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Hsu WH, Huang NK, Shiao YJ, Lu CK, Chao YM, Huang YJ, Yeh CH, Lin YL. Gastrodiae rhizoma attenuates brain aging via promoting neuritogenesis and neurodifferentiation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 87:153576. [PMID: 33985879 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrodiae Rhizoma (Tianma), the dried tuber of Gastrodia elata Bl. (Orchidaceae), is listed as a top-grade herbal medicine in Shen-nong Ben-ts'ao Jing and has been used for treating headaches, dizziness, vertigo and convulsion. It has a neuroprotective effect and extends the lifespan in mouse models of Huntington's disease and Niemann-Pick type C disease. However, its effect on senescence remains unknown. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the anti-aging effects and the underlying mechanism of Gastrodiae Rhizoma. METHODS D-galactose (D-gal)- and BeSO4-induced cellular senescence and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity were evaluated in SH-SY5Y and PC12 cells. D-gal-induced aging mice were used as an in vivo model. Animal behaviors including nesting and burrowing and Morris water maze were conducted. Neurogenesis in the hippocampus was assessed by immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy, and the aging-related proteins were assessed by Western blot analysis. The potential neuritogenesis activity of the partially purified fraction of Gastrodiae Rhizoma (TM-2) and its major ingredients were investigated in PC12 cells. RESULTS TM-2 could improve D-gal-induced learning and memory impairement by inhibiting oxidative stress, increasing hippocampal neurogenesis and regulating the SH2B1-Akt pathway. Moreover, N6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)adenine riboside (T1-11) and parishins A and B, three constituents of TM-2, had anti-aging activity, as did T1-11 and parishin A induced neuritogenesis. CONCLUSION Our data suggested that TM-2 slowed down D-gal-induced cellular and mouse brain aging. These results indicate that Gastrodiae Rhizoma has a beneficial effect on senescence. It may be used for neuroprotection and promoting neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsiang Hsu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Kuei Huang
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Young-Ji Shiao
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Institute of Biopharmaceutical Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Kuang Lu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ming Chao
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jeng Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Yeh
- Taoyuan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taoyuan 32754, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Lian Lin
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10050, Taiwan.
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Matsushima Y, Terada K, Takata J, Karube Y, Kamei C, Sugimoto Y. Effects of fluvoxamine on nerve growth factor-induced neurite outgrowth inhibition by dexamethasone in PC12 cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:659-665. [PMID: 30543144 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1553607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the effects of fluvoxamine on nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite outgrowth inhibition by dexamethasone (DEX) in PC12 cells. Fluvoxamine increased NGF-induced neurite outgrowth. Compared with co-treatment with NGF and fluvoxamine, p-Akt levels were higher than the values without fluvoxamine. The phosphorylated extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 levels were slightly increased by co-treatment with NGF and fluvoxamine. Fluvoxamine concentration-dependently improved NGF-induced neurite outgrowth inhibition by DEX. Fluvoxamine also improved the decrease in the NGF-induced p-Akt level caused by DEX. Interestingly, the sigma-1 receptor antagonist NE-100 blocked the improvement effects of fluvoxamine on NGF-induced neurite outgrowth inhibition by DEX. The selective sigma-1 receptor agonist PRE-084 also improved NGF-induced neurite outgrowth inhibition by DEX, which is blocked by NE-100. These results indicate that the improvement effects of fluvoxamine on NGF-induced neurite outgrowth inhibition by DEX may be attributable to the phosphorylation of Akt and the sigma-1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Matsushima
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology , Yasuda Women's University , Hiroshima , Japan
- b Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Kampo and Natural Product Chemistry , Yokohama University of Pharmacy , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Kazuki Terada
- c Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Drug Design and Drug Delivery , Fukuoka University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Jiro Takata
- c Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Drug Design and Drug Delivery , Fukuoka University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Karube
- c Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Drug Design and Drug Delivery , Fukuoka University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Chiaki Kamei
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology , Yasuda Women's University , Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Yumi Sugimoto
- d Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology , Himeji Dokkyo University , Himeji , Japan
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Bellon A, Iyer A, Bridi S, Lee FCY, Ovando-Vázquez C, Corradi E, Longhi S, Roccuzzo M, Strohbuecker S, Naik S, Sarkies P, Miska E, Abreu-Goodger C, Holt CE, Baudet ML. miR-182 Regulates Slit2-Mediated Axon Guidance by Modulating the Local Translation of a Specific mRNA. Cell Rep 2017; 18:1171-1186. [PMID: 28147273 PMCID: PMC5300892 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.12.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During brain wiring, cue-induced axon behaviors such as directional steering and branching are aided by localized mRNA translation. Different guidance cues elicit translation of subsets of mRNAs that differentially regulate the cytoskeleton, yet little is understood about how specific mRNAs are selected for translation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical translational regulators that act through a sequence-specific mechanism. Here, we investigate the local role of miRNAs in mRNA-specific translation during pathfinding of Xenopus laevis retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons. Among a rich repertoire of axonal miRNAs, miR-182 is identified as the most abundant. Loss of miR-182 causes RGC axon targeting defects in vivo and impairs Slit2-induced growth cone (GC) repulsion. We find that miR-182 targets cofilin-1 mRNA, silencing its translation, and Slit2 rapidly relieves the repression without causing miR-182 degradation. Our data support a model whereby miR-182 reversibly gates the selection of transcripts for fast translation depending on the extrinsic cue. Small RNA-seq analysis reveals that miR-182 is the most abundant miRNA in RGC axons miR-182 regulates Slit2-mediated axon guidance of RGCs in vitro and in vivo miR-182 silences cofilin-1 local protein synthesis in growth cones Slit2 rapidly lifts miR-182-mediated repression of cofilin-1 without degrading it
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Bellon
- PDN Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB23DY, UK
| | - Archana Iyer
- CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Simone Bridi
- CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Flora C Y Lee
- PDN Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB23DY, UK
| | | | | | - Sara Longhi
- CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
| | | | | | - Sindhu Naik
- CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Peter Sarkies
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB21QN, UK
| | - Eric Miska
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB21QN, UK
| | - Cei Abreu-Goodger
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (Langebio), Cinvestav, Irapuato 36821, Mexico
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Pandey A, Yadav V, Sharma A, Khurana JP, Pandey GK. The unc-53 gene negatively regulates rac GTPases to inhibit unc-5 activity during Distal tip cell migrations in C. elegans. Cell Adh Migr 2017; 12:195-203. [PMID: 28678595 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2017.1345413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The unc-53/NAV2 gene encodes for an adaptor protein required for cell migrations along the anteroposterior (AP) axes of C. elegans. This study identifies unc-53 as a novel component of signaling pathways regulating Distal tip cell (DTC) migrations along the AP and dorsoventral (DV) axes. unc-53 negatively regulates and functions downstream of ced-10/Rac pathway genes; ced-10/Rac and mig-2/RhoG, which are required for proper DTC migration. Moreover, unc-53 exhibits genetic interaction with abl-1 and unc-5, the 2 known negative regulators of ced-10/Rac signaling. Our genetic analysis supports the model, where abl-1 negatively regulates unc-53 during DTC migrations and requirement of unc-53 function during both AP and DV DTC migrations could be due to unc-53 mediated regulation of unc-5 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Pandey
- a Department of Plant Molecular Biology , University of Delhi South Campus , New Delhi , India
| | - Vipul Yadav
- b Department of Genetics , University of Delhi South Campus , New Delhi , India
| | - Aditi Sharma
- a Department of Plant Molecular Biology , University of Delhi South Campus , New Delhi , India
| | - Jitendra P Khurana
- a Department of Plant Molecular Biology , University of Delhi South Campus , New Delhi , India
| | - Girdhar K Pandey
- a Department of Plant Molecular Biology , University of Delhi South Campus , New Delhi , India
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Benga A, Zor F, Korkmaz A, Marinescu B, Gorantla V. The neurochemistry of peripheral nerve regeneration. Indian J Plast Surg 2017; 50:5-15. [PMID: 28615804 PMCID: PMC5469235 DOI: 10.4103/ijps.ijps_14_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) can be most disabling, resulting in the loss of sensitivity, motor function and autonomic control in the involved anatomical segment. Although injured peripheral nerves are capable of regeneration, sub-optimal recovery of function is seen even with the best reconstruction. Distal axonal degeneration is an unavoidable consequence of PNI. There are currently few strategies aimed to maintain the distal pathway and/or target fidelity during regeneration across the zone of injury. The current state of the art approaches have been focussed on the site of nerve injury and not on their distal muscular targets or representative proximal cell bodies or central cortical regions. This is a comprehensive literature review of the neurochemistry of peripheral nerve regeneration and a state of the art analysis of experimental compounds (inorganic and organic agents) with demonstrated neurotherapeutic efficacy in improving cell body and neuron survival, reducing scar formation and maximising overall nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Benga
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Fatih Zor
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Korkmaz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bogdan Marinescu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vijay Gorantla
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Ko HR, Kwon IS, Hwang I, Jin EJ, Shin JH, Brennan-Minnella AM, Swanson R, Cho SW, Lee KH, Ahn JY. Akt1-Inhibitor of DNA binding2 is essential for growth cone formation and axon growth and promotes central nervous system axon regeneration. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27938661 PMCID: PMC5153247 DOI: 10.7554/elife.20799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic studies of axon growth during development are beneficial to the search for neuron-intrinsic regulators of axon regeneration. Here, we discovered that, in the developing neuron from rat, Akt signaling regulates axon growth and growth cone formation through phosphorylation of serine 14 (S14) on Inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2). This enhances Id2 protein stability by means of escape from proteasomal degradation, and steers its localization to the growth cone, where Id2 interacts with radixin that is critical for growth cone formation. Knockdown of Id2, or abrogation of Id2 phosphorylation at S14, greatly impairs axon growth and the architecture of growth cone. Intriguingly, reinstatement of Akt/Id2 signaling after injury in mouse hippocampal slices redeemed growth promoting ability, leading to obvious axon regeneration. Our results suggest that Akt/Id2 signaling is a key module for growth cone formation and axon growth, and its augmentation plays a potential role in CNS axonal regeneration. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.20799.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Rim Ko
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Sun Kwon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Inwoo Hwang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Jin
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Ho Shin
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Angela M Brennan-Minnella
- The Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, United States
| | - Raymond Swanson
- The Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, United States
| | - Sung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Lee
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Yin Ahn
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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7
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Yu J, Lin S, Wang M, Liang L, Zou Z, Zhou X, Wang M, Chen P, Wang Y. Metastasis suppressor 1 regulates neurite outgrowth in primary neuron cultures. Neuroscience 2016; 333:123-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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GEFs and Rac GTPases control directional specificity of neurite extension along the anterior-posterior axis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:6973-8. [PMID: 27274054 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1607179113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Although previous studies have identified many extracellular guidance molecules and intracellular signaling proteins that regulate axonal outgrowth and extension, most were conducted in the context of unidirectional neurite growth, in which the guidance cues either attract or repel growth cones. Very few studies addressed how intracellular signaling molecules differentially specify bidirectional outgrowth. Here, using the bipolar PLM neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans, we show that the guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) UNC-73/Trio and TIAM-1 promote anterior and posterior neurite extension, respectively. The Rac subfamily GTPases act downstream of the GEFs; CED-10/Rac1 is activated by TIAM-1, whereas CED-10 and MIG-2/RhoG act redundantly downstream of UNC-73. Moreover, these two pathways antagonize each other and thus regulate the directional bias of neuritogenesis. Our study suggests that directional specificity of neurite extension is conferred through the intracellular activation of distinct GEFs and Rac GTPases.
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Ginsenoside-Rd Promotes Neurite Outgrowth of PC12 Cells through MAPK/ERK- and PI3K/AKT-Dependent Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17020177. [PMID: 26840295 PMCID: PMC4783911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Panax ginseng is a famous herbal medicine widely used in Asia. Ginsenosides have been identified as the principle active ingredients for Panax ginseng’s biological activity, among which ginsenoside Rd (Rd) attracts extensive attention for its obvious neuroprotective activities. Here we investigated the effect of Rd on neurite outgrowth, a crucial process associated with neuronal repair. PC12 cells, which respond to nerve growth factor (NGF) and serve as a model for neuronal cells, were treated with different concentrations of Rd, and then their neurite outgrowth was evaluated. Our results showed that 10 μM Rd significantly increased the percentages of long neurite- and branching neurite-bearing cells, compared with respective controls. The length of the longest neurites and the total length of neurites in Rd-treated PC12 cells were much longer than that of respective controls. We also showed that Rd activated ERK1/2 and AKT but not PKC signalings, and inhibition of ERK1/2 by PD98059 or/and AKT by LY294002 effectively attenuated Rd-induced neurite outgrowth. Moreover, Rd upregulated the expression of GAP-43, a neuron-specific protein involved in neurite outgrowth, while PD98059 or/and LY294002 decreased Rd-induced increased GAP-43 expression. Taken together, our results provided the first evidence that Rd may promote the neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells by upregulating GAP-43 expression via ERK- and ARK-dependent signaling pathways.
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Ding Y, Li Y, Lu L, Zhang R, Zeng L, Wang L, Zhang X. Inhibition of Nischarin Expression Promotes Neurite Outgrowth through Regulation of PAK Activity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144948. [PMID: 26670864 PMCID: PMC4682924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nischarin is a cytoplasmic protein expressed in various organs that plays an inhibitory role in cell migration and invasion and the carcinogenesis of breast cancer cells. We previously reported that Nischarin is highly expressed in neuronal cell lines and is differentially expressed in the brain tissue of adult rats. However, the physiological function of Nischarin in neural cells remains unknown. Here, we show that Nischarin is expressed in rat primary cortical neurons but not in astrocytes. Nischarin is localized around the nucleus and dendrites. Using shRNA to knockdown the expression of endogenous Nischarin significantly increases the percentage of neurite-bearing cells, remarkably increases neurite length, and accelerates neurite extension in neuronal cells. Silencing Nischarin expression also promotes dendrite elongation in rat cortical neurons where Nischarin interacts with p21-activated kinase 1/2 (PAK1/2) and negatively regulates phosphorylation of both PAK1 and PAK2. The stimulation of neurite growth observed in cells with decreased levels of Nischarin is partially abolished by IPA3-mediated inhibition of PAK1 activity. Our findings indicate that endogenous Nischarin inhibits neurite outgrowth by blocking PAK1 activation in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuemin Ding
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Yuying Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Quzhou College of Technology, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Lingchao Lu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Jiaxing Second Hospital, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Linghui Zeng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (LW)
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (LW)
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Salgado IK, Torrado AI, Santiago JM, Miranda JD. Tamoxifen and Src kinase inhibitors as neuroprotective/neuroregenerative drugs after spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:385-90. [PMID: 25878585 PMCID: PMC4396099 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.153685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that produces significant changes in the lifestyle of patients. Many molecular and cellular events are triggered after the initial physical impact to the cord. Two major phases have been described in the field of SCI: an acute phase and late phase. Most of the therapeutic strategies are focused on the late phase because this provides an opportunity to target cellular events like apoptosis, demyelination, scar formation and axonal outgrowth. In this mini-review, we will focus on two agents (tamoxifen and a Src kinase family inhibitor known as PP2) that have been shown in our laboratory to produce neuroprotective (increase cell survival) and/or regenerative (axonal outgrowth) actions. The animal model used in our laboratory is adult female rat (~250 g) with a moderate contusion (12.5 mm) to the spinal cord at the T10 level, using the MASCIS impactor device. Tamoxifen or PP2 was administered by implantation of a 15 mg pellet (Innovative Research of America, Sarasota, FL, USA) or by intraperitoneal injections (1.5 mg/kg, every 3 days), respectively, to produce a long-term effect (28 days). Tamoxifen and the Src kinase inhibitor, PP2, are drugs that in rats with a moderate spinal cord injury promote functional locomotor recovery, increase spared white matter tissue, and stimulate axonal outgrowth. Moreover, tamoxifen reduces the formation of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, these drugs are possible therapeutic agents that have a neuroprotective/regenerative activity in vertebrates with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris K Salgado
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Aranza I Torrado
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Jose M Santiago
- University of Puerto Rico Carolina Campus, Department of Natural Sciences, Carolina, PR 00984, USA
| | - Jorge D Miranda
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
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Dupraz S, Grassi D, Karnas D, Nieto Guil AF, Hicks D, Quiroga S. The insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor is essential for axonal regeneration in adult central nervous system neurons. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54462. [PMID: 23349896 PMCID: PMC3548777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonal regeneration is an essential condition to re-establish functional neuronal connections in the injured adult central nervous system (CNS), but efficient regrowth of severed axons has proven to be very difficult to achieve. Although significant progress has been made in identifying the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms involved, many aspects remain unresolved. Axonal development in embryonic CNS (hippocampus) requires the obligate activation of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R). Based on known similarities between axonal growth in fetal compared to mature CNS, we decided to examine the expression of the IGF-1R, using an antibody to the βgc subunit or a polyclonal anti-peptide antibody directed to the IGF-R (C20), in an in vitro model of adult CNS axonal regeneration, namely retinal ganglion cells (RGC) derived from adult rat retinas. Expression of both βgc and the β subunit recognized by C20 antibody were low in freshly isolated adult RGC, but increased significantly after 4 days in vitro. As in embryonic axons, βgc was localised to distal regions and leading growth cones in RGC. IGF-1R-βgc co-localised with activated p85 involved in the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway, upon stimulation with IGF-1. Blocking experiments using either an antibody which neutralises IGF-1R activation, shRNA designed against the IGF-1R sequence, or the PI3K pathway inhibitor LY294002, all significantly reduced axon regeneration from adult RGC in vitro (∼40% RGC possessed axons in controls vs 2-8% in the different blocking studies). Finally, co-transfection of RGC with shRNA to silence IGF-1R together with a vector containing a constitutively active form of downstream PI3K (p110), fully restored axonal outgrowth in vitro. Hence these data demonstrate that axonal regeneration in adult CNS neurons requires re-expression and activation of IGF-1R, and targeting this system may offer new therapeutic approaches to enhancing axonal regeneration following trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Dupraz
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba y Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Diego Grassi
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba y Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Diana Karnas
- Rhythms, Life and Death in the Retina, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR-3212 Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alvaro F. Nieto Guil
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba y Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - David Hicks
- Rhythms, Life and Death in the Retina, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR-3212 Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Santiago Quiroga
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba y Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
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13
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The effects of energy beverages on cultured cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3759-68. [PMID: 22809471 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The popularity and prevalence of energy beverages makes it essential to examine the interactions between the ingredients and their effects on the safety of these beverages. In this study, we used in vitro assays to examine the effects of two energy beverages on mesenchymal, epithelial and neuronal cells. Our results showed that treatment of epithelial and mesenchymal cells with either energy beverage resulted in a dose dependent delay in wound closure, in a scratch wound healing assay. In rat embryonic fibroblasts, treatment with the energy beverages led to decreased lamellipodia formation and decreased proliferation/viability; whereas in MDCK cells, energy beverage treatment resulted in actin disorganization without any effects on cell proliferation. This suggests that the mechanisms underlying delayed wound healing might be different in the two cell types. Interestingly, the delays in both cell types could not be mimicked by treatment of caffeine, taurine and glucose alone or in combinations. Furthermore, treatment of chick forebrain neuronal cultures with energy beverages resulted in a dose dependent inhibition of neurite outgrowth. The cellular assays used in this study provide a consistent, qualitative and quantitative system for examining the combinatorial effects of the various ingredients used in energy beverages.
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14
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Specificity of peripheral nerve regeneration: interactions at the axon level. Prog Neurobiol 2012; 98:16-37. [PMID: 22609046 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerves injuries result in paralysis, anesthesia and lack of autonomic control of the affected body areas. After injury, axons distal to the lesion are disconnected from the neuronal body and degenerate, leading to denervation of the peripheral organs. Wallerian degeneration creates a microenvironment distal to the injury site that supports axonal regrowth, while the neuron body changes in phenotype to promote axonal regeneration. The significance of axonal regeneration is to replace the degenerated distal nerve segment, and achieve reinnervation of target organs and restitution of their functions. However, axonal regeneration does not always allows for adequate functional recovery, so that after a peripheral nerve injury, patients do not recover normal motor control and fine sensibility. The lack of specificity of nerve regeneration, in terms of motor and sensory axons regrowth, pathfinding and target reinnervation, is one the main shortcomings for recovery. Key factors for successful axonal regeneration include the intrinsic changes that neurons suffer to switch their transmitter state to a pro-regenerative state and the environment that the axons find distal to the lesion site. The molecular mechanisms implicated in axonal regeneration and pathfinding after injury are complex, and take into account the cross-talk between axons and glial cells, neurotrophic factors, extracellular matrix molecules and their receptors. The aim of this review is to look at those interactions, trying to understand if some of these molecular factors are specific for motor and sensory neuron growth, and provide the basic knowledge for potential strategies to enhance and guide axonal regeneration and reinnervation of adequate target organs.
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15
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Fressinaud C, Berges R, Eyer J. Axon cytoskeleton proteins specifically modulate oligodendrocyte growth and differentiation in vitro. Neurochem Int 2012; 60:78-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Rosas OR, Figueroa JD, Torrado AI, Rivera M, Santiago JM, Konig-Toro F, Miranda JD. Expression and activation of ephexin is altered after spinal cord injury. Dev Neurobiol 2011; 71:595-607. [PMID: 20949525 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.20848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Failure of axon regeneration after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is attributable in part to the presence of inhibitory molecular interactions. Recent evidence demonstrates that activation of Eph signaling pathways leads to modulation of growth cone dynamics and repulsion through the activation of ephexin, a novel guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). However, little is known about the expression and modulation of Eph molecular targets in the injured spinal cord. In this study, we determined the expression profile of ephexin after a moderate spinal cord contusion at thoracic level (T10) in young adult rats. Western-blot studies showed increased protein expression in injured rats at 4 and 7 days postinjury (DPI) when compared with control animals. The protein levels returned to normal at 14 DPI and remained steady until 28 DPI. However, immunoprecipitation studies of the phosphorylated ephexin demonstrated that this protein is activated by day 2 until 14 DPI. Expression of ephexin was noticeable in neurons, axons, microglia/macrophages, and reactive astrocytes, and co-localized with EphA3, A4, and A7. These results demonstrate the presence of ephexin in the adult spinal cord and its activation after SCI. Therefore, we show, for the first time, the spatiotemporal pattern of ephexin expression and activation after contusive SCI. Collectively, our data support our previous findings on the putative nonpermissive roles of Eph receptors after SCI and the possible involvement of ephexin in the intracellular cascade of events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odrick R Rosas
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936
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17
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The vagus nerve is the major neural connection between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system. During fetal development, axons from the cell bodies of the nodose ganglia and the dorsal motor nucleus grow into the gut to find their enteric targets, providing the vagal sensory and motor innervations respectively. Vagal sensory and motor axons innervate selective targets, suggesting a role for guidance cues in the establishment of the normal pattern of enteric vagal innervation. PURPOSE This review explores known molecular mechanisms that guide vagal innervation in the gastrointestinal tract. Guidance and growth factors, such as netrin-1 and its receptor, deleted in colorectal cancer, extracellular matrix molecules, such as laminin-111, and members of the neurotrophin family of molecules, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor have been identified as mediating the guidance of vagal axons to the fetal mouse gut. In addition to increasing our understanding of the development of enteric innervation, studies of vagal development may also reveal clinically relevant insights into the underlying mechanisms of vago-vagal communication with the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Ratcliffe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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18
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Bischof J, Müller A, Fänder M, Knippschild U, Fischer D. Neurite outgrowth of mature retinal ganglion cells and PC12 cells requires activity of CK1δ and CK1ε. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20857. [PMID: 21698236 PMCID: PMC3116831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mature retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) do not normally regenerate severed axons after optic nerve injury and show only little neurite outgrowth in culture. However, RGCs can be transformed into an active regenerative state after lens injury (LI) enabling these neurons to regrow axons in vitro and in vivo. In the current study we investigated the role of CK1δ and CK1ε activity in neurite outgrowth of LI stimulated RGCs and nerve growth factor (NGF) stimulated PC12 cells, respectively. In both cell types CK1δ and ε were localized in granular particles aligned at microtubules in neurites and growth cones. Although LI treatment did not measurably affect the expression of CK1δ and ε, it significantly elevated the specific kinase activity in the retina. Similarly, CK1δ/ε specific kinase activity was also elevated in NGF treated PC12 cells compared with untreated controls. Neurite extension in PC12 cells was associated with a change in the activity of CK1δ C-terminal targeting kinases, suggesting that activity of these kinases might be necessary for neurite outgrowth. Pharmacological inactivation of CK1δ and ε markedly compromised neurite outgrowth of both, PC12 cells and LI stimulated RGCs in a concentration dependent manner. These data provide evidence for a so far unknown, but essential role of CK1 isoforms in neurite growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Bischof
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Adrienne Müller
- Department of Experimental Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Miriam Fänder
- Department of Experimental Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail: (UK); (DF)
| | - Dietmar Fischer
- Department of Experimental Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Experimental Neurology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail: (UK); (DF)
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Meldolesi J. Neurite outgrowth: this process, first discovered by Santiago Ramon y Cajal, is sustained by the exocytosis of two distinct types of vesicles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 66:246-55. [PMID: 20600308 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Neurite outgrowth is a fundamental process in the differentiation of neurons. The first, seminal study documenting the generation of "appendages" (now known as filopodia and lamellipodia) on the "cones d'accroissement," the specialized growth cones at the tips of neurites, was reported by Cajal still in the XIXth century, investigating chicken neurons embryos stained by the Golgi's reazione nera. Since then, studies have continued using, in addition to brain tissues, powerful in vitro models, i.e. primary cultures of pyramidal neurons from the hippocampus and neurosecretory cell lines, in particular PC12 cells. These studies have documented that neuronal neurites, upon sprouting from the cell body, give rise to both axons and dendrites. The specificity of these differentiated neurites depends on the diffusion barrier established at the initial segment of the axon and on the specialized domains, spines and presynaptic boutons, assembled around complexes of scaffold proteins. The two main, coordinate mechanisms that support neurite outgrowth are (a) the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton and (b) the expansion of the plasma membrane due to the exo/endocytosis of specific vesicles, distinct from those filled with neurotransmitters (clear and dense-core vesicles). The latter process is the main task of this review. In axons the surface-expanding exocytoses are concentrated at the growth cones; in dendrites they may be more distributed along the shaft. At least two types of exocytic vesicles appear to be involved, the enlargeosomes, positive for VAMP4, during early phases of development, and Ti-VAMP-positive vesicles later on. Outgrowth studies, that are now intensely pursued, have already yielded results of great importance in brain cell biology and function, and are playing an increasing role in pathology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Meldolesi
- Department of Neuroscience, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and San Raffaele Institute, IIT Section of Molecular Neuroscience, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy.
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20
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Dock3 induces axonal outgrowth by stimulating membrane recruitment of the WAVE complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:7586-91. [PMID: 20368433 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0914514107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical Rho-guanine nucleotide exchange factors (Rho-GEFs) that contain Dock homology regions (DHR-1 and DHR-2) are expressed in a variety of tissues; however, their functions and mechanisms of action remain unclear. We identify key conserved amino acids in the DHR-2 domain that are critical for the catalytic activity of Dock-GEFs (Dock1-4). We further demonstrate that Dock-GEFs directly associate with WASP family verprolin-homologous (WAVE) proteins through the DHR-1 domain. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-TrkB signaling recruits the Dock3/WAVE1 complex to the plasma membrane, whereupon Dock3 activates Rac and dissociates from the WAVE complex in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. BDNF induces axonal sprouting through Dock-dependent Rac activation, and adult transgenic mice overexpressing Dock3 exhibit enhanced optic nerve regeneration after injury without affecting WAVE expression levels. Our results highlight a unique mechanism through which Dock-GEFs achieve spatial and temporal restriction of WAVE signaling, and identify Dock-GEF activity as a potential therapeutic target for axonal regeneration.
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21
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Ould-yahoui A, Tremblay E, Sbai O, Ferhat L, Bernard A, Charrat E, Gueye Y, Lim NH, Brew K, Risso JJ, Dive V, Khrestchatisky M, Rivera S. A new role for TIMP-1 in modulating neurite outgrowth and morphology of cortical neurons. PLoS One 2009; 4:e8289. [PMID: 20011518 PMCID: PMC2788270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) displays pleiotropic activities, both dependent and independent of its inhibitory activity on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In the central nervous system (CNS), TIMP-1 is strongly upregulated in reactive astrocytes and cortical neurons following excitotoxic/inflammatory stimuli, but no information exists on its effects on growth and morphology of cortical neurons. Principal Findings We found that 24 h incubation with recombinant TIMP-1 induced a 35% reduction in neurite length and significantly increased growth cones size and the number of F-actin rich microprocesses. TIMP-1 mediated reduction in neurite length affected both dendrites and axons after 48 h treatment. The effects on neurite length and morphology were not elicited by a mutated form of TIMP-1 inactive against MMP-1, -2 and -3, and still inhibitory for MMP-9, but were mimicked by a broad spectrum MMP inhibitor. MMP-9 was poorly expressed in developing cortical neurons, unlike MMP-2 which was present in growth cones and whose selective inhibition caused neurite length reductions similar to those induced by TIMP-1. Moreover, TIMP-1 mediated changes in cytoskeleton reorganisation were not accompanied by modifications in the expression levels of actin, βIII-tubulin, or microtubule assembly regulatory protein MAP2c. Transfection-mediated overexpression of TIMP-1 dramatically reduced neuritic arbour extension in the absence of detectable levels of released extracellular TIMP-1. Conclusions Altogether, TIMP-1 emerges as a modulator of neuronal outgrowth and morphology in a paracrine and autrocrine manner through the inhibition, at least in part, of MMP-2 and not MMP-9. These findings may help us understand the role of the MMP/TIMP system in post-lesion pre-scarring conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adlane Ould-yahoui
- Neurobiologie des Interactions Cellulaires et Neurophysiopathologie (NICN), UMR 6184, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Evelyne Tremblay
- Neurobiologie des Interactions Cellulaires et Neurophysiopathologie (NICN), UMR 6184, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Oualid Sbai
- Neurobiologie des Interactions Cellulaires et Neurophysiopathologie (NICN), UMR 6184, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Lotfi Ferhat
- Neurobiologie des Interactions Cellulaires et Neurophysiopathologie (NICN), UMR 6184, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Bernard
- Neurobiologie des Interactions Cellulaires et Neurophysiopathologie (NICN), UMR 6184, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Eliane Charrat
- Neurobiologie des Interactions Cellulaires et Neurophysiopathologie (NICN), UMR 6184, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Yatma Gueye
- Neurobiologie des Interactions Cellulaires et Neurophysiopathologie (NICN), UMR 6184, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Ngee Han Lim
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, Imperial College of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Brew
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jean-Jacques Risso
- Département de Recherche Marine et Subaquatique, IMNSSA, UMR MD2 PPCOE, Université de la Méditerranée, Toulon Armées, France
| | - Vincent Dive
- Département d'Ingénierie et d'Etudes des Protéines (DIEP), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Michel Khrestchatisky
- Neurobiologie des Interactions Cellulaires et Neurophysiopathologie (NICN), UMR 6184, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Santiago Rivera
