mice, we found that all three enzymes are expressed in ER and nuclear envelope. However, their co-localization was considerably different across the cellular compartments. Furthermore, we observed that in the absence of DHCR7 protein, DHCR24 shows a compensatory upregulation in a Dhcr7-/- transgenic mouse model. The overall findings suggest that the sterol biosynthesis enzymes might not always work in a same functional complex, but that they potentially have different, multifunctional roles that go beyond the sterol biosynthesis pathway. Furthermore, the newly uncovered compensatory mechanism between DHCR7 and DHCR24 could be of importance for designing medications that would improve cholesterol production in patients with desmosterolosis and Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Koczok
- Department of Psychiatry and Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - István Balogh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Károly Mirnics
- Department of Psychiatry and Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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