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Priya, Jaswal S, Gupta GD, Verma SK. A Comprehension on Synthetic Strategies of Aurora kinase A and B Inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.134935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Abstract
Introduction: Aurora kinases are a family of serine/threonine kinases, and promote mitotic spindle assembly by regulating centrosome duplication and separation. Aurora kinases are overexpressed in a variety of tumor cell lines, thus, the use of Aurora kinase small-molecule inhibitors has become a potential treatment option for cancer.Areas covered: As a continuing review of Aurora kinase inhibitors and their patents published in 2009, 2011 and 2014. Herein, we updated the information for Aurora kinase inhibitors in clinical trials and the patents filed from 2014 to 2020. PubMed, Scopus, SciFinder, and www.clinicaltrials.gov databases were used for searching the clinical information and patents of Aurora kinase inhibitors.Expert opinion: Even though Aurora A or B selective as well as pan inhibitors show preclinical and clinical efficacy, so far, no Aurora kinase inhibitor has been approved for clinical use. Preliminary evidence suggested that highly selective Aurora kinase or multi-target inhibitors as a single agent as well as in combination therapy are still the current main development trend of Aurora kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Li Jing
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shi-Wu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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3
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Lai CH, Chen RY, Hsieh HP, Tsai SJ, Chang KC, Yen CJ, Huang YC, Liu YW, Lee JC, Lai YC, Hung LY, Lin BW. A selective Aurora-A 5'-UTR siRNA inhibits tumor growth and metastasis. Cancer Lett 2019; 472:97-107. [PMID: 31875524 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many Aurora-A inhibitors have been developed for cancer therapy; however, the specificity and safety of Aurora-A inhibitors remain uncertain. The Aurora-A mRNA yields nine different 5'-UTR isoforms, which result from mRNA alternative splicing. Interestingly, we found that the exon 2-containing Aurora-A mRNA isoforms are predominantly expressed in cancer cell lines as well as human colorectal cancer tissues, making the Aurora-A mRNA exon 2 a promising treatment target in Aurora-A-overexpressing cancers. In this study, a selective siRNA, siRNA-2, which targets Aurora-A mRNA exon 2, was designed to translationally inhibit the expression of Aurora-A in cancer cells but not normal cells; locked nucleic acid (LNA)-modified siRNA-2 showed improved efficacy in inhibiting Aurora-A mRNA translation and tumor growth. Xenograft animal models combined with noninvasion in vivo imaging system (IVIS) analysis further confirmed the anticancer effect of LNA-siRNA-2 with improved efficiency and safety and reduced side effects. Mice orthotopically injected with colorectal cancer cells, LNA-siRNA-2 treatment not only inhibited the tumor growth but also blocked liver and lung metastasis. The results of our study suggest that LNA-siRNA-2 has the potential to be a novel therapeutic agent for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsien Lai
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Ruo-Yu Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Pang Hsieh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Shaw-Jenq Tsai
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Chao Chang
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Yen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Wen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Kuo General Hospital, Tainan, 70054, Taiwan
| | - Jenq-Chang Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chien Lai
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yi Hung
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Bo-Wen Lin
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
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Hjaltelin JX, Izarzugaza JMG, Jensen LJ, Russo F, Westergaard D, Brunak S. Identification of hyper-rewired genomic stress non-oncogene addiction genes across 15 cancer types. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2019; 5:27. [PMID: 31396397 PMCID: PMC6685999 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-019-0104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-oncogene addiction (NOA) genes are essential for supporting the stress-burdened phenotype of tumours and thus vital for their survival. Although NOA genes are acknowledged to be potential drug targets, there has been no large-scale attempt to identify and characterise them as a group across cancer types. Here we provide the first method for the identification of conditional NOA genes and their rewired neighbours using a systems approach. Using copy number data and expression profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) we performed comparative analyses between high and low genomic stress tumours for 15 cancer types. We identified 101 condition-specific differential coexpression modules, mapped to a high-confidence human interactome, comprising 133 candidate NOA rewiring hub genes. We observe that most modules lose coexpression in the high-stress state and that activated stress modules and hubs take part in homoeostasis maintenance processes such as chromosome segregation, oxireductase activity, mitotic checkpoint (PLK1 signalling), DNA replication initiation and synaptic signalling. We furthermore show that candidate NOA rewiring hubs are unique for each cancer type, but that their respective rewired neighbour genes largely are shared across cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Xin Hjaltelin
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jose M. G. Izarzugaza
- Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lars Juhl Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Francesco Russo
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Westergaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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5
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Borisa AC, Bhatt HG. A comprehensive review on Aurora kinase: Small molecule inhibitors and clinical trial studies. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 140:1-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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6