- Neurobiologie des Interactions Cellulaires et Neurophysiopathologie (NICN), UMR 6184, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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22
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Nguyen L, He Q, Meiri KF. Regulation of GAP-43 at serine 41 acts as a switch to modulate both intrinsic and extrinsic behaviors of growing neurons, via altered membrane distribution. Mol Cell Neurosci 2009; 41:62-73. [PMID: 19249369 PMCID: PMC2795319 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2009.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Revised: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 01/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
GAP-43 is the major neuronal substrate of protein kinase C (PKC). Its phosphorylation status dictates the severity of pathfinding errors by GAP-43 (+/-) growth cones in vivo, as well as its modulation of actin dynamics in vitro. These experiments show that stably overexpressing cDNAs mutant at its single PKC phosphorylation site at serine41 in retinoic acid treated SH-Sy5Y neuroblastoma cells regulates intrinsic and extrinsic behaviors of growing neurons. Intrinsically, only Wt and pseudophosphorylated GAP-43Ser41Asp precipitated with F-actin and potentiated F-actin - regulated filopodia formation. GAP-43Ser41Asp inhibited neurite outgrowth whereas only unphosphorylatable GAP-43Ser41Ala precipitated neurotubulin, potentiated neurotubulin accumulation in neurites and increased outgrowth. When PI3-kinase was inhibited GAP-43Ser41Asp-mediated filopodia formation was inhibited whereas GAP-43Ser41Ala-mediated neurite extension was potentiated. Extrinsically, only Wt and GAP-43Ser41Asp potentiated both homotypic adhesion and neurite outgrowth on NCAM-expressing monolayers and promoted NCAM stability. With respect to the underlying mechanism, more F-actin and NCAM colocalized with Wt and GAP-43Ser41Asp in detergent resistant membranes (DRMs) isolated from live cells and GAP-43Ser41Asp-mediated functions were insensitive to cholesterol depletion. In contrast, GAP-43Ser41Ala-mediated functions were sensitive to cholesterol depletion. Neither GAP-43Ser41Asp nor GAP-43Ser41Ala was able to protect against growth cone collapse mediated by PIP2 inhibitors. The results show that modification of GAP-43 at its PKC phosphorylation site directs its distribution to different membrane microdomains that have distinct roles in the regulation of intrinsic and extrinsic behaviors in growing neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilly Nguyen
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Ethanol inhibits neuronal differentiation by disrupting activity-dependent neuroprotective protein signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:19962-7. [PMID: 19047645 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0807758105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which ethanol damages the developing and adult central nervous system (CNS) remain unclear. Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) is a glial protein that protects the CNS against a wide array of insults and is critical for CNS development. NAPVSIPQ (NAP), a potent active fragment of ADNP, potentiated axon outgrowth in cerebellar granule neurons by activating the sequential tyrosine phosphorylation of Fyn kinase and the scaffold protein Crk-associated substrate (Cas). Pharmacological inhibition of Fyn kinase or expression of a Fyn kinase siRNA abolished NAP-mediated axon outgrowth. Concentrations of ethanol attained after social drinking blocked NAP-mediated axon outgrowth (IC(50) = 17 mM) by inhibiting NAP activation of Fyn kinase and Cas. These findings identify a mechanism for ADNP regulation of glial-neuronal interactions in developing cerebellum and a pathogenesis of ethanol neurotoxicity.
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Naumanen T, Johansen LD, Coffey ET, Kallunki T. Loss-of-function of IKAP/ELP1: could neuronal migration defect underlie familial dysautonomia? Cell Adh Migr 2008; 2:236-9. [PMID: 19262150 DOI: 10.4161/cam.2.4.6630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial dysautonomia (FD) is a hereditary neuronal disease characterized by poor development and progressive degeneration of the sensory and autonomic nervous system. Majority of FD (99.5%) results from a single nucleotide point mutation in the IKBKAP gene encoding IKAP, also known as elongation protein 1 (ELP1). The point mutation leads to variable, tissue specific expression of a truncated IKBKAP mRNA. The appearance of the truncated IKBKAP coincides with a marked reduction of its wild type mRNA leading to decreased IKAP protein levels especially in the sensory and autonomous nervous system. Recently, two independent studies were carried out to establish a cellular model system to study the loss-of-function of IKAP in mammalian cells. Both studies used RNA interference to deplete wild type IKAP from different mammalian cell types. In both studies the depletion of IKAP resulted in a cell migration defect, revealing the importance of IKAP in this process. These studies lead to a common conclusion according to which defective neuronal migration could underlie FD. They gave however two very different explanations of how IKAP would regulate cell migration: via transcriptional regulation and via cytosolic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Naumanen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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