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Martarelli N, Capurro M, Mansour G, Jahromi RV, Stella A, Rossi R, Longetti E, Bigerna B, Gentili M, Rosseto A, Rossi R, Cencini C, Emiliani C, Martino S, Beeg M, Gobbi M, Tiacci E, Falini B, Morena F, Perriello VM. Artificial Intelligence-Powered Molecular Docking and Steered Molecular Dynamics for Accurate scFv Selection of Anti-CD30 Chimeric Antigen Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7231. [PMID: 39000338 PMCID: PMC11242627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells represent a revolutionary immunotherapy that allows specific tumor recognition by a unique single-chain fragment variable (scFv) derived from monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). scFv selection is consequently a fundamental step for CAR construction, to ensure accurate and effective CAR signaling toward tumor antigen binding. However, conventional in vitro and in vivo biological approaches to compare different scFv-derived CARs are expensive and labor-intensive. With the aim to predict the finest scFv binding before CAR-T cell engineering, we performed artificial intelligence (AI)-guided molecular docking and steered molecular dynamics analysis of different anti-CD30 mAb clones. Virtual computational scFv screening showed comparable results to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and functional CAR-T cell in vitro and in vivo assays, respectively, in terms of binding capacity and anti-tumor efficacy. The proposed fast and low-cost in silico analysis has the potential to advance the development of novel CAR constructs, with a substantial impact on reducing time, costs, and the need for laboratory animal use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Martarelli
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University of Perugia and Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (N.M.); (M.C.); (R.V.J.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (E.L.); (B.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (E.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Michela Capurro
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University of Perugia and Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (N.M.); (M.C.); (R.V.J.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (E.L.); (B.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (E.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Gizem Mansour
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milano, Italy; (G.M.); (M.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Ramina Vossoughi Jahromi
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University of Perugia and Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (N.M.); (M.C.); (R.V.J.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (E.L.); (B.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (E.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Arianna Stella
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University of Perugia and Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (N.M.); (M.C.); (R.V.J.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (E.L.); (B.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (E.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Roberta Rossi
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University of Perugia and Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (N.M.); (M.C.); (R.V.J.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (E.L.); (B.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (E.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Emanuele Longetti
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University of Perugia and Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (N.M.); (M.C.); (R.V.J.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (E.L.); (B.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (E.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Barbara Bigerna
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University of Perugia and Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (N.M.); (M.C.); (R.V.J.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (E.L.); (B.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (E.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Marco Gentili
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University of Perugia and Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (N.M.); (M.C.); (R.V.J.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (E.L.); (B.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (E.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Ariele Rosseto
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University of Perugia and Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (N.M.); (M.C.); (R.V.J.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (E.L.); (B.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (E.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Riccardo Rossi
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University of Perugia and Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (N.M.); (M.C.); (R.V.J.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (E.L.); (B.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (E.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Chiara Cencini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnologies, Via del Giochetto, University of Perugia, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (C.C.); (C.E.); (S.M.)
| | - Carla Emiliani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnologies, Via del Giochetto, University of Perugia, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (C.C.); (C.E.); (S.M.)
| | - Sabata Martino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnologies, Via del Giochetto, University of Perugia, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (C.C.); (C.E.); (S.M.)
| | - Marten Beeg
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milano, Italy; (G.M.); (M.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milano, Italy; (G.M.); (M.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Enrico Tiacci
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University of Perugia and Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (N.M.); (M.C.); (R.V.J.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (E.L.); (B.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (E.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Brunangelo Falini
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University of Perugia and Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (N.M.); (M.C.); (R.V.J.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (E.L.); (B.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (E.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Francesco Morena
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnologies, Via del Giochetto, University of Perugia, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (C.C.); (C.E.); (S.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Maria Perriello
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University of Perugia and Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (N.M.); (M.C.); (R.V.J.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (E.L.); (B.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (E.T.); (B.F.)
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Jahandar-Lashaki S, Farajnia S, Faraji-Barhagh A, Hosseini Z, Bakhtiyari N, Rahbarnia L. Phage Display as a Medium for Target Therapy Based Drug Discovery, Review and Update. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01195-6. [PMID: 38822912 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Phage libraries are now amongst the most prominent approaches for the identification of high-affinity antibodies/peptides from billions of displayed phages in a specific library through the biopanning process. Due to its ability to discover potential therapeutic candidates that bind specifically to targets, phage display has gained considerable attention in targeted therapy. Using this approach, peptides with high-affinity and specificity can be identified for potential therapeutic or diagnostic use. Furthermore, phage libraries can be used to rapidly screen and identify novel antibodies to develop immunotherapeutics. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved several phage display-derived peptides and antibodies for the treatment of different diseases. In the current review, we provided a comprehensive insight into the role of phage display-derived peptides and antibodies in the treatment of different diseases including cancers, infectious diseases and neurological disorders. We also explored the applications of phage display in targeted drug delivery, gene therapy, and CAR T-cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Jahandar-Lashaki
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Safar Farajnia
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Aref Faraji-Barhagh
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Hosseini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nasim Bakhtiyari
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Rahbarnia
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Moazzeni A, Kheirandish M, Khamisipour G, Rahbarizadeh F. Directed targeting of B-cell maturation antigen-specific CAR T cells by bioinformatic approaches: From in-silico to in-vitro. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152376. [PMID: 37058845 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell is a breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy. The primary step of successful CAR T cell therapy is designing a specific single-chain fragment variable (scFv). This study aims to verify the designed anti-BCMA (B cell maturation antigen) CAR using bioinformatic techniques with the following experimental evaluations. MAIN METHODS Following the second generation of anti-BCMA CAR designing, the protein structure, function prediction, physicochemical complementarity at the ligand-receptor interface, and biding sites analysis of anti-BCMA CAR construct were confirmed using different modeling and docking server, including Expasy, I-TASSER, HDock, and PyMOL software. To generate CAR T-cells, isolated T cells were transduced. Then, anti-BCMA CAR mRNA and its surface expression were confirmed by real-time -PCR and flow cytometry methods, respectively. To evaluate the surface expression of anti-BCMA CAR, anti-(Fab')2 and anti-CD8 antibodies were employed. Finally, anti-BCMA CAR T cells were co-cultured with BCMA+/- cell lines to assess the expression of CD69 and CD107a as activation and cytotoxicity markers. KEY FINDINGS In-silico results approved the suitable protein folding, perfect orientation, and correct locating of functional domains at the receptor-ligand binding site. The in-vitro results confirmed high expression of scFv (89 ± 1.15% (and CD8α (54 ± 2.88%). The expression of CD69 (91.97 ± 1.7%) and CD107a (92.05 ± 1.29%) were significantly increased, indicating appropriate activation and cytotoxicity. SIGNIFICANCE In-silico studies before experimental assessments are crucial for state-of-art CAR designing. Highly activation and cytotoxicity of anti-BCMA CAR T-cell revealed that our CAR construct methodology would be applicable to define the road map of CAR T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Moazzeni
- Immunology Department, Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine (IBTO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Kheirandish
- Immunology Department, Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine (IBTO), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Khamisipour
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Cienfuegos-Jimenez O, Vazquez-Garza E, Rojas-Martinez A. CAR-NK Cells for Cancer Therapy: Molecular Redesign of the Innate Antineoplastic Response. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 22:303-318. [PMID: 34923939 DOI: 10.2174/1566523222666211217091724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) has arisen as a powerful synthetic biology-based technology with demonstrated versatility for implementation in T and NK cells. Despite CAR T cell successes in clinical trials, several challenges remain to be addressed regarding adverse events and long-term efficacy. NK cells present an attractive alternative with intrinsic advantages over T cells for treating solid and liquid tumors. Early preclinical and clinical trials suggest at least two major advantages: improved safety and an off-the-shelf application in patients due to its HLA independence. Due to the early stages of CAR NK translation to clinical trials, limited data is currently available. By analyzing these results, it seems that CAR NK cells could offer a reduced probability of Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) or Graft versus Host Disease (GvHD) in cancer patients, reducing safety concerns. Furthermore, NK cell therapy approaches may be boosted by combining it with immunological checkpoint inhibitors and by implementing genetic circuits to direct CAR-bearing cell behavior. This review provides a description of the CAR technology for modifying NK cells and the translation from preclinical studies to early clinical trials in this new field of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Cienfuegos-Jimenez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Monterrey, CP64710, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Vazquez-Garza
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Monterrey, CP64710, Mexico
| | - Augusto Rojas-Martinez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Monterrey, CP64710, Mexico
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