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Sun J, Li J, Lu Z, Chen L, Ma J. Analysis of the Mechanism of RAD18 in Glioma. Neuroimmunomodulation 2022; 29:327-337. [PMID: 35367987 DOI: 10.1159/000520761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to evaluate the regulatory mechanism of RAD18 in glioma development. METHODS RAD18 expression was compared in glioma tumors and normal samples. Furthermore, we investigated the association between gene transcription and clinical factors in glioma samples, followed by functional enrichment analysis, screening for key Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, immune infiltration analysis of high and low RAD18 expression groups, and correlation analysis of quantified KEGG signaling pathways and immune cell types. RESULTS The expression of RAD18 was upregulated in gliomas. Moreover, RAD18 expression was significantly correlated with age, tumor grade, and histological subtype. Notably, patients with gliomas with high RAD18 expression levels had worse overall survival. Functional enrichment analysis showed that RAD18 was significantly related to biological processes, such as cell division, chemical synaptic transmission, and mitotic nuclear division, and KEGG pathways such as cell cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction. The infiltration of five immune cells (plasma B cells, naive B cells, resting CD4+ memory T cells, monocytes, and M1 macrophages) was significantly different between the high and low RAD18 expression groups, and this difference was significantly related to key KEGG pathways, such as neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and ECM-receptor interaction. CONCLUSION RAD18 may serve as a target for glioma treatment and as a key regulator of glioma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengrong Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfeng Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Morgan D, Berggren KL, Spiess CD, Smith HM, Tejwani A, Weir SJ, Lominska CE, Thomas SM, Gan GN. Mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase-2 (MK2) and its role in cell survival, inflammatory signaling, and migration in promoting cancer. Mol Carcinog 2021; 61:173-199. [PMID: 34559922 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer and the immune system share an intimate relationship. Chronic inflammation increases the risk of cancer occurrence and can also drive inflammatory mediators into the tumor microenvironment enhancing tumor growth and survival. The p38 MAPK pathway is activated both acutely and chronically by stress, inflammatory chemokines, chronic inflammatory conditions, and cancer. These properties have led to extensive efforts to find effective drugs targeting p38, which have been unsuccessful. The immediate downstream serine/threonine kinase and substrate of p38 MAPK, mitogen-activated-protein-kinase-activated-protein-kinase-2 (MK2) protects cells against stressors by regulating the DNA damage response, transcription, protein and messenger RNA stability, and motility. The phosphorylation of downstream substrates by MK2 increases inflammatory cytokine production, drives an immune response, and contributes to wound healing. By binding directly to p38 MAPK, MK2 is responsible for the export of p38 MAPK from the nucleus which gives MK2 properties that make it unique among the large number of p38 MAPK substrates. Many of the substrates of both p38 MAPK and MK2 are separated between the cytosol and nucleus and interfering with MK2 and altering this intracellular translocation has implications for the actions of both p38 MAPK and MK2. The inhibition of MK2 has shown promise in combination with both chemotherapy and radiotherapy as a method for controlling cancer growth and metastasis in a variety of cancers. Whereas the current data are encouraging the field requires the development of selective and well tolerated drugs to target MK2 and a better understanding of its effects for effective clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deri Morgan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Kiersten L Berggren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Section of Radiation Oncology, UNM School of Medicine, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Colby D Spiess
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Hannah M Smith
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Ajay Tejwani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Scott J Weir
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Christopher E Lominska
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Sufi M Thomas
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Gregory N Gan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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McDowell RD, Hughes CM, Murchie P, Cardwell CR. The effect of medications associated with drug-induced pancreatitis on pancreatic cancer risk: A nested case-control study of routine Scottish data. Cancer Epidemiol 2021; 71:101880. [PMID: 33422975 PMCID: PMC7988460 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2020.101880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation plays a role in pancreatic cancer. Many medications cause pancreatic inflammation, with some leading to a diagnosis of drug-induced pancreatitis (DIP), but few studies have examined these medications and pancreatic cancer risk. We therefore investigated the associations between pancreatic cancer risk and commonly-prescribed medicines for which there is strongest evidence of DIP. METHODS A nested case-control study was undertaken using the Primary Care Clinical Informatics Unit Research database containing general practice (GP) records from Scotland. Pancreatic cancer cases, diagnosed between 1999 and 2011, were identified and matched with up to five controls (based on age, gender, GP practice and date of registration). Medicines in the highest category of evidence for DIP, based on a recent systematic review, and used by more than 2 % of controls were identified. Odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for associations with pancreatic cancer were calculated using conditional logistic regression after adjusting for comorbidities. RESULTS There were 1,069 cases and 4,729 controls. Thirteen medicines in the highest category of evidence for DIP were investigated. There was little evidence of an association between any of these medications and pancreatic cancer risk apart from metronidazole (adjusted OR 1.69, 95 % CI 1.18, 2.41) and ranitidine (adjusted OR 1.37, 95 %CI 1.10, 1.70). However, no definitive exposure-response relationships between these medicines and cancer risk were observed. CONCLUSIONS There is little evidence that commonly-prescribed medicines associated with inflammation of the pancreas are also associated with pancreatic cancer. These findings should provide reassurance to patients and prescribing clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D McDowell
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University, Grosvenor Rd., Belfast, Co. Antrim, BT12 6 BA, UK.
| | - C M Hughes
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Lisburn Rd., Belfast, Co. Antrim, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - P Murchie
- Division of Applied Health Sciences Section, Academic Primary Care, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB24 2ZD, UK
| | - C R Cardwell
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University, Grosvenor Rd., Belfast, Co. Antrim, BT12 6 BA, UK
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Pawlik A, Anisiewicz A, Filip-Psurska B, Klopotowska D, Maciejewska M, Mazur A, Wietrzyk J. Divergent Effect of Tacalcitol (PRI-2191) on Th17 Cells in 4T1 Tumor Bearing Young and Old Ovariectomized Mice. Aging Dis 2020; 11:241-253. [PMID: 32257539 PMCID: PMC7069462 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D and its analogs are known for their role in the development of breast cancer and in immunomodulation. Our previous studies have shown the pro-metastatic effect of calcitriol and tacalcitol (PRI-2191) in young mice bearing 4T1 breast cancer and the anti-metastatic effect in aged ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Therefore, the aim of our work was to characterize Th17 cell population in young and aged OVX mice bearing 4T1 tumors treated with calcitriol and PRI-2191. The expression of genes typical for Th17 cells was examined in splenocytes, as well as splenocytes differentiated with IL-6 and TGF-β to Th17 cells (iTh17). Expression of genes encoding vitamin D receptor (Vdr) and osteopontin (Spp1) as well as the secretion of IL-17A were evaluated in iTh17 cells. PRI-2191 treatment increased the expression of Rora and Rorc transcription factors, Il17a, Il17re and Il21 in iTh17 cells from young mice. In aged OVX mice this effect was not observed. Increased expression was observed in the case of Vdr and Spp1 genes in iTh17 cells from young mice treated with PRI-2191. What is more, in young mice treated with PRI-2191 the secretion of IL-17A to the culture media by iTh17 cells was increased, whereas in aged OVX mice a significant decrease was noted. Increased expression of Spp1 in young mice treated with PRI-2191 may enhance the differentiation of Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Pawlik
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Artur Anisiewicz
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Beata Filip-Psurska
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dagmara Klopotowska
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Maciejewska
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mazur
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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Curigliano G. Gyneco-oncological genomics and emerging biomarkers for cancer treatment with immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 52:253-258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Hao B, Chen Z, Bi B, Yu M, Yao S, Feng Y, Yu Y, Pan L, Di D, Luo G, Zhang X. Role of TLR4 as a prognostic factor for survival in various cancers: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 9:13088-13099. [PMID: 29560134 PMCID: PMC5849198 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence showed that high expression of toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) was significantly associated with the outcome of patients with solid cancers. However, other studies failed to draw a similar conclusion. Thus, a systematic meta-analysis was performed to assess the prognostic value of TLR4 in solid tumors. RESULTS Data from 15 studies and 1294 patients were enrolled. Among the 15 studies, 14 studies demonstrated the association between overall survival(OS) and TLR4 expression, and 7 studies described the relationship between disease-free survival(DFS) and TLR4 expression. High expression of TLR4 was significantly associated with poor OS (pooled hazard ratio (HR) = 2.05; 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.49, 2,49), P < 0.001). The results of meta regression analysis indicated that the subgroups of ethnic (PD = 0.924), tumor type (PD = 0.669), HR obtained method (PD = 0.945), analysis type (PD = 0.898), and cut-off value(PD = 0.835) were not the resource of heterogeneity. Moreover, patients with elevated TLR4 had a significantly worse DFS (pooled HR = 1.79; 95% CI (1.11, 2.88), P < 0.05). MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library (last update by April 18, 2017) to identify literatures evaluating the value of TLR4 in cancer patients. Combined hazard ratios (HRs) for OS and DFS were assessed using fixed-effects models and random effects models respectively. CONCLUSIONS The meta-analysis suggests that elevated expression of TLR4 is associated with poor OS and shorter DFS of patients with solid tumors. The results indicate that TLR4, as a novel prognostic biomarker in solid tumors, could potentially help to improve treatment decision-making of solid tumors in clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, P.R. China
| | - Baochen Bi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, P.R. China
| | - Miaomei Yu
- Comprehensive Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Yao
- Comprehensive Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, P.R. China
| | - Yuehua Feng
- Comprehensive Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- Comprehensive Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, P.R. China
| | - Lili Pan
- Comprehensive Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Di
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, P.R. China
| | - Guanghua Luo
- Comprehensive Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, P.R. China
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7
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Olguín JE, Medina-Andrade I, Molina E, Vázquez A, Pacheco-Fernández T, Saavedra R, Pérez-Plasencia C, Chirino YI, Vaca-Paniagua F, Arias-Romero LE, Gutierrez-Cirlos EB, León-Cabrera SA, Rodriguez-Sosa M, Terrazas LI. Early and Partial Reduction in CD4 +Foxp3 + Regulatory T Cells during Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer Induces CD4 + and CD8 + T Cell Activation Inhibiting Tumorigenesis. J Cancer 2018; 9:239-249. [PMID: 29344269 PMCID: PMC5771330 DOI: 10.7150/jca.21336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in women and the third in men in North America and Europe. CRC is associated with inflammatory responses in which intestinal pathology is caused by different cell populations including a T cell dysregulation that concludes in an imbalance between activated T (Tact) and regulatory T (Treg) cells. Treg cells are CD4+Foxp3+ cells that actively suppress pathological and physiological immune responses, contributing to the maintenance of immune homeostasis. A tumor-promoting function for Treg cells has been suggested in CRC, but the kinetics of Treg cells during CRC development are poorly known. Therefore, using a mouse model of colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) induced by azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate, we observed the dynamic and differential kinetics of Treg cells in blood, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) as CAC progresses, highlighting a significant reduction in Treg cells in blood and spleen during early CAC development, whereas increasing percentages of Treg cells were detected in late stages in MLNs. Interestingly, when Treg cells were decreased, Tact cells were increased and vice versa. Treg cells from late stages of CAC displayed an activated phenotype by expressing PD1, CD127 and Tim-3, suggesting an increased suppressive capacity. Suppression assays showed that T-CD4+ and T-CD8+ cells were suppressed more efficiently by MLN Treg cells from CAC animals. Finally, an antibody-mediated reduction in Treg cells during early CAC development resulted in a better prognostic value, because animals showed a reduction in tumor progression associated with an increased percentage of activated CD4+CD25+Foxp3- and CD8+CD25+ T cells in MLNs, suggesting that Treg cells suppress T cell activation at early steps during CAC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonadab E Olguín
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM).,Laboratorio Nacional en Salud: Diagnóstico Molecular y Efecto Ambiental en Enfermedades Crónico-degenerativas, UNAM
| | - Itzel Medina-Andrade
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
| | - Emmanuel Molina
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
| | - Armando Vázquez
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
| | - Thalia Pacheco-Fernández
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
| | - Rafael Saavedra
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM
| | - Carlos Pérez-Plasencia
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
| | - Yolanda I Chirino
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
| | - Felipe Vaca-Paniagua
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM).,Laboratorio Nacional en Salud: Diagnóstico Molecular y Efecto Ambiental en Enfermedades Crónico-degenerativas, UNAM
| | - Luis E Arias-Romero
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
| | - Emma B Gutierrez-Cirlos
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
| | - Sonia A León-Cabrera
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
| | - Miriam Rodriguez-Sosa
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
| | - Luis I Terrazas
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM).,Laboratorio Nacional en Salud: Diagnóstico Molecular y Efecto Ambiental en Enfermedades Crónico-degenerativas, UNAM
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Oki S, Toiyama Y, Okugawa Y, Shimura T, Okigami M, Yasuda H, Fujikawa H, Okita Y, Yoshiyama S, Hiro J, Kobayashi M, Ohi M, Araki T, Inoue Y, Mohri Y, Kusunoki M. Clinical burden of preoperative albumin-globulin ratio in esophageal cancer patients. Am J Surg 2017; 214:891-898. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Leon-Cabrera SA, Molina-Guzman E, Delgado-Ramirez YG, Vázquez-Sandoval A, Ledesma-Soto Y, Pérez-Plasencia CG, Chirino YI, Delgado-Buenrostro NL, Rodríguez-Sosa M, Vaca-Paniagua F, Ávila-Moreno F, Gutierrez-Cirlos EB, Arias-Romero LE, Terrazas LI. Lack of STAT6 Attenuates Inflammation and Drives Protection against Early Steps of Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2017; 5:385-396. [PMID: 28385737 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-16-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) is one of the most common malignant neoplasms and a leading cause of death. The immunologic factors associated with CAC development are not completely understood. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) is part of an important signaling pathway for modulating intestinal immune function and homeostasis. However, the role of STAT6 in colon cancer progression is unclear. Following CAC induction in wild-type (WT) and STAT6-deficient mice (STAT6-/-), we found that 70% of STAT6-/- mice were tumor-free after 8 weeks, whereas 100% of WT mice developed tumors. STAT6-/- mice displayed fewer and smaller colorectal tumors than WT mice; this reduced tumorigenicity was associated with decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis in the colonic mucosa in the early steps of tumor progression. STAT6-/- mice also exhibited reduced inflammation, diminished concentrations COX2 and nuclear β-catenin protein in the colon, and decreased mRNA expression of IL17A and TNFα, but increased IL10 expression when compared with WT mice. Impaired mucosal expression of CCL9, CCL25, and CXCR2 was also observed. In addition, the number of circulating CD11b+Ly6ChiCCR2+ monocytes and CD11b+Ly6ClowLy6G+ granulocytes was both decreased in a STAT6-dependent manner. Finally, WT mice receiving a STAT6 inhibitor in vivo confirmed a significant reduction in tumor load as well as less intense signs of CAC. Our results demonstrate that STAT6 is critical in the early steps of CAC development for modulating inflammatory responses and controlling cell recruitment and proliferation. Thus, STAT6 may represent a promising target for CAC treatment. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(5); 385-96. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia A Leon-Cabrera
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edo. De México, Mexico.,Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edo. De México, Mexico
| | - Emmanuel Molina-Guzman
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edo. De México, Mexico
| | - Yael G Delgado-Ramirez
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edo. De México, Mexico
| | - Armando Vázquez-Sandoval
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edo. De México, Mexico
| | - Yadira Ledesma-Soto
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edo. De México, Mexico
| | - Carlos G Pérez-Plasencia
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edo. De México, Mexico
| | - Yolanda I Chirino
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edo. De México, Mexico
| | - Norma L Delgado-Buenrostro
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edo. De México, Mexico
| | - Miriam Rodríguez-Sosa
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edo. De México, Mexico
| | - Felipe Vaca-Paniagua
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edo. De México, Mexico.,Laboratorio Nacional en Salud, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Federico Ávila-Moreno
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edo. De México, Mexico
| | - Emma B Gutierrez-Cirlos
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edo. De México, Mexico
| | - Luis E Arias-Romero
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edo. De México, Mexico
| | - Luis I Terrazas
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edo. De México, Mexico. .,Laboratorio Nacional en Salud, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
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10
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Busby J, Murchie P, Murray L, Iversen L, Lee AJ, Spence A, Watson MC, Cardwell CR. The effect of medications which cause inflammation of the gastro-oesophageal tract on cancer risk: a nested case-control study of routine Scottish data. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:1828-1835. [PMID: 28120338 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bisphosphonate, tetracycline and spironolactone use has been shown to increase gastro-oesophageal inflammation, an accepted risk factor for cancer. However, evidence of the effect of these medications on gastro-oesophageal cancer risk are mixed or missing entirely. Therefore, we conducted a nested case-control study using the Primary Care Clinical Information Unit Research (PCCIUR) database from Scotland. Cases with oesophageal or gastric cancer between 1999 and 2011 were matched to up to five controls based on age, gender, year of diagnosis and general practice. Medication use was ascertained using electronic prescribing records. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for the association between medication use and cancer risk after adjustment for comorbidities and other medication use. A similar proportion of gastro-oesophageal cancer cases received bisphosphonates (3.9% vs. 3.5%), tetracycline (6.0% vs. 6.0%) and spironolactone (1.4% vs. 1.1%) compared with the controls. The adjusted ORs for the association between gastro-oesophageal cancer and bisphosphonates, tetracycline and spironolactone were 1.05 (95% CI: 0.85, 1.31), 0.99 (95% CI: 0.84, 1.17) and 1.04 (95% CI: 0.73, 1.49). Further analysis revealed bisphosphonates were associated with increased oesophageal cancer risk (1.34, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.74) but reduced gastric cancer risk (0.71, 95% CI: 0.49, 1.03), although there was no obvious dose-response relationship. Overall, there is little evidence that the use of bisphosphonate, tetracycline or spironolactone is associated with increased risk of gastro-oesophageal cancer. Our findings should reassure GPs and patients that these widely-used medications are safe with respect to gastro-oesophageal cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Busby
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Murchie
- Academic Primary Care, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Murray
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Iversen
- Academic Primary Care, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda J Lee
- Medical Statistics Team, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Spence
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret C Watson
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Chris R Cardwell
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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11
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Alshehri MM, Robbins SM, Senger DL. The Role of Neurotrophin Signaling in Gliomagenesis: A Focus on the p75 Neurotrophin Receptor (p75 NTR/CD271). VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2017; 104:367-404. [PMID: 28215302 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR, a.k.a. CD271), a transmembrane glycoprotein and a member of the tumor necrosis family (TNF) of receptors, was originally identified as a nerve growth factor receptor in the mid-1980s. While p75NTR is recognized to have important roles during neural development, its presence in both neural and nonneural tissues clearly supports the potential to mediate a broad range of functions depending on cellular context. Using an unbiased in vivo selection paradigm for genes underlying the invasive behavior of glioma, a critical characteristic that contributes to poor clinical outcome for glioma patients, we identified p75NTR as a central regulator of glioma invasion. Herein we review the expanding role that p75NTR plays in glioma progression with an emphasis on how p75NTR may contribute to the treatment refractory nature of glioma. Based on the observation that p75NTR is expressed and functional in two critical glioma disease reservoirs, namely, the highly infiltrative cells that evade surgical resection, and the radiation- and chemotherapy-resistant brain tumor-initiating cells (also referred to as brain tumor stem cells), we propose that p75NTR and its myriad of downstream signaling effectors represent rationale therapeutic targets for this devastating disease. Lastly, we provide the provocative hypothesis that, in addition to the well-documented cell autonomous signaling functions, the neurotrophins, and their respective receptors, contribute in a cell nonautonomous manner to drive the complex cellular and molecular composition of the brain tumor microenvironment, an environment that fuels tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Alshehri
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - S M Robbins
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - D L Senger
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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12
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Huang FY, Chan AOO, Rashid A, Wong DKH, Seto WK, Cho CH, Lai CL, Yuen MF. Interleukin-1β increases the risk of gastric cancer through induction of aberrant DNA methylation in a mouse model. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:2919-2924. [PMID: 27073577 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) has a significant role in chronic gastric inflammation and manifestations of gastric diseases. The present study aimed to elucidate the specific role of IL-1β in induction of DNA methylation using IL-1 receptor type 1 knockout (IL-1R1-/-) mice. In the present study, wild-type (WT) and IL-1R1-/- mice were injected with IL-1β (5 µg/kg/day). Serum levels of IL-1β, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide (NO) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent or NO assays. E-cadherin (E-cad) methylation status and messenger (m)RNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, E-cad and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were analyzed. Results from the present study indicated significantly higher IL-1β mRNA expression (P<0.001) in WT mice compared with IL-1R1-/- mice. IL-1β and IL-6 release was significantly increased in treated WT mice compared with IL-1R1-/- mice at 1 h, 4 h and 8 h (all P<0.005). IL-1β release was only detected in WT mice following a second dose measured at day 3, week 1 and week 2 when compared with IL-1R1-/- mice. Promoter methylation of E-cad and a decrease in gene expression was observed in treated WT mice. mRNA expression of iNOS in WT mice was significantly increased at week 1 compared with IL-1R1-/- mice (P=0.0411). Furthermore, a significantly increased level of NO production was observed in treated WT mice (P<0.005 at 8 h and week 1; P<0.001 at 4 h and day 3) when compared with IL-1R1-/- mice. The present results indicated that IL-1β was able to directly induce DNA methylation, which may link inflammation-induced epigenetic changes and the development of gastric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fung-Yu Huang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Annie On-On Chan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China; Gastroenterology and Hepatology Center, The Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Asif Rashid
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Danny Ka-Ho Wong
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Wai-Kay Seto
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Chi-Hin Cho
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Ching-Lung Lai
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Man-Fung Yuen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
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13
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Badakhshi H, Kaul D, Zhao KLE. Association between the inflammatory biomarker, C-reactive protein, and the response to radiochemotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2016; 4:643-647. [PMID: 27073683 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2016.753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Locally advanced esophageal cancer has been treated by a multimodality regimen encompassing combined radiochemotherapy (RCT). The tumor response to neoadjuvant RCT is a major determinant of further therapeutic strategies, whether surgery or a continuation of RCT, and therefore, also of the patient's overall prognosis. The present study included patients with histologically proven squamous cell esophageal carcinoma. The C-reactive protein (CRP) level was measured prior to and following the completion of neoadjuvant RCT. Only CRP measurements taken within 2 weeks of the start of RCT were analyzed. Further measurements were then taken at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36 and 40 weeks following RCT. CRP levels were high prior to treatment; however, eventually decreased and normalized following the therapy. In univariate analysis, pre-therapeutic CRP levels had a significant influence on the response rate (P=0.033), whilst post-therapeutic CRP levels had no significant influence (P=0.383). Pre-therapeutic CRP levels, however, not post-therapeutic CRP levels were significantly correlated with the response rate (P=0.045 and P=0.444, respectively), and no association was observed between CRP levels and survival. This preliminary data indicated that the pre-therapeutic serum CRP level is a possible indicator of treatment response to RCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harun Badakhshi
- Department of Clinical Radiation Oncology, Ernst von Bergmann Medical Center, D-14467 Potsdam, Germany
| | - David Kaul
- Department of Clinical Radiation Oncology, Ernst von Bergmann Medical Center, D-14467 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kuai-LE Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
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14
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León IE, Cadavid-Vargas JF, Tiscornia I, Porro V, Castelli S, Katkar P, Desideri A, Bollati-Fogolin M, Etcheverry SB. Oxidovanadium(IV) complexes with chrysin and silibinin: anticancer activity and mechanisms of action in a human colon adenocarcinoma model. J Biol Inorg Chem 2015; 20:1175-91. [PMID: 26404080 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-015-1298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vanadium compounds were studied during recent years to be considered as a representative of a new class of nonplatinum metal antitumor agents in combination to its low toxicity. On the other hand, flavonoids are a wide family of polyphenolic compounds synthesized by plants that display many interesting biological effects. Since coordination of ligands to metals can improve the pharmacological properties, we report herein, for the first time, a exhaustive study of the mechanisms of action of two oxidovanadium(IV) complexes with the flavonoids: silibinin Na₂[VO(silibinin)₂2]·6H₂O (VOsil) and chrysin [VO(chrysin)₂EtOH]₂(VOchrys) on human colon adenocarcinoma derived cell line HT-29. The complexes inhibited the cell viability of colon adenocarcinoma cells in a dose dependent manner with a greater potency than that the free ligands and free metal, demonstrating the benefit of complexation. The decrease of the ratio of the amount of reduced glutathione to the amount of oxidized glutathione were involved in the deleterious effects of both complexes. Besides, VOchrys caused cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase while VOsil activated caspase 3 and triggering the cells directly to apoptosis. Moreover, VOsil diminished the NF-kB activation via increasing the sensitivity of cells to apoptosis. On the other hand, VOsil inhibited the topoisomerase IB activity concluding that this is important target involved in the anticancer vanadium effects. As a whole, the results presented herein demonstrate that VOsil has a stronger deleterious action than VOchrys on HT-29 cells, whereby suggesting that Vosil is the potentially best candidate for future use in alternative anti-tumor treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- I E León
- Cátedra de Bioquímica Patológica, Facultad Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina.,Centro de Química Inorgánica (CEQUINOR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - J F Cadavid-Vargas
- Cátedra de Bioquímica Patológica, Facultad Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina.,Centro de Química Inorgánica (CEQUINOR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - I Tiscornia
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - V Porro
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - S Castelli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - P Katkar
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - A Desideri
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - M Bollati-Fogolin
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - S B Etcheverry
- Cátedra de Bioquímica Patológica, Facultad Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina. .,Centro de Química Inorgánica (CEQUINOR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina.
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15
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Phloridzin derivatives inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in human cystic fibrosis IB3-1 cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015. [PMID: 26209880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the most diffuse autosomal recessive genetic disease affecting Caucasians. A persistent recruitment of neutrophils in the bronchi of CF patients contributes to exacerbate the airway tissue damage, suggesting that modulation of chemokine expression may be an important target for the patient's well being thus the identification of innovative anti-inflammatory drugs is considered a longterm goal to prevent progressive tissue deterioration. Phloridzin, isolated from Malus domestica by a selective molecular imprinting extraction, and its structural analogues, Phloridzin heptapropionate (F1) and Phloridzin tetrapropionate (F2), were initially investigated because of their ability to reduce IL-6 and IL-8 expression in human CF bronchial epithelial cells (IB3-1) stimulated with TNF-α. Release of these cytokines by CF cells was shown to be controlled by the Transcription Factor (TF) NF-kB. The results of the present investigation show that of all the derivatives tested, Phloridzin tetrapropionate (F2) is the most interesting and has greatest potential as it demonstrates inhibitory effects on the expression and production of different cytokines involved in CF inflammation processes, including RANTES, VEGF, GM-CSF, IL-12, G-CSF, MIP-1b, IL-17, IL-10 and IP-10, without any correlated anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects.
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16
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Zhi Y, Lu H, Duan Y, Sun W, Guan G, Dong Q, Yang C. Involvement of the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway in the regulation of CXC chemokine receptor-4 expression in neuroblastoma cells induced by tumor necrosis factor-α. Int J Mol Med 2014; 35:349-57. [PMID: 25503960 PMCID: PMC4292717 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.2032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a hallmark of malignant neuroblastoma and is the main reason for therapeutic failure and recurrence of the tumor. The CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4), a Gi protein-coupled receptor for the ligand CXCL12/stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α), is expressed in various types of tumor. This receptor mediates the homing of tumor cells to specific organs that express the ligand, CXCL12, for this receptor and plays an important role in tumor growth, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. In the present study, the inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α) upregulated CXCR4 expression in neuroblastoma cells and increased migration to the CXCR4 ligand SDF‑1α. In addition, this effect was dependent upon NF-κB transcriptional activity, as blocking the NF-κB pathway with pyrrolidinedithiocarbamic acid ammonium salt suppressed TNF-α‑induced upregulation of CXCR4 expression and reduced the migration towards the CXCR4 ligand, SDF-1α. Treating neuroblastoma cells with TNF-α resulted in the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and subsequently, the translocation of NF-κB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Using immunohistochemistry, NF‑κB and CXCR4 were significantly correlated with each other (P=0.0052, Fisher's exact test) in a cohort of neuroblastoma samples (n=80). The present study indicates that the inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α, partially functions through the NF‑κB signaling pathway to upregulate CXCR4 expression to foster neuroblastoma cell metastasis. These findings indicate that effective inhibition of neuroblastoma metastasis should be directed against the inflammatory cytokine-induced NF‑κB/CXCR4/SDF‑1α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlai Zhi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Hongting Lu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yuhe Duan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Weisheng Sun
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Henan 450053, P.R. China
| | - Ge Guan
- Department of Organ Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China
| | - Qian Dong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Chuanmin Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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17
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Fernández-Periáñez R, Molina-Privado I, Rojo F, Guijarro-Muñoz I, Alonso-Camino V, Zazo S, Compte M, Álvarez-Cienfuegos A, Cuesta ÁM, Sánchez-Martín D, Álvarez-Méndez AM, Sanz L, Álvarez-Vallina L. Basement membrane-rich organoids with functional human blood vessels are permissive niches for human breast cancer metastasis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72957. [PMID: 23951338 PMCID: PMC3738545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer is the leading cause of death by malignancy in women worldwide. Tumor metastasis is a multistep process encompassing local invasion of cancer cells at primary tumor site, intravasation into the blood vessel, survival in systemic circulation, and extravasation across the endothelium to metastasize at a secondary site. However, only a small percentage of circulating cancer cells initiate metastatic colonies. This fact, together with the inaccessibility and structural complexity of target tissues has hampered the study of the later steps in cancer metastasis. In addition, most data are derived from in vivo models where critical steps such as intravasation/extravasation of human cancer cells are mediated by murine endothelial cells. Here, we developed a new mouse model to study the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying late steps of the metastatic cascade. We have shown that a network of functional human blood vessels can be formed by co-implantation of human endothelial cells and mesenchymal cells, embedded within a reconstituted basement membrane-like matrix and inoculated subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice. The ability of circulating cancer cells to colonize these human vascularized organoids was next assessed in an orthotopic model of human breast cancer by bioluminescent imaging, molecular techniques and immunohistological analysis. We demonstrate that disseminated human breast cancer cells efficiently colonize organoids containing a functional microvessel network composed of human endothelial cells, connected to the mouse circulatory system. Human breast cancer cells could be clearly detected at different stages of the metastatic process: initial arrest in the human microvasculature, extravasation, and growth into avascular micrometastases. This new mouse model may help us to map the extravasation process with unprecedented detail, opening the way for the identification of relevant targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Molina-Privado
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Rojo
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Guijarro-Muñoz
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Alonso-Camino
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Zazo
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Compte
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Álvarez-Cienfuegos
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel M. Cuesta
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sánchez-Martín
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Laura Sanz
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Álvarez-Vallina
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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18
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Modulation of the expression of the proinflammatory IL-8 gene in cystic fibrosis cells by extracts deriving from olive mill waste water. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:960603. [PMID: 23935691 PMCID: PMC3723063 DOI: 10.1155/2013/960603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A persistent recruitment of neutrophils in the bronchi of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients contributes to aggravate the airway tissue damage, suggesting the importance of modulating the expression of chemokines, including IL-8 during the management of the CF patients. Polyphenols rich extracts derived from waste water from olive mill, obtained by a molecular imprinting approach, have been investigated in order to discover compounds able to reduce IL-8 expression in human bronchial epithelial cells (IB3-1 cells), derived from a CF patient with a ΔF508/W1282X mutant genotype and stimulated with TNF-alpha. Initially, electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) were performed to determine whether the different active principles were able to inhibit the binding between transcription factor (TF) NF-kappaB and DNA consensus sequences. Among different representative active principles present in the extract, three compounds were selected, apigenin, oleuropein, and cyanidin chloride, which displayed remarkable activity in inhibiting NF-kappaB/DNA complexes. Utilizing TNF-alpha-treated IB3-1 cells as experimental model system, we demonstrated that apigenin and cyanidin chloride are able to modulate the expression of the NF-kappaB-regulated IL-8 gene, while oleuropein showed no effect in regulating the expression of the gene IL-8.
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19
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Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus kaposin B induces unique monophosphorylation of STAT3 at serine 727 and MK2-mediated inactivation of the STAT3 transcriptional repressor TRIM28. J Virol 2013; 87:8779-91. [PMID: 23740979 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02976-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiologic agent of primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD), and the inflammation-driven neoplasm Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). A triad of processes, including abnormal proliferation of endothelial cells, aberrant angiogenesis, and chronic inflammation, characterize KS lesions. STAT3 is a key transcription factor governing these processes, and deregulation of STAT3 activity is linked to a wide range of cancers, including PEL and KS. Using primary human endothelial cells (ECs), I demonstrate that KSHV infection modulated STAT3 activation in two ways: (i) KSHV induced uncoupling of canonical tyrosine (Y) and serine (S) phosphorylation events while (ii) concomitantly inducing the phosphorylation and inactivation of TRIM28 (also known as KAP-1 or TIF-1β), a newly identified negative regulator of STAT3 activity. KSHV infection of primary ECs induced chronic STAT3 activation characterized by a shift from the canonical dual P-STAT3 Y705 S727 form to a mono P-STAT3 S727 form. Expression of the latent protein kaposin B promoted the unique phosphorylation of STAT3 at S727, in the absence of Y705, activated the host kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein (MAPKAP) kinase 2 (MK2), and stimulated increased expression of STAT3-dependent genes, including CCL5, in ECs. TRIM28-mediated repression of STAT3 is relieved by phosphorylation of S473, and in vitro kinase assays identified TRIM28 S473 as a bona fide target of MK2. Together, these data suggest that kaposin B significantly contributes to the chronic inflammatory environment that is a hallmark of KS by unique activation of the proto-oncogene STAT3, coupled with MK2-mediated inactivation of the STAT3 transcriptional repressor TRIM28.
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20
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González I, Romero J, Rodríguez BL, Pérez-Castro R, Rojas A. The immunobiology of the receptor of advanced glycation end-products: trends and challenges. Immunobiology 2013. [PMID: 23182709 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pattern-recognition receptors have been highly conserved in evolution. They recognize danger signals including both pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns, also known as alarmins. Several signaling pathways leading to an inflammatory reaction as part of an effective defensive response, are thus triggered. RAGE, a receptor initially considered for advanced glycation end-products, is also known to be activated by several danger signals, thus functioning as a pattern-recognition receptor. As a new member of this family, attempts to unraveling its functioning show that RAGE activation not only results in innate immune response but also contributes to promote and shape the acquired immune reaction. As reported for other members of the family, RAGE presents many polymorphic variants and additional studies are needed to elucidate its significance in immune response and disease susceptibility. Here we describe recent advances unraveling RAGE functions, as well as its significance and challenges in immunobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana González
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, 3605 San Miguel Ave., Talca, Chile
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21
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Abstract
Macrophages themselves are a heterogeneous mixture of cells which mediate their effects not only through phagocytosis but also through the production of various soluble factors such as cytokines and chemokines. The most important function of macrophages is the defense of the body against pathogen aggressions. However, when recruited within neoplastic tissues, tumor-associated macrophages polarize differently and do not predominantly exert their immune function but rather favor tumor growth and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishikesh C Dandekar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, M. A. Rangoonwala's College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Azam Campus, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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22
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Howe EN, Cochrane DR, Cittelly DM, Richer JK. miR-200c targets a NF-κB up-regulated TrkB/NTF3 autocrine signaling loop to enhance anoikis sensitivity in triple negative breast cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49987. [PMID: 23185507 PMCID: PMC3503774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anoikis is apoptosis initiated upon cell detachment from the native extracellular matrix. Since survival upon detachment from basement membrane is required for metastasis, the ability to resist anoikis contributes to the metastatic potential of breast tumors. miR-200c, a potent repressor of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, is expressed in luminal breast cancers, but is lost in more aggressive basal-like, or triple negative breast cancers (TNBC). We previously demonstrated that miR-200c restores anoikis sensitivity to TNBC cells by directly targeting the neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase, TrkB. In this study, we identify a TrkB ligand, neurotrophin 3 (NTF3), as capable of activating TrkB to induce anoikis resistance, and show that NTF3 is also a direct target of miR-200c. We present the first evidence that anoikis resistant TNBC cells up-regulate both TrkB and NTF3 when suspended, and show that this up-regulation is necessary for survival in suspension. We further demonstrate that NF-κB activity increases 6 fold in suspended TNBC cells, and identify RelA and NF-κB1 as the transcription factors responsible for suspension-induced up-regulation of TrkB and NTF3. Consequently, inhibition of NF-κB activity represses anoikis resistance. Taken together, our findings define a critical mechanism for transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of suspension-induced up-regulation of TrkB and NTF3 in anoikis resistant breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin N. Howe
- Program in Cancer Biology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Dawn R. Cochrane
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Diana M. Cittelly
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jennifer K. Richer
- Program in Cancer Biology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
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23
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Abstract
The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription factor family has been considered the central mediator of the inflammatory process and a key participant in innate and adaptive immune responses. Coincident with the molecular cloning of NF-κB/RelA and identification of its kinship to the v-Rel oncogene, it was anticipated that NF-κB itself would be involved in cancer development. Oncogenic activating mutations in NF-κB genes are rare and have been identified only in some lymphoid malignancies, while most NF-κB activating mutations in lymphoid malignancies occur in upstream signaling components that feed into NF-κB. NF-κB activation is also prevalent in carcinomas, in which NF-κB activation is mainly driven by inflammatory cytokines within the tumor microenvironment. Importantly, however, in all malignancies, NF-κB acts in a cell type-specific manner: activating survival genes within cancer cells and inflammation-promoting genes in components of the tumor microenvironment. Yet, the complex biological functions of NF-κB have made its therapeutic targeting a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A DiDonato
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Department of Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, USA
