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Singh S, Aparna, Sharma N, Gupta J, Kyada A, Nathiya D, Behl T, Gupta S, Anwer MK, Gulati M, Sachdeva M. Application of nano- and micro-particle-based approaches for selected bronchodilators in management of asthma. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:208. [PMID: 39184911 PMCID: PMC11343956 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the airways, posing a substantial health threat to a large number of people worldwide. Bronchodilators effectively alleviate symptoms of airway obstruction by inducing relaxation of the smooth muscles in the airways, thereby reducing breathlessness and enhancing overall quality of life. The drug targeting to lungs poses significant challenges; however, this issue can be resolved by employing nano- and micro-particles drug delivery systems. This review provides brief insights about underlying mechanisms of asthma, including the role of several inflammatory mediators that contribute to the development and progression of this disease. This article provides an overview of the physicochemical features, pharmacokinetics, and mechanism of action of particular groups of bronchodilators, including sympathomimetics, PDE-4 inhibitors (phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors), methylxanthines, and anticholinergics. This study presents a detailed summary of the most recent developments in incorporation of bronