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Stathaki M, Armakolas A, Dimakakos A, Kaklamanis L, Vlachos I, Konstantoulakis MM, Zografos G, Koutsilieris M. Kisspeptin effect on endothelial monocyte activating polypeptide II (EMAP-II)-associated lymphocyte cell death and metastases in colorectal cancer patients. Mol Med 2014; 20:80-92. [PMID: 24395571 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2013.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptin is an antimetastatic agent in some cancers that has also been associated with lymphoid cell apoptosis, a phenomenon favoring metastases. Our aim was to determine the association of kisspeptin with lymphocyte apoptosis and the presence of metastases in colorectal cancer patients. Blood was drawn from 69 colon cancer patients and 20 healthy volunteers. Tissue specimens from healthy and pathological tissue were immunohistochemically analyzed for kisspeptin and endothelial monocyte activating polypeptide II (EMAP-II) expression. Blood EMAP-II and soluble Fas ligand (sFasL) levels were examined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The kisspeptin and EMAP-II expression and secretion levels in the DLD-1 and HT-29 colon cancer cell lines were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, whereas lymphocyte viability was assessed by flow cytometry. The effect of kisspeptin on the viability of colon cancer cells was examined by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide]. Exogenous, synthetic and naturally produced, kisspeptin induces through the G-protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54; also known as the kisspeptin receptor) the EMAP-II expression and secretion in colon cancer cell lines, inducing in vitro lymphocyte apoptosis, as verified by the use of an anti-EMAP-II antibody. These results were reversed with the use of kisspeptin inhibitors and by kisspeptin-silencing experiments. Tumor kisspeptin expression was associated with the tumor EMAP-II expression (p < 0.001). Elevated kisspeptin and EMAP-II expression in colon cancer tissues was associated with lack of metastases (p < 0.001) in colon cancer patients. These data indicate the antimetastatic effect of tumor-elevated kisspeptin in colon cancer patients that may be mediated by the effect of kisspeptin on EMAP-II expression in colon cancer tumors in patients with normal serum EMAP-II levels. These findings provide new insight into the role of kisspeptin in the context of metastases in colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Stathaki
- First Propadeutic Surgical Clinic, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece Physiology Laboratory, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Armakolas
- Physiology Laboratory, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Dimakakos
- Physiology Laboratory, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Ioannis Vlachos
- Physiology Laboratory, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Manoussos M Konstantoulakis
- First Propadeutic Surgical Clinic, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Zografos
- First Propadeutic Surgical Clinic, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Physiology Laboratory, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Liu F, Wen B, Kayser M. Colorful DNA polymorphisms in humans. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2013; 24:562-75. [PMID: 23587773 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this review article we summarize current knowledge on how variation on the DNA level influences human pigmentation including color variation of iris, hair, and skin. We review recent progress in the field of human pigmentation genetics by focusing on the genes and DNA polymorphisms discovered to be involved in determining human pigmentation traits, their association with diseases particularly skin cancers, and their power to predict human eye, hair, and skin colors with potential utilization in forensic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- Department of Forensic Molecular Biology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Henri P, Beaumel S, Guezennec A, Poumès C, Stoebner PE, Stasia MJ, Guesnet J, Martinez J, Meunier L. MC1R expression in HaCaT keratinocytes inhibits UVA-induced ROS production via NADPH oxidase- and cAMP-dependent mechanisms. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:2578-85. [PMID: 21898403 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet A (UVA) radiations are responsible for deleterious effects, mainly due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) binds to melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) in melanocytes to stimulate pigmentation and modulate cutaneous inflammatory responses. MC1R may be induced in keratinocytes after UV exposure. To investigate the effect of MC1R signaling on UVA-induced ROS (UVA-ROS) production, we generated HaCaT cells that stably express human MC1R (HaCaT-MC1R) or the Arg151Cys (R(151)C) non-functional variant (HaCaT-R(151)C). We then assessed ROS production immediately after UVA exposure and found that: (1) UVA-ROS production was strongly reduced in HaCaT-MC1R but not in HaCaT-R(151)C cells compared to parental HaCaT cells; (2) this inhibitory effect was further amplified by incubation of HaCaT-MC1R cells with α-MSH before UVA exposure; (3) protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent NoxA1 phosphorylation was increased in HaCaT-MC1R compared to HaCaT and HaCaT-R(151)C cells. Inhibition of PKA in HaCaT-MC1R cells resulted in a marked increase of ROS production after UVA irradiation; (4) the ability of HaCaT-MC1R cells to produce UVA-ROS was restored by inhibiting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) activity before UVA exposure. Our findings suggest that constitutive activity of MC1R in keratinocytes may reduce UVA-induced oxidative stress via EGFR and cAMP-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Henri
- Institute of Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM), University Montpellier I and II, UMR CNRS 5247, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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