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Malekshah OM, Lage H, Bahrami AR, Afshari JT, Behravan J. PXR and NF-κB correlate with the inducing effects of IL-1β and TNF-α on ABCG2 expression in breast cancer cell lines. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 47:474-80. [PMID: 22750628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 06/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study we aimed to evaluate PXR and ABCG2 gene expression patterns and NF-κB activity induced by proinflammatory cytokines in different breast normal and carcinoma cells. The effects of proinflammatory cytokines on ABCG2 and PXR mRNA expression were studied using real-time PCR. Western blot analysis used for evaluating the protein levels of ABCG2, PXR and the active form of NF-κB (p65 in nuclear protein extract). Significant inductions in the ABCG2 and PXR mRNA and protein levels and NF-κB activity, were observed in MCF7, BT-474, CAL51, 184A1 and HBL100 cells, upon treatment with 50 ng/ml of IL-1β and TNF-α. On the contrary significant reduction of the ABCG2 and PXR mRNA and protein levels and NF-κB activity, were observed in MDA-MB-435 cell line. In conclusion, IL-1β and TNF-α induced ABCG2 and PXR expression and NF-κB activity in some breast cancer and normal cell lines. Similar patterns of induction and reduction in PXR and ABCG2 genes and NF-κB activity suggest a probable relationship between ABCG2, PXR and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obeid M Malekshah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Novel selective COX-1 inhibitors suppress neuroinflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated N13 microglial cells. Pharmacol Res 2012; 65:137-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Borgatti M, Chilin A, Piccagli L, Lampronti I, Bianchi N, Mancini I, Marzaro G, Francesco dall’Acqua, Guiotto A, Gambari R. Development of a novel furocoumarin derivative inhibiting NF-κB dependent biological functions: Design, synthesis and biological effects. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:4870-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Haddad JJ, Abdel-Karim NE. NF-κB cellular and molecular regulatory mechanisms and pathways: therapeutic pattern or pseudoregulation? Cell Immunol 2011; 271:5-14. [PMID: 21777910 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2011.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
As fascinating a molecule as it can potentially get, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), a regulatory transcription factor, is as intriguing. NF-κB is a dimeric complex that controls the transcription of essential genes. NF-κB is involved in a variety of responses that play a pivotal role in regulating the immune response to inflammation, infection, and nociception. Aberrant regulation of NF-κB has been linked to certain conditions such as cancer, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, septic shock, viral infection, and improper immune responses. Cellular and molecular regulatory mechanisms and pathways involving the regulation of this transcription factor are being unraveled. Therapeutic approaches have emerged underlying the regulatory impact of oligonucleotides/decoys and other non-decoy inhibitors on NF-κB modulation. In this synopsis, we emphasize the role of decoy therapy in understanding the crucial influence of this transcription factor, and further weigh not only the efficacy of this therapeutic approach but also its necessity and contraindications.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Haddad
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling Research Group, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Cammarota R, Bertolini V, Pennesi G, Bucci EO, Gottardi O, Garlanda C, Laghi L, Barberis MC, Sessa F, Noonan DM, Albini A. The tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer: stromal TLR-4 expression as a potential prognostic marker. J Transl Med 2010; 8:112. [PMID: 21059221 PMCID: PMC2997091 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-8-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer can be efficiently treated when found at early stages, thus the search for novel markers is of paramount importance. Since inflammation is associated with cancer progression and angiogenesis, we investigated expression of cytokines like IL-6 and other mediators that play a key role in the innate immune system, in particular toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), in the microenvironment of lesions from different stages of colon disease progression, from ulcerative colitis to adenoma and adenocarcinoma to find useful markers. Methods The presence of inflammatory cells and expression of key cytokines involved in the inflammation process were quantified by immunohistochemistry in specific tissue compartments (epithelial, stromal, endothelial) by immunohistochemistry. A murine azoxymethane/dextran sulfate model in which Tir8, a negative regulator of the inflammatory response, was ablated was used to confirm the clinical observations. 116 Archival tissue samples from patients with different stages of colorectal disease: 13 cases of ulcerative colitis (UC), 34 tubular or tubulo-villous adenomas (AD), and 53 infiltrating adenocarcinomas. 16 specimens of healthy mucosa surgically removed with the cancerous tissue were used as a control. Results The differences between healthy tissues and the diverse lesions was characterized by a marked inflammatory-angiogenic reaction, with significantly (P < 0.05) higher numbers of CD68, CD15, and CD31 expressing cells in all diseased tissues that correlated with increasing grade of malignancy. We noted down-regulation of a potential modulator molecule, Hepatocyte Growth Factor, in all diseased tissues (P < 0.05). TLR-4 and IL6 expression in the tumor microenvironment were associated with adenocarcinoma in human samples and in the murine model. We found that adenocarcinoma patients (pT1-4) with higher TLR-4 expression in stromal compartment had a significantly increased risk in disease progression. In those patients with a diagnosis of pT3 (33 cases) colon cancer, those with very high levels of TLR-4 in the tumor stroma relapsed significantly earlier than those with lower expression levels. Conclusions These data suggest that high TLR-4 expression in the tumor microenvironment represents a possible marker of disease progression in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Cammarota
- Oncology Research Laboratory, Science and Technology Park, IRCCS MultiMedica, (via Fantoli 16/15), Milan, (20138), Italy
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Tumor-initiating and -propagating cells: cells that we would like to identify and control. Neoplasia 2010; 12:506-15. [PMID: 20651980 DOI: 10.1593/neo.10290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of the cell types capable of initiating and sustaining growth of the neoplastic clone in vivo is a fundamental problem in cancer research. It is likely that tumor growth can be sustained both by rare cancer stem-like cells and selected aggressive clones and that the nature of the mutations, the cell of origin, and its environment will contribute to tumor propagation. Genomic instability, suggested as a driving force in tumorigenesis, may be induced by genetic and epigenetic changes. The feature of self-renewal in stem cells is shared with tumor cells, and deviant function of the stem cell regulatory networks may, in complex ways, contribute to malignant transformation and the establishment of a cancer stem cell-like phenotype. Understanding the nature of the more quiescent cancer stem-like cells and their niches has the potential to develop novel cancer therapeutic protocols including pharmacological targeting of self-renewal pathways. Drugs that target cancer-related inflammation may have the potential to reeducate a tumor-promoting microenvironment. Because most epigenetic modifications may be reversible, DNA methylation and histone deacetylase inhibitors can be used to induce reexpression of genes that have been silenced epigenetically. Design of therapies that eliminate cancer stem-like cells without eliminating normal stem cells will be important. Further insight into the mechanisms by which pluripotency transcription factors (e.g., OCT4, SOX2, and Nanog), polycomb repressive complexes and microRNA balance selfrenewal and differentiation will be essential for our understanding of both embryonic differentiation and human carcinogenesis and for the development of new treatment strategies.