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Pérez-Salvia M, Simó-Riudalbas L, Llinàs-Arias P, Roa L, Setien F, Soler M, de Moura MC, Bradner JE, Gonzalez-Suarez E, Moutinho C, Esteller M. Bromodomain inhibition shows antitumoral activity in mice and human luminal breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:51621-51629. [PMID: 28881673 PMCID: PMC5584274 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BET bromodomain inhibitors, which have an antitumoral effect against various solid cancer tumor types, have not been studied in detail in luminal breast cancer, despite the prevalence of this subtype of mammary malignancy. Here we demonstrate that the BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 exerts growth-inhibitory activity in human luminal breast cancer cell lines associated with a depletion of the C-MYC oncogene, but does not alter the expression levels of the BRD4 bromodomain protein. Interestingly, expression microarray analyses indicate that, upon JQ1 administration, the antitumoral phenotype also involves downregulation of relevant breast cancer oncogenes such as the Breast Carcinoma-Amplified Sequence 1 (BCAS1) and the PDZ Domain-Containing 1 (PDZK1). We have also applied these in vitro findings in an in vivo model by studying a transgenic mouse model representing the luminal B subtype of breast cancer, the MMTV-PyMT, in which the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter is used to drive the expression of the polyoma virus middle T-antigen to the mammary gland. We have observed that the use of the BET bromodomain inhibitor for the treatment of established breast neoplasms developed in the MMTV-PyMT model shows antitumor potential. Most importantly, if JQ1 is given before the expected time of tumor detection in the MMTV-PyMT mice, it retards the onset of the disease and increases the survival of these animals. Thus, our findings indicate that the use of bromodomain inhibitors is of great potential in the treatment of luminal breast cancer and merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Pérez-Salvia
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laia Simó-Riudalbas
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pere Llinàs-Arias
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laura Roa
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Fernando Setien
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Soler
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Manuel Castro de Moura
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - James E Bradner
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eva Gonzalez-Suarez
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Catia Moutinho
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Willemsen-Seegers N, Uitdehaag JC, Prinsen MB, de Vetter JR, de Man J, Sawa M, Kawase Y, Buijsman RC, Zaman GJ. Compound Selectivity and Target Residence Time of Kinase Inhibitors Studied with Surface Plasmon Resonance. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:574-586. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Uitdehaag JCM, de Roos JADM, Prinsen MBW, Willemsen-Seegers N, de Vetter JRF, Dylus J, van Doornmalen AM, Kooijman J, Sawa M, van Gerwen SJC, de Man J, Buijsman RC, Zaman GJR. Cell Panel Profiling Reveals Conserved Therapeutic Clusters and Differentiates the Mechanism of Action of Different PI3K/mTOR, Aurora Kinase and EZH2 Inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:3097-3109. [PMID: 27587489 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell line panels are important tools to characterize the in vitro activity of new investigational drugs. Here, we present the inhibition profiles of 122 anticancer agents in proliferation assays with 44 or 66 genetically characterized cancer cell lines from diverse tumor tissues (Oncolines). The library includes 29 cytotoxics, 68 kinase inhibitors, and 11 epigenetic modulators. For 38 compounds this is the first comparative profiling in a cell line panel. By strictly maintaining optimized assay protocols, biological variation was kept to a minimum. Replicate profiles of 16 agents over three years show a high average Pearson correlation of 0.8 using IC50 values and 0.9 using GI50 values. Good correlations were observed with other panels. Curve fitting appears a large source of variation. Hierarchical clustering revealed 44 basic clusters, of which 26 contain compounds with common mechanisms of action, of which 9 were not reported before, including TTK, BET and two clusters of EZH2 inhibitors. To investigate unexpected clusterings, sets of BTK, Aurora and PI3K inhibitors were profiled in biochemical enzyme activity assays and surface plasmon resonance binding assays. The BTK inhibitor ibrutinib clusters with EGFR inhibitors, because it cross-reacts with EGFR. Aurora kinase inhibitors separate into two clusters, related to Aurora A or pan-Aurora selectivity. Similarly, 12 inhibitors in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway separated into different clusters, reflecting biochemical selectivity (pan-PI3K, PI3Kβγδ-isoform selective or mTOR-selective). Of these, only allosteric mTOR inhibitors preferentially targeted PTEN-mutated cell lines. This shows that cell line profiling is an excellent tool for the unbiased classification of antiproliferative compounds. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(12); 3097-109. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost C M Uitdehaag
- Netherlands Translational Research Center B.V., Kloosterstraat, the Netherlands
| | | | - Martine B W Prinsen
- Netherlands Translational Research Center B.V., Kloosterstraat, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jelle Dylus
- Netherlands Translational Research Center B.V., Kloosterstraat, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jeffrey Kooijman
- Netherlands Translational Research Center B.V., Kloosterstraat, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jos de Man
- Netherlands Translational Research Center B.V., Kloosterstraat, the Netherlands
| | - Rogier C Buijsman
- Netherlands Translational Research Center B.V., Kloosterstraat, the Netherlands
| | - Guido J R Zaman
- Netherlands Translational Research Center B.V., Kloosterstraat, the Netherlands.
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The Aurora kinase inhibitors in cancer research and therapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 142:1995-2012. [PMID: 26932147 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Compounds that affect enzymatic function of kinases are valuable for the understanding of the complex biochemical processes in cells. Aurora kinases (AURKs) play a key role in the control of the mitosis. These kinases are frequently deregulated in different human cancers: overexpression, amplifications, translocations and deletions were reported in many cancer cell lines as well as patient tissues. These findings steered a rigorous hunt for small-molecule AURK inhibitors not only for research purposes as well as for therapeutic uses. In this review, we describe a number of AURK inhibitors and their use in cancer research and/or therapy. We hope to assist researchers and clinicians in deciding which inhibitor is most appropriate for their specific purpose. The review will also provide a broad overview of the clinical studies performed with some of these inhibitors (if such studies have been performed).
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Borisa A, Bhatt H. 3D-QSAR (CoMFA, CoMFA-RG, CoMSIA) and molecular docking study of thienopyrimidine and thienopyridine derivatives to explore structural requirements for aurora-B kinase inhibition. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 79:1-12. [PMID: 26343315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Aurora-B kinase plays a crucial role in cell cycle events and is identified as an important factor in regulation of spindle check point assembly. Thus, it can be proved as an important target in the field of oncology. 3D-QSAR model was generated using 54 molecules reported in literature containing thienopyrimidine and thienopyridine as scaffolds. All molecules were aligned using Distill function in Sybyl X1.2. This generated best model of CoMFA-RG (Region focusing) and CoMSIA were statistically significant with correlation coefficient r(2)ncv of 0.97, for both & Leave one out coefficient (LOO) q(2) of 0.70 and 0.72, respectively. Best CoMSIA model was built up using various combination of descriptors and proved statistical significant among all models. Best CoMFA-RG and CoMSIA models were validated by 12 test set molecules giving satisfactory prediction (r(2)pred) values of 0.86 and 0.88, respectively. External test set validation was performed using 20 molecules and satisfactory prediction of their biological activity was found. Active compounds were docked on protein (PDB ID: 4C2V) by GOLD module and revealed important interactions with amino acids at ATP-binding region. These data explored insight requirements for Aurora-B inhibition which might be fruitful for understanding mechanisms with kinase ligand interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Borisa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382 481 India
| | - Hardik Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382 481 India.
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Inhibition of Aurora kinase B is important for biologic activity of the dual inhibitors of BCR-ABL and Aurora kinases R763/AS703569 and PHA-739358 in BCR-ABL transformed cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112318. [PMID: 25426931 PMCID: PMC4245092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) like Imatinib, Dasatinib and Nilotinib are the gold standard in conventional treatment of CML. However, the emergence of resistance remains a major problem. Alternative therapeutic strategies of ABL TKI-resistant CML are urgently needed. We asked whether dual inhibition of BCR-ABL and Aurora kinases A-C could overcome resistance mediated by ABL kinase mutations. We therefore tested the dual ABL and Aurora kinase inhibitors PHA-739358 and R763/AS703569 in Ba/F3- cells ectopically expressing wild type (wt) or TKI-resistant BCR-ABL mutants. We show that both compounds exhibited strong anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity in ABL TKI resistant cell lines including cells expressing the strongly resistant T315I mutation. Cell cycle analysis indicated polyploidisation, a consequence of continued cell cycle progression in the absence of cell division by Aurora kinase inhibition. Experiments using drug resistant variants of Aurora B indicated that PHA-739358 acts on both, BCR-ABL and Aurora Kinase B, whereas Aurora kinase B inhibition might be sufficient for the anti-proliferative activity observed with R763/AS703569. Taken together, our data demonstrate that dual ABL and Aurora kinase inhibition might be used to overcome ABL TKI resistant CML.
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Sessa F, Villa F. Structure of Aurora B-INCENP in complex with barasertib reveals a potential transinhibitory mechanism. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2014; 70:294-8. [PMID: 24598913 PMCID: PMC3944688 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x14002118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Aurora family is a well conserved and well characterized group of serine-threonine kinases involved in the normal progression of mitosis. The deregulation of Aurora kinases impairs spindle assembly, checkpoint function and cell division. To date, many small molecules that compete with ATP for binding to Aurora kinases have been developed and characterized. Here, the first structure of the Xenopus laevis Aurora B-INCENP complex bound to the clinically relevant small molecule barasertib was determined. The binding properties of this inhibitor to the Aurora B active site are analyzed and reported. An unexpected crystal-packing contact in the Aurora B-INCENP structure coordinated by an ATP analogue is also reported, in which the INCENP C-terminus occupies the substrate-binding region, resembling the protein kinase A inhibitory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Sessa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Villa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
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AMG 900, pan-Aurora kinase inhibitor, preferentially inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cell lines with dysfunctional p53. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 141:397-408. [PMID: 24091768 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2702-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Aurora kinases play important roles in cell division and are frequently overexpressed in human cancer. AMG 900 is a novel pan-Aurora kinase inhibitor currently being tested in Phase I clinical trials. We aimed to evaluate the in vitro activity of AMG 900 in a panel of 44 human breast cancer and immortalized cell lines and identify predictors of response. AMG 900 inhibited proliferation at low nanomolar concentrations in all cell lines tested. Response was further classified based on the induction of lethality. 25 cell lines were classified as highly sensitive (lethality at 10 nM of AMG 900 >10 %), 19 cell lines as less sensitive to AMG 900 (lethality at 10 nM of AMG 900 <10 %). Traditional molecular subtypes of breast cancer did not predict for this differential response. There was a weak association between AURKA amplification and response to AMG 900 (response ratio = 2.53, p = 0.09). mRNA expression levels of AURKA, AURKB, and AURKC and baseline protein levels of Aurora kinases A and B did not significantly associate with response. Cell lines with TP53 loss of function mutations (RR = 1.86, p = 0.004) and low baseline p21 protein levels (RR = 2.28, p = 0.0004) were far more likely to be classified as highly sensitive to AMG 900. AMG 900 induced p53 and p21 protein expression in cell lines with wt TP53. AMG 900 caused the accumulation of cells with >4 N DNA content in a majority of cell lines independently of sensitivity and p53 status. AMG 900 induced more pronounced apoptosis in highly sensitive p53-dysfunctional cell lines. We have found that AMG 900 is highly active in breast cancer cell lines and that TP53 loss of function mutations as well as low baseline expression of p21 protein predict strongly for increased sensitivity to this compound in vitro.
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Zhao Y, Huang H, Wei G. Novel agents and biomarkers for acute lymphoid leukemia. J Hematol Oncol 2013; 6:40. [PMID: 23773228 PMCID: PMC3718656 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-6-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
New genetic markers for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have been found to have prognostic impact, such as the lymphoid transcription factor gene IKZF1 alterations, which are associated with a high rate of leukemic relapse in B-ALL. Although complete remission rates by induction chemotherapy in ALL are now high, the long-term survival is still disappointing. Improvements in the survival outcome of ALL have been observed in young adults as a result of the use of pediatric inspired regimens and the broadening of the number of patients who are eligible for allogeneic SCT. Development of new and less toxic agents also provide promise to improve the outcome in adult ALL, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors in Ph-positive ALL, rituximab in CD20-positive disease, blinatumomab in precursor B-ALL and nelarabine in T-lineage ALL. Challenges for the future are to implement genomic profiling into the clinical setting to guide risk stratification and providing novel targets for tailored therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Zhao
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qing Chun Rd, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qing Chun Rd, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Guoqing Wei
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qing Chun Rd, Hangzhou 310003, China
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Laurent J, Frongia C, Cazales M, Mondesert O, Ducommun B, Lobjois V. Multicellular tumor spheroid models to explore cell cycle checkpoints in 3D. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:73. [PMID: 23394599 PMCID: PMC3598667 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MultiCellular Tumor Spheroid (MCTS) mimics the organization of a tumor and is considered as an invaluable model to study cancer cell biology and to evaluate new antiproliferative drugs. Here we report how the characteristics of MCTS in association with new technological developments can be used to explore the regionalization and the activation of cell cycle checkpoints in 3D. METHODS Cell cycle and proliferation parameters were investigated in Capan-2 spheroids by immunofluorescence staining, EdU incorporation and using cells engineered to express Fucci-red and -green reporters. RESULTS We describe in details the changes in proliferation and cell cycle parameters during spheroid growth and regionalization. We report the kinetics and regionalized aspects of cell cycle arrest in response to checkpoint activation induced by EGF starvation, lovastatin treatment and etoposide-induced DNA damage. CONCLUSION Our data present the power and the limitation of spheroids made of genetically modified cells to explore cell cycle checkpoints. This study paves the way for the investigation of molecular aspects and dynamic studies of the response to novel antiproliferative agents in 3D models.
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Kassardjian A, Rizkallah R, Riman S, Renfro SH, Alexander KE, Hurt MM. The transcription factor YY1 is a novel substrate for Aurora B kinase at G2/M transition of the cell cycle. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50645. [PMID: 23226345 PMCID: PMC3511337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a ubiquitously expressed and highly conserved multifunctional transcription factor that is involved in a variety of cellular processes. Many YY1-regulated genes have crucial roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation. Numerous mechanisms have been shown to regulate the function of YY1, such as DNA binding affinity, subcellular localization, and posttranslational modification including phosphorylation. Polo-like kinase 1(Plk1) and Casein kinase 2α (CK2 α) were the first two kinases identified to phosphorylate YY1. In this study, we identify a third kinase. We report that YY1 is a novel substrate of the Aurora B kinase both in vitro and in vivo. Serine 184 phosphorylation of YY1 by Aurora B is cell cycle regulated and peaks at G2/M and is rapidly dephosphorylated, likely by protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) as the cells enter G1. Aurora A and Aurora C can also phosphorylate YY1 in vitro, but at serine/threonine residues other than serine 184. We present evidence that phosphorylation of YY1 in the central glycine/alanine (G/A)-rich region is important for DNA binding activity, with a potential phosphorylation/acetylation interplay regulating YY1 function. Given their importance in mitosis and overexpression in human cancers, Aurora kinases have been identified as promising therapeutic targets. Increasing our understanding of Aurora substrates will add to the understanding of their signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Kassardjian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Raed Rizkallah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sarah Riman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States of America
| | - Samuel H. Renfro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Karen E. Alexander
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Myra M. Hurt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Glaser KB, Li J, Marcotte PA, Magoc TJ, Guo J, Reuter DR, Tapang P, Wei RQ, Pease LJ, Bui MH, Chen Z, Frey RR, Johnson EF, Osterling DJ, Olson AM, Bouska JJ, Luo Y, Curtin ML, Donawho CK, Michaelides MR, Tse C, Davidsen SK, Albert DH. Preclinical characterization of ABT-348, a kinase inhibitor targeting the aurora, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor/platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and Src kinase families. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 343:617-27. [PMID: 22935731 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.197087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ABT-348 [1-(4-(4-amino-7-(1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)urea] is a novel ATP-competitive multitargeted kinase inhibitor with nanomolar potency (IC(50)) for inhibiting binding and cellular autophosphorylation of Aurora B (7 and 13 nM), C (1 and 13 nM), and A (120 and 189 nM). Cellular activity against Aurora B is reflected by inhibition of phosphorylation of histone H3, induction of polyploidy, and inhibition of proliferation of a variety of leukemia, lymphoma, and solid tumor cell lines (IC(50) = 0.3-21 nM). In vivo inhibition of Aurora B was confirmed in an engrafted leukemia model by observing a decrease in phosphorylation of histone H3 that persisted in a dose-dependent manner for 8 h and correlated with plasma concentration of ABT-348. Evaluation of ABT-348 across a panel of 128 kinases revealed additional potent binding activity (K(i) < 30 nM) against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)/platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) families and the Src family of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases. VEGFR/PDGFR binding activity correlated with inhibition of autophosphorylation in cells and inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-stimulated endothelial cell proliferation (IC(50) ≤ 0.3 nM). Evidence of on-target activity in vivo was provided by the potency for blocking VEGF-mediated vascular permeability and inducing plasma placental growth factor. Activity against the Src kinase family was evident in antiproliferative activity against BCR-ABL chronic myeloid leukemia cells and cells expressing the gleevec-resistant BCR-ABL T315I mutation. On the basis of its unique spectrum of activity, ABT-348 was evaluated and found effective in representative solid tumor [HT1080 and pancreatic carcinoma (MiaPaCa), tumor stasis] and hematological malignancy (RS4;11, regression) xenografts. These results provide the rationale for clinical assessment of ABT-348 as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith B Glaser
- Abbott Oncology, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA
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18
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Fei F, Lim M, Schmidhuber S, Moll J, Groffen J, Heisterkamp N. Treatment of human pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia with the Aurora kinase inhibitor PHA-739358 (Danusertib). Mol Cancer 2012; 11:42. [PMID: 22721004 PMCID: PMC3489684 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-11-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemias (Ph-positive ALL) with clinically approved inhibitors of the Bcr/Abl tyrosine kinase frequently results in the emergence of a leukemic clone carrying the T315I mutation in Bcr/Abl, which confers resistance to these drugs. PHA-739358, an Aurora kinase inhibitor, was reported to inhibit the Bcr/Abl T315I mutant in CML cells but no preclinical studies have examined this in detail in human ALL. RESULTS We compared the sensitivity of human Bcr/Abl T315I, Bcr/Abl wild type and non-Bcr/Abl ALL cells to this drug. PHA-739358 inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis independently of Bcr/Abl, the T315I mutation, or presence of the tumor suppressor p53, but the degree of effectiveness varied between different ALL samples. Since short-term treatment with a single dose of drug only transiently inhibited proliferation, we tested combination treatments of PHA-739358 with the farnesyltransferase inhibitor Lonafarnib, with vincristine and with dasatinib. All combinations reduced viability and cell numbers compared to treatment with a single drug. Clonogenic assays showed that 25 nM PHA-739358 significantly reduced the colony growth potential of Ph-positive ALL cells, and combined treatment with a second drug abrogated colony growth in this assay. PHA-739358 further effectively blocked Bcr/Abl tyrosine kinase activity and Aurora kinase B in vivo, and mice transplanted with human Bcr/Abl T315I ALL cells treated with a 3x 7-day cycle of PHA-739358 as mono-treatment had significantly longer survival. CONCLUSIONS PHA-739358 represents an alternative drug for the treatment of both Ph-positive and negative ALL, although combined treatment with a second drug may be needed to eradicate the leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fei
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Division of Hematology/Oncology and The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
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Arkenau HT, Plummer R, Molife LR, Olmos D, Yap TA, Squires M, Lewis S, Lock V, Yule M, Lyons J, Calvert H, Judson I. A phase I dose escalation study of AT9283, a small molecule inhibitor of aurora kinases, in patients with advanced solid malignancies. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:1307-1313. [PMID: 22015452 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AT9283 is an inhibitor of aurora kinases A and B with antitumor activity in preclinical models. This a First in Human phase I study assessed the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and preliminary efficacy of AT9283. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with advanced tumors received AT9283 as a continuous central venous infusion over 3 days in cohorts of three to six patients starting at 1.5 mg/m(2)/day (equivalent to 4.5 mg/m(2)/72 h). The oral bioavailability of AT9283 was assessed in a cohort of seven patients. Pharmacodynamic analysis of biomarkers included phosphorylation of histone H3 on serine 10, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Ki67, M30 and M65 in skin and plasma. RESULTS Forty patients were included in all analyses. AT9283 was generally well tolerated with main toxic effects of reversible dose-related myelosuppression, gastrointestinal disturbance, fatigue and alopecia. The dose-limiting toxicity of AT9283 was grade 3 febrile neutropenia in two patients at 36 mg/m(2)/72 h and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was established at 27 mg/m(2)/72 h. Systemic exposure was dose proportional. The mean oral bioavailability of a 0.9 mg/m(2) dose was 29.4% (range 11.2%-36.7%). Pharmacodynamic analyses indicated antiproliferative and apoptotic activity of AT9283. Four patients with esophageal, non-small-cell lung cancer (n = 2) and colorectal cancer demonstrated RECIST stable disease ≥ 6 months. CONCLUSION AT9283 was well tolerated up to the MTD of 27 mg/m(2)/72 h. AT9283 is currently assessed in phase II trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-T Arkenau
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, London
| | - R Plummer
- Northern Centre for Cancer Treatment, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - L R Molife
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, London
| | - D Olmos
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, London
| | - T A Yap
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, London
| | - M Squires
- Astex Therapeutics Ltd, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Lewis
- Astex Therapeutics Ltd, Cambridge, UK
| | - V Lock
- Astex Therapeutics Ltd, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Yule
- Astex Therapeutics Ltd, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Lyons
- Astex Therapeutics Ltd, Cambridge, UK
| | - H Calvert
- Northern Centre for Cancer Treatment, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - I Judson
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, London.
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Craig S, Gao L, Lee I, Gray T, Berdis AJ. Gold-containing indoles as anticancer agents that potentiate the cytotoxic effects of ionizing radiation. J Med Chem 2012; 55:2437-51. [PMID: 22289037 DOI: 10.1021/jm2005942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the design and application of several distinct gold-containing indoles as anticancer agents. When used individually, all gold-bearing compounds display cytostatic effects against leukemia and adherent cancer cell lines. However, two gold-bearing indoles show unique behavior by increasing the cytotoxic effects of clinically relevant levels of ionizing radiation. Quantifying the amount of DNA damage demonstrates that each gold-indole enhances apoptosis by inhibiting DNA repair. Both Au(I)-indoles were tested for inhibitory effects against various cellular targets including thioredoxin reductase, a known target of several gold compounds, and various ATP-dependent kinases. While neither compound significantly inhibits the activity of thioreoxin reductase, both showed inhibitory effects against several kinases associated with cancer initiation and progression. The inhibition of these kinases provides a possible mechanism for the ability of these Au(I)-indoles to potentiate the cytotoxic effects of ionizing radiation. Clinical applications of combining Au(I)-indoles with ionizing radiation are discussed as a new strategy to achieve chemosensitization of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Craig
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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21
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Meulenbeld HJ, Mathijssen RH, Verweij J, de Wit R, de Jonge MJ. Danusertib, an aurora kinase inhibitor. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012; 21:383-93. [PMID: 22242557 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2012.652303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drugs that interfere with the normal progression of mitosis belong to the most successful cytotoxic agents currently used for anticancer treatment. Aurora kinases are serine/threonine kinases that function as key regulators of mitosis and are frequently overexpressed in human cancers. The use of several small molecule aurora kinase inhibitors as potential anticancer therapeutic is being investigated. Danusertib (formerly PHA-739358) is a small ATP competitive molecule that inhibits aurora A, B and C kinases. Interestingly, danusertib also inhibits several receptor tyrosine kinases such as Abl, Ret, FGFR-1 and TrkA. These tyrosine kinases are involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of malignancies and the observed multi-target inhibition may increase the antitumor activity resulting in extending the indication. Danusertib was one of the first aurora kinase inhibitors to enter the clinic and has been studied in Phase I and II trials. AREAS COVERED This review provides an updated summary of preclinical and clinical experience with danusertib up to July 2011. EXPERT OPINION Future studies with danusertib should focus on the possibility of combining this agent with other targeted anticancer agents, chemotherapy or radiotherapy. As a single agent, danusertib may show more promise in the treatment of leukemias than in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hielke J Meulenbeld
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Groene Hilledijk 301, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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22
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Huertas D, Soler M, Moreto J, Villanueva A, Martinez A, Vidal A, Charlton M, Moffat D, Patel S, McDermott J, Owen J, Brotherton D, Krige D, Cuthill S, Esteller M. Antitumor activity of a small-molecule inhibitor of the histone kinase Haspin. Oncogene 2011; 31:1408-18. [PMID: 21804608 PMCID: PMC3312407 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The approval of histone deacetylase inhibitors for treatment of lymphoma subtypes has positioned histone modifications as potential targets for the development of new classes of anticancer drugs. Histones also undergo phosphorylation events, and Haspin is a protein kinase the only known target of which is phosphorylation of histone H3 at Thr3 residue (H3T3ph), which is necessary for mitosis progression. Mitotic kinases can be blocked by small drugs and several clinical trials are underway with these agents. As occurs with Aurora kinase inhibitors, Haspin might be an optimal candidate for the pharmacological development of these compounds. A high-throughput screening for Haspin inhibitors identified the CHR-6494 compound as being one promising such agent. We demonstrate that CHR-6494 reduces H3T3ph levels in a dose-dependent manner and causes a mitotic catastrophe characterized by metaphase misalignment, spindle abnormalities and centrosome amplification. From the cellular standpoint, the identified small-molecule Haspin inhibitor causes arrest in G2/M and subsequently apoptosis. Importantly, ex vivo assays also demonstrate its anti-angiogenetic features; in vivo, it shows antitumor potential in xenografted nude mice without any observed toxicity. Thus, CHR-6494 is a first-in-class Haspin inhibitor with a wide spectrum of anticancer effects that merits further preclinical research as a new member of the family of mitotic kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Huertas
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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23
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Fletcher GC, Brokx RD, Denny TA, Hembrough TA, Plum SM, Fogler WE, Sidor CF, Bray MR. ENMD-2076 is an orally active kinase inhibitor with antiangiogenic and antiproliferative mechanisms of action. Mol Cancer Ther 2010; 10:126-37. [PMID: 21177375 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-10-0574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ENMD-2076 is a novel orally active, small molecule kinase inhibitor with a mechanism of action involving several pathways key to tumor growth and survival: angiogenesis, proliferation, and the cell cycle. ENMD-2076 has selective activity against the mitotic kinase Aurora A, as well as kinases involved in angiogenesis (VEGFRs, FGFRs). ENMD-2076 inhibited the growth in vitro of a wide range of human solid tumor and hematopoietic cancer cell lines with IC(50) values ranging from 0.025 to 0.7 μmol/L. ENMD-2076 was also shown to induce regression or complete inhibition of tumor growth in vivo at well-tolerated doses in tumor xenograft models derived from breast, colon, melanoma, leukemia, and multiple myeloma cell lines. Pharmacodynamic experiments in vivo showed that in addition to inhibiting Aurora A, single doses of ENMD-2076 had sustained inhibitory effects on the activation of Flt3 as well as the angiogenic tyrosine kinases, VEGFR2/KDR and FGFR1 and 2. ENMD-2076 was shown to prevent the formation of new blood vessels and regress formed vessels in vivo at doses equivalent to those that gave substantial activity in tumor xenograft models. These results indicate that ENMD-2076 is a well-tolerated, orally active multitarget kinase inhibitor with a unique antiangiogenic/antiproliferative profile and provides strong preclinical support for use as a therapeutic for human cancers. Several phase 1 studies involving ENMD-2076 have been recently completed, and the compound is currently being evaluated in a phase 2 clinical trial in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.
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25
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El-Sheikh A, Fan R, Birks D, Donson A, Foreman NK, Vibhakar R. Inhibition of Aurora Kinase A enhances chemosensitivity of medulloblastoma cell lines. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010; 55:35-41. [PMID: 20232424 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medulloblastoma comprises approximately 20% of all primary pediatric brain tumors. Despite recent advances, the survival rate for high-risk patients and the morbidity associated with these treatments remains suboptimal. To improve outcomes and decrease morbidity, more targeted therapy is required. One possible target is the Aurora Kinase family. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of Aurora Kinase A inhibition in medulloblastoma cell lines. PROCEDURE Cell proliferation was measured using an MTS assay after adding an Aurora Kinase inhibitor (C1368) at different concentrations. Cell cycle analysis was carried out by Flow Cytometry using propidium iodide (PI). RNAi experiments were performed using siRNA oligonucleotides. Luciferase experiments were carried out using the Cignal Finder 10 Pathway Reporter Arrays. RESULTS Inhibition of Aurora Kinase A induces cell death in medulloblastoma cells and lowers the IC(50) of other chemotherapeutic agents (etoposide and cisplatin) used in medulloblastoma treatment. Cell arrest at G2/M phase was significantly increased in medulloblastoma cell lines treated with C1368 Sigma at IC(30) or transfected siRNA. Inhibition of Aurora Kinase A resulted in decreased activity of pro-proliferative signaling pathways including Wnt, Myc, and RB as measured by luciferase reporter assays. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that inhibition of Aurora Kinase A inhibits cell growth in medulloblastoma through inhibition of pro-proliferative signaling pathways Wnt, Myc, and RB. Additionally, combining Aurora Kinase A inhibition with other chemotherapeutic agents significantly lowers their IC(50), which make it a promising small molecule target for medulloblastoma therapy.
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Abstract
Aurora kinases are serine and threonine kinases that function as key regulators of the mitosis process. There are three distinct human aurora kinases known as Aurora A, Aurora B, and Aurora C. Aurora A and Aurora B are overexpressed in a number of human cancers including non-small cell lung cancer, glioblastomas, and upper gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas. Given their association with tumorigenesis, both Aurora A and Aurora B have been targeted for cancer therapy. Currently, a number of selective and nonselective aurora kinase inhibitors are being tested in preclinical and clinical settings as anti-tumor agents. We review the biology of human aurora kinases, followed by an overview of inhibitors undergoing current clinical investigations.
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Gontarewicz A, Brümmendorf TH. Danusertib (formerly PHA-739358)--a novel combined pan-Aurora kinases and third generation Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Recent Results Cancer Res 2010; 184:199-214. [PMID: 20072840 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-01222-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Aurora kinases belong to a family of highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinases. They play an essential role as key mitotic regulators, controlling entry into mitosis, centrosome function, chromosome assembly, and segregation. As many other regulators of mitosis, Aurora kinases are frequently found to be aberrantly overexpressed in cancer cells. Therefore, these proteins have become an attractive target for the development of new anticancer therapies. In fact, several small-molecule inhibitors of Aurora kinases have already been developed and some of them have shown promising clinical efficacy in a number of human tumors in Phase I and II clinical trials. Among those, one of the most advanced clinical compound currently is Danusertib (formerly PHA-739358), which exhibits inhibitory activity against all known Aurora kinases as well as other cancer-relevant kinases such as the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase, including its multidrug-resistant T315I mutant. This mutation is responsible for up to 25% of all clinically observed resistances in CML patients undergoing Imatinib therapy. However, this particular mutation is predicted to play an even more important clinical role in the future, since in addition to Imatinib, it also confers resistance to second-generation Bcr-Abl inhibitors such as Nilotinib, Dasatinib, and Bosutinib. Therefore, combined Aurora and Bcr-Abl inhibition (the latter including high-grade resistance conferring mutations) with compounds such as Danusertib represents a promising new strategy for treatment of Bcr-Abl positive leukemias, especially those in second and third line of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Gontarewicz
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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28
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Abstract
Although molecularly targeted therapies have been effective in some cancer types, no targeted therapy is approved for use in endometrial cancer. The recent identification of activating mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) in endometrial tumors has generated a new avenue for the development of targeted therapeutic agents. The majority of the mutations identified are identical to germline mutations in FGFR2 and FGFR3 that cause craniosynostosis and hypochondroplasia syndromes and result in both ligand-independent and ligand-dependent receptor activation. Mutations that predominantly occur in the endometrioid subtype of endometrial cancer, are mutually exclusive with KRAS mutation, but occur in the presence of PTEN abrogation. In vitro studies have shown that endometrial cancer cell lines with activating FGFR2 mutations are selectively sensitive to a pan-FGFR inhibitor, PD173074. Several agents with activity against FGFRs are currently in clinical trials. Investigation of these agents in endometrial cancer patients with activating FGFR2 mutations is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Byron
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Scutt PJ, Chu MLH, Sloane DA, Cherry M, Bignell CR, Williams DH, Eyers PA. Discovery and exploitation of inhibitor-resistant aurora and polo kinase mutants for the analysis of mitotic networks. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:15880-93. [PMID: 19359241 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.005694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Aurora and Polo-like kinases are central components of mitotic signaling pathways, and recent evidence suggests that substantial cross-talk exists between Aurora A and Plk1. In addition to their validation as novel anticancer agents, small molecule kinase inhibitors are increasingly important tools to help dissect clinically relevant protein phosphorylation networks. However, one major problem associated with kinase inhibitors is their promiscuity toward "off-target" members of the kinome, which makes interpretation of data obtained from complex cellular systems challenging. Additionally, the emergence of inhibitor resistance in patients makes it clear that an understanding of resistance mechanisms is essential to inform drug design. In this study, we exploited structural knowledge of the binding modes of VX-680, an Aurora kinase inhibitor, and BI 2536, a Polo-like kinase inhibitor, to design and evaluate drug-resistant kinase mutants. Using inducible stable human cell lines, we authenticated mitotic targets for both compounds and demonstrated that Aurora A mutants exhibit differential cellular sensitivity toward the inhibitors VX-680 and MLN8054. In addition, we validated Aurora B as an important anti-proliferative target for VX-680 in model human cancer cells. Finally, this chemical genetic approach allowed us to prove that Aurora A activation loop phosphorylation is controlled by a Plk1-mediated pathway in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Scutt
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Cancer is a complex collection of distinct genetic diseases united by common hallmarks. Here, we expand upon the classic hallmarks to include the stress phenotypes of tumorigenesis. We describe a conceptual framework of how oncogene and non-oncogene addictions contribute to these hallmarks and how they can be exploited through stress sensitization and stress overload to selectively kill cancer cells. In particular, we present evidence for a large class of non-oncogenes that are essential for cancer cell survival and present attractive drug targets. Finally, we discuss the path ahead to therapeutic discovery and provide theoretical considerations for combining orthogonal cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Luo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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31
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Coumar MS, Cheung CHA, Chang JY, Hsieh HP. Advances in Aurora kinase inhibitor patents. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2009; 19:321-56. [DOI: 10.1517/13543770802646949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Jetton N, Rothberg KG, Hubbard JG, Wise J, Li Y, Ball HL, Ruben L. The cell cycle as a therapeutic target against Trypanosoma brucei: Hesperadin inhibits Aurora kinase-1 and blocks mitotic progression in bloodstream forms. Mol Microbiol 2009; 72:442-58. [PMID: 19320832 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06657.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aurora kinase family members co-ordinate a range of events associated with mitosis and cytokinesis. Anti-cancer therapies are currently being developed against them. Here, we evaluate whether Aurora kinase-1 (TbAUK1) from pathogenic Trypanosoma brucei might be targeted in anti-parasitic therapies as well. Conditional knockdown of TbAUK1 within infected mice demonstrated its essential contribution to infection. An in vitro kinase assay was developed which used recombinant trypanosome histone H3 as a substrate. Tandem mass spectroscopy identified a novel phosphorylation site in the carboxyl-tail of recombinant trypanosome histone H3. Hesperadin, an inhibitor of human Aurora B, prevented the phosphorylation of substrate with IC(50) of 40 nM. Growth of cultured bloodstream forms was also sensitive to Hesperadin (IC(50) of 50 nM). Hesperadin blocked nuclear division and cytokinesis but not other aspects of the cell cycle. Consequently, growth arrested cells accumulated multiple kinetoplasts, flagella and nucleoli, similar to the effects of RNAi-dependent knockdown of TbAUK1 in cultured bloodstream forms cells. Molecular models predicted high-affinity binding of Hesperadin to both conserved and novel sites in TbAUK1. Collectively, these data demonstrate that cell cycle progression is essential for infections with T. brucei and that parasite Aurora kinases can be targeted with small-molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal Jetton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA
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Abstract
AbstractThe tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatinib has become an integral part of front-line therapy for Ph+ ALL, with remission rates exceeding 90% irrespective of whether imatinib is given alone or combined with chemotherapy. Treatment outcome with imatinib-based regimens has improved compared with historic controls, but most patients who do not undergo allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) eventually relapse. Acquired resistance on TKI treatment is associated with mutations in the bcr-abl tyrosine kinase domain in the majority of patients, and may be detected at low frequency prior to TKI treatment in a subset of patients. Second generation TKIs, eg, dasatinib and nilotinib, show activity against most of the bcr-abl tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) mutations involved in acquired imatinib resistance, but clinical benefit is generally short-lived. Accordingly, SCT in first complete remission (CR) is considered to be the best curative option. Molecular monitoring of minimal residual disease levels appears to have prognostic relevance and should be used to guide treatment. International standardization and quality control efforts are ongoing to ensure comparability of results. Mutation analysis during treatment relies increasingly on highly sensitive PCR techniques or denaturing HPLC and may assist in treatment decisions, eg, in case of molecular relapse. Results from current studies of second-generation TKI as front-line treatment for Ph+ ALL are promising and show high molecular response rates, but follow-up is still too short to determine their impact on remission duration and long-term survival. Strategies to improve outcome after SCT include the pre-emptive use of imatinib, which appears to reduce the relapse rate. In patients ineligible for transplantation, novel concepts for maintenance therapy are needed. These could involve novel immunotherapeutic interventions and combinations of TKI.
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