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Shi L, Yuan Z, Liu J, Cai R, Hasnat M, Yu H, Feng J, Wang Z, Zhao Q, Wu M, Huang X, Shen F, Yin L, Yu Y, Liang T. Modified Simiaowan prevents articular cartilage injury in experimental gouty arthritis by negative regulation of STAT3 pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 270:113825. [PMID: 33460754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Modified Simiaowan (MSW) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula that is composed of six herbs. It has been widely used in the treatment of gouty arthritis. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was designed to investigate the effect of MSW on gouty arthritis and explore the possible mechanisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS The rat gouty arthritis model was established by intra-articular injection of Monosodium Urate (MSU) crystal, and then treated with MSW for 5 days. The perimeter of the knee joints was measured in a time-dependent manner and serum samples were collected for the detection of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 protein levels by ELISA. The protein expressions of MMP-3, TIMP-3, STAT3, and p-STAT3 in cartilage tissues and C28/I2 cells were detected by Western blot, and the levels of proteoglycan in primary chondrocytes and cartilage tissues were determined by toluidine blue staining. In addition, AG490 and IL-6 were used in vitro to explore the function of IL-6/STAT3 pathway in the protective effect of MSU. RESULTS MSW reduced the joint swelling rate in gouty arthritis model and inhibited MSU induced up-regulation of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 protein levels in serum and synovial fluid. IL-1β induced an increase in p-STAT3 and MMP-3 protein expression in C28/I2 cells, as well as a decrease in TIMP-3. MSW serum inhibited the protein expression changes induced by IL-1β in vitro. Furthermore, inhibition of STAT3 signaling negated the effect of MSW serum on p-STAT3, MMP-3, and TIMP-3 protein levels in C28/I2 cells. MSW also increased the content of proteoglycan significantly both in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION Our data indicated that MSW protected rats from MSU-induced experimental gouty arthritis and IL-1β/IL-6/STAT3 pathway played an essential role in the protective effect of MSU against GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Ziqiao Yuan
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Rui Cai
- Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Muhammad Hasnat
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Hui Yu
- Nanjing Xinbai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Jing Feng
- Nanjing Xinbai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Zhanglian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Min Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xinxin Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Fei Shen
- Nanjing Xinbai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Lian Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yun Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Tao Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Exosome-mediated miR-9-5p promotes proliferation and migration of renal cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo by targeting SOCS4. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:1216-1224. [PMID: 32819588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes secreted by cancer cells play important roles in tumor progression by interacting with cell receptors. Renal cancer derived exosomes contain miRNAs which are associated with cell proliferation and invasion. Micro RNA 9-5 (miR-9-5) is highly expressed in the serum of renal cancer patients with advanced (tumor size - node - metastasis) TNM stage and Fuhrman grade. miR-9-5p is extensively expressed in exosomes derived from renal cancer cells. Overexpression of miR-9-5p promotes proliferation and invasion of A-704 (a cancer cell line of human kidney) cells via targeting and deregulating SOCS4 mRNA. Inhibition of the Janus kinase (JAK)/signaling transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway by SOCS4 will be reduced, which leads to phosphorylation of STAT3 and JAK. Activated cytokine signaling promotes cell proliferation and invasion, and inhibits apoptosis. Moreover, overexpression of SOCS4 reduces miR-9-5p levels and plays an opposite role in cell. To conclude, exosomal miR-9-5p plays important roles in renal cancer both in vivo and in vitro, indicating it may be used as biomarker for diagnosis and for monitoring the efficacy if therapy.
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Molavi O, Wang P, Zak Z, Gelebart P, Belch A, Lai R. Gene methylation and silencing of SOCS3 in mantle cell lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2013; 161:348-56. [PMID: 23432547 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The significance of loss of SOCS3, a negative regulator of signalling pathways including those of STAT3 and NF-κB, was examined in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). The protein expression and gene methylation status of SOCS3 were detected using immunohistochemistry/Western blots and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, respectively. To evaluate its functional importance, SOCS3 was restored in two SOCS3-negative MCL cell lines using a lentiviral vector. Loss of SOCS3 protein expression was found in 3/4 MCL cell lines and 18/33 (54.5%) tumours. SOCS3 was found consistently methylated in cell lines (3/4) and tumours (7/7) negative for SOCS3, and was unmethylated in all SOCS3-positive cell line (1/1) and tumours (5/5) examined. Treatment of all three SOCS3-negative cell lines with 2'-deoxy-5-azacytidine restored SOCS3 expression. SOCS3 is biologically important in MCL, as lentiviral transfer of SOCS3 in SOCS3-negative cell lines increased their apoptotic activity, downregulated nuclear factor (NF)-κB-p65, cyclin D1 (CCND1), BCL2 and BCL-XL (BCL2L1), and substantially dampened interleukin 10-induced STAT3 activation. In 19 patients aged ≤ 69 years at time of diagnosis, we found that those that carried SOCS3-negative tumours showed a trend toward a worse outcome (P = 0.1, log-rank).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ommoleila Molavi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Guo HF, Liu SX, Zhang YJ, Liu QJ, Hao J, Gao LX. High mobility group box 1 induces synoviocyte proliferation in rheumatoid arthritis by activating the signal transducer and activator transcription signal pathway. Clin Exp Med 2010; 11:65-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-010-0116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Loss of SOCS3 expression is associated with an increased risk of recurrent disease in breast carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2010; 136:1617-26. [PMID: 20155426 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-010-0819-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Constitutive activation of JAK/STAT pathway is observed in various solid tumors and hematological malignancies. SOCS3 acts as a key negative regulator of JAK/STAT pathway and represents one of the candidate tumor suppressor genes. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate SOCS3 expression in breast carcinoma and to explore the prognostic significance of SOCS3. METHODS The expression of SOCS3 was measured by Western blot and immunohistochemistry in breast carcinoma cells and a large cohort of tissue microarray, respectively. RESULTS Among 367 human primary breast tumors, SOCS3 protein was detected in 103 patients. Deficient SOCS3 expression correlated significantly with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.003), blood vessel invasion (P = 0.029), VEGF (P = 0.001) and Ki-67 (P = 0.027). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that SOCS3 expression was an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival (P < 0.0001). A positive SOCS3 protein expression correlated significantly with a low pSTAT3 protein expression in breast carcinoma (P = 0.015). The patients with a SOCS3 (+)/pSTAT3 (-) phenotype had a better prognosis than any other combination (DFI: P < 0.0001, BCSS: P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS Deficient expression of SOCS3 is associated with an aggressive phenotype and portends a poor clinical outcome in breast carcinoma.
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Abstract
Recent advances in understanding the mechanism(s) of how IL-6 trans-signaling regulates immune cell function and promotes inflammation in autoimmune arthritis are critically reviewed. Serum and/or synovial fluid (SF) IL-6 is markedly elevated in adult and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and osteoarthritis (OA). IL-6, in concert with IL-17, determines the fate of CD4+ lymphocytes and therefore TH17 cell differentiation. IL-6 also plays a critical role in modulating B-lymphocyte activity. The recognition that IL-6 trans-signaling regulates inflammation resulted in the development of tocilizumab, a fully humanized monoclonal antibody that neutralizes the biological activity of the IL-6-receptor (IL-6R). Significant clinical benefit was demonstrated as well as reduced serum IL-6 levels with suppression of X-ray progression of disease in several clinical trials in which juvenile or adult RA patients were treated with tocilizumab monotherapy or tocilizumab plus methotrexate. However, levels of serum and/or SF IL-6 cytokine protein superfamily members, adiponectin, oncostatin M, pre-B-cell colony enhancing factor/visfatin and leukemia inhibitory factor are also elevated in RA. Additional studies will be required to determine if anti-IL-6 trans-signaling inhibition strategies with tocilizumab or recombinant soluble IL-6R reduce the level of these cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Malemud
- Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Yu ZB, Bai L, Qian P, Xiao YB, Wang GS, Qian GS, Bai CX, Min JX. Restoration of SOCS3 suppresses human lung adenocarcinoma cell growth by downregulating activation of Erk1/2, Akt apart from STAT3. Cell Biol Int 2009; 33:995-1001. [PMID: 19524687 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Revised: 04/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
SOCS3 is regarded as a major negative regulator of STAT3. Recent evidence indicates that SOCS3 regulates strength and duration of other signaling pathways including ras/ERK1/2/MAPK, PI3-K/Akt in non-malignant cells. The repression or silence of SOCS3 expression in a few tumor types has led to speculation that loss of SOCS3 gene is closely related to deregulation of multiple signal pathways during tumorigenesis. However, apart from STAT3, little is known in malignant cells about the mechanism by which SOCS3 modulates other intracellular signal cascades such as Erk1/2 and Akt, whose aberrant activation has been implicated in many human tumors. Expression of SOCS3 proved deficient in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, and forced expression of SOCS3 resulted in growth inhibition. Growth suppression due to SOCS3 was associated with attenuated activation of Erk1/2, Akt as well as STAT3. The results suggested that SOCS3, as negative regulators of cytokine signaling, might maintain homeostasis by regulating multiple signaling pathways and reverse cell malignant behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Bin Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
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