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Mader JS, Mookherjee N, Hancock REW, Bleackley RC. The human host defense peptide LL-37 induces apoptosis in a calpain- and apoptosis-inducing factor-dependent manner involving Bax activity. Mol Cancer Res 2009; 7:689-702. [PMID: 19435812 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-08-0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
LL-37 is a human cationic host defense peptide (antimicrobial peptide) belonging to the cathelicidin family of peptides. In this study, LL-37 was shown to kill Jurkat T leukemia cells via apoptosis. A loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA fragmentation, and phosphatidylserine externalization were detected following LL-37 exposure, whereas apoptosis was independent of caspase family members. The specific apoptotic pathway induced by LL-37 was defined through the utilization of Jurkat cells modified to express antiapoptotic proteins, as well as cells deficient in various proteins associated with apoptosis. Of interest, both Bcl-2-overexpressing cells and cells deficient in Bax and Bak proteins displayed a significant reduction in LL-37-induced apoptosis. In addition, Jurkat cells modified in the Fas receptor-associated pathway showed no reduction in apoptosis when exposed to LL-37. Analysis of the involvement of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in LL-37-mediated apoptosis revealed that AIF transferred from the mitochondria to the nucleus of cells exposed to LL-37, where it may lead to large-scale DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation. AIF knockdown analysis resulted in LL-37-resistant cells. This suggests that AIF is mandatory in LL-37-mediated killing. Lastly, chelation or inhibition of Ca(2+) or calpains inhibited LL-37-mediated killing. Further analysis revealed that calpains were required for LL-37-mediated Bax translocation to mitochondria. Together, these data show that LL-37-induced apoptosis is mediated via the mitochondria-associated pathway in a caspase-independent and calpain- and AIF-dependent manner that involves Bax activation and translocation to mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie S Mader
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Room 463, Medical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H7.
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Khanna S, Park HA, Sen CK, Golakoti T, Sengupta K, Venkateswarlu S, Roy S. Neuroprotective and antiinflammatory properties of a novel demethylated curcuminoid. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11:449-68. [PMID: 18724833 PMCID: PMC2787730 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2008.2230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2008] [Revised: 08/25/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A demethylated derivative of curcumin (DC; 67.8% bisdemethylcurcumin, 20.7% demethylmonodemethoxycurcumin, 5.86% bisdemethoxycurcumin, 2.58% demethylcurcumin) was prepared by using a 95% extract of curcumin (C(95); 72.2% curcumin, 18.8% monodemethoxycurcumin, 4.5% bisdemethoxycurcumin). DC increased glutathione and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HT4 neuronal cells. In a model of glutamate-induced death of HT4, DC was more effective than C(95) in neuroprotection. The protective effects of DC were retained even when DC was withdrawn from culture media after pretreatment. DC treatment, unlike an equal dose of C(95), completely spared glutamate-induced loss of cellular GSH. Both DC and C(95) prevented glutamate-induced elevation of cellular ROS but failed to attenuate glutamate-induced elevation of intracellular calcium. In human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs) challenged with TNF-alpha, GeneChip analysis revealed that only a subcluster of 23 TNF-alpha-inducible genes were uniquely sensitive to C(95). In sharp contrast, 1,065 TNF-alpha-inducible genes were sensitive to DC but not to C(95), suggesting that DC was more effective in antagonizing the effects of TNF-alpha on HMECs. Functional analysis identified that the genes uniquely sensitive to DC belonged in four functional categories: cytokine-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, cell adhesion, and apoptosis. Real-time PCR as well as ELISA studies demonstrated that TNF-alpha-inducible CXCL10 and CXCL11 expression was sensitive to DC but not to C(95). Flow-cytometry studies recognized ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 as TNF-alpha-inducible adhesion molecules that were uniquely sensitive to DC. Taken together, DC exhibited promising neuroprotective and antiinflammatory properties that must be characterized in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita Khanna
- Departments of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Han-A Park
- Departments of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Chandan K. Sen
- Departments of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | | | | | - Sashwati Roy
- Departments of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
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Goodman MG. Mechanism of synergy between T cell signals and C8-substituted guanine nucleosides in humoral immunity: B lymphotropic cytokines induce responsiveness to 8-mercaptoguanosine. Br J Pharmacol 1986; 167:1415-30. [PMID: 3514757 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02099.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
B lymphocytes require a source of T cell-like help to produce antibody to T cell-dependent antigens. T cell-derived lymphokines and C8-substituted guanine ribonucleosides (such as 8-mercaptoguanosine; 8MGuo) are effective sources of such T cell-like help. Addition of T cell-derived lymphokines to antigen-activated B cells together with 8MGuo results in synergistic B cell differentiation, amplifying the sum of the individual responses twofold to four-fold. Lymphokine activity is required at initiation of culture for optimal synergy with 8MGuo, whereas the nucleoside can be added up to 48 hr after the lymphokines with full synergy. 8MGuo provides a perceived T cell-like differentiation signal to B cells from immunodeficient xid mice, thereby distinguishing a subset of Lyb-5- nucleoside-responsive B cells from those activated by soluble anti-mu followed by B cell stimulatory factor-1, interleukin 1, and B cell differentiation factors, which are Lyb-5+. Moreover, at least a subset of the B cells recruited by the synergistic interaction of lymphokines and nucleoside is distinct from that responsive to 8MGuo + antigen, insofar as Sephadex G-10 nonadherent xid B cells fail to respond to either 8MGuo or lymphokines alone, but do respond to the combination. A distinct subpopulation can also be demonstrated among normal B cells by limiting dilution analysis in which the precursor frequency of antigen-reactive B cells in the presence of lymphokines or nucleoside alone increases substantially when both agents are present together. In concert with the kinetic data, these observations suggest that synergy derives at least in part from the ability of lymphokines to induce one or more elements the absence of which limits the capacity of a distinct B cell subpopulation to respond to 8MGuo.
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