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Al-Mendalawi MD. Spontaneous Conventional Osteosarcoma Transformation of a Chondroblastoma: A Case Report and Literature Review. Indian J Orthop 2018; 52:682. [PMID: 30532312 PMCID: PMC6241051 DOI: 10.4103/ortho.ijortho_107_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Dhahir Al-Mendalawi
- Department of Paediatrics, Al-Kindy College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq,Address for correspondence: Prof. Mahmood Dhahir Al-Mendalawi, Department of Paediatrics, Al-Kindy College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, P. O. Box. 55302, Baghdad Post Office, Baghdad, Iraq. E-mail:
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Vedham V, Divi RL, Starks VL, Verma M. Multiple infections and cancer: implications in epidemiology. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2013; 13:177-94. [PMID: 23919392 DOI: 10.7785/tcrt.2012.500366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 18% of the global cancer burden has been attributed to infectious agents, with estimates ranging from 7% in developed countries to about 22% in developing countries. Chronic infections caused by the hepatitis B and C viruses, human papilloma viruses (HPV), and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are reported to be responsible for approximately 15% of all human cancers. Interestingly, although many of the infectious agents that have been associated with cancer--such as HPV, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and H. pylori--are highly prevalent in the world, most infected individuals do not develop cancer but remain lifelong carriers. Malignancies associated with infectious agents may result from prolonged latency as a result of chronic infections. Pathogenic infections are necessary but are not sufficient for cancer initiation or progression. Cancer initiation may require additional cofactors, including secondary infections. Therefore, in patients with chronic infection with one agent, secondary co-infection with another agent may serve as an important co-factor that may cause cancer initiation and progression. Additionally, opportunistic co-infections could significantly inhibit response to cancer treatment and increase cancer mortality. Co-infections are relatively common in areas with a high prevalence of infectious agents, especially in developing countries. These co-infections can cause an imbalance in the host immune system by affecting persistence of and susceptibility to malignant infections. Several articles have been published that focus on infectious agents and cancer. In this article, we discuss the role of infectious agents in malignancies, highlight the role of multiple/co-infections in cancer etiology, and review implications for cancer epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Vedham
- Methods and Technologies Branch, Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 6130 Executive Boulevard, Suite 5100, Bethesda, MD 20892-7324, USA.
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Hussain AR, Ahmed SO, Ahmed M, Khan OS, Al AbdulMohsen S, Platanias LC, Al-Kuraya KS, Uddin S. Cross-talk between NFkB and the PI3-kinase/AKT pathway can be targeted in primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cell lines for efficient apoptosis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39945. [PMID: 22768179 PMCID: PMC3386924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A number of constitutively activated signaling pathways play critical roles in the survival and growth of primary effusion lymphoma cells (PELs) including NFkB and PI3/AKT kinase cascades. NFkBis constitutively activated in a number of malignancies, including multiple myeloma, Burkitt’s lymphoma and diffuse large cell B-cell lymphoma. However, its role in primary effusion lymphoma has not been fully explored. Methodology/Principal Findings We used pharmacological inhibition and gene silencing to define the role of NFkB in growth and survival of PEL cells. Inhibition of NFkB activity by Bay11-7085 resulted in decreased expression of p65 in the nuclear compartment as detected by EMSA assays. In addition, Bay11-7085 treatment caused de-phosphorylation of AKT and its downstream targets suggesting a cross-talk between NFkB and the PI3-kinase/AKT pathway. Importantly, treatment of PEL cells with Bay11-7085 led to inhibition of cell viability and induced apoptosis in a dose dependent manner. Similar apoptotic effects were found when p65 was knocked down using specific small interference RNA. Finally, co-treatment of PEL cells with suboptimal doses of Bay11-7085 and LY294002 led to synergistic apoptotic responses in PEL cells. Conclusion/Significance These data support a strong biological-link between NFkB and the PI3-kinase/AKT pathway in the modulation of anti-apoptotic effects in PEL cells. Synergistic targeting of these pathways using NFKB- and PI3-kinase/AKT- inhibitors may have a therapeutic potential for the treatment of PEL and possibly other malignancies with constitutive activation of these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar R. Hussain
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeeda O. Ahmed
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maqbool Ahmed
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar S. Khan
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sally Al AbdulMohsen
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leonidas C. Platanias
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Khawla S. Al-Kuraya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
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Tang Q, Qin D, Lv Z, Zhu X, Ma X, Yan Q, Zeng Y, Guo Y, Feng N, Lu C. Herpes simplex virus type 2 triggers reactivation of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus from latency and collaborates with HIV-1 Tat. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31652. [PMID: 22347501 PMCID: PMC3276581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection was necessary but not sufficient for Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) development without other cofactors. Previously, we identified that both human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1) Tat and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) were important cofactors reactivating KSHV from latency. Here, we further investigated the potential of herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) to influence KSHV replication and examined the role of Tat in this procedure. We demonstrated that HSV-2 was a potentially important factor in the pathogenesis of KS, as determined by production of lytic phase mRNA transcripts, viral proteins and infectious viral particles in BCBL-1 cells. These results were further confirmed by an RNA interference experiment using small interfering RNA targeting KSHV Rta and a luciferase reporter assay testing Rta promoter-driven luciferase activity. Mechanistic studies showed that HSV-2 infection activated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Inhibition of NF-κB pathway enhanced HSV-2-mediated KSHV activation, whereas activation of NF-κB pathway suppressed KSHV replication in HSV-2-infected BCBL-1 cells. Additionally, ectopic expression of Tat enhanced HSV-2-induced KSHV replication. These novel findings suggest a role of HSV-2 in the pathogenesis of KS and provide the first laboratory evidence that Tat may participate HSV-2-mediated KSHV activation, implying the complicated pathogenesis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related KS (AIDS-KS) patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Nanjing First Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Qin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Lv
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinting Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Bose, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ninghan Feng
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Leao JC, Ribeiro CMB, Carvalho AAT, Frezzini C, Porter S. Oral complications of HIV disease. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2009; 64:459-70. [PMID: 19488613 PMCID: PMC2694251 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322009000500014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral lesions are among the early signs of HIV infection and can predict its progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A better understanding of the oral manifestations of AIDS in both adults and children has implications for all health care professionals. The knowledge of such alterations would allow for early recognition of HIV-infected patients. The present paper reviews epidemiology, relevant aspects of HIV infection related to the mouth in both adults and children, as well as current trends in antiretroviral therapy and its connection with orofacial manifestations related to AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jair C Leao
- Departamento de Clinica e Odontologia Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Lisco A, Vanpouille C, Margolis L. Coinfecting viruses as determinants of HIV disease. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2009; 6:5-12. [PMID: 19149991 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-009-0002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The human body constitutes a balanced ecosystem of its own cells together with various microbes ("host-microbe ecosystem"). The transmission of HIV-1 and the progression of HIV disease in such an ecosystem are accompanied by de novo infection by other microbes or by activation of microbes that were present in the host in homeostatic equilibrium before HIV-1 infection. In recent years, data have accumulated on the interactions of these coinfecting microbes-viruses in particular-with HIV. Coinfecting viruses generate negative and positive signals that suppress or upregulate HIV-1. We suggest that the signals generated by these viruses may largely affect HIV transmission, pathogenesis, and evolution. The study of the mechanisms of HIV interaction with coinfecting viruses may indicate strategies to suppress positive signals, enhance negative signals, and lead to the development of new and original anti-HIV therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Vanpouille
- Program in Physical Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 9D58, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrea Lisco
- Program in Physical Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 9D58, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Program in Physical Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 9D58, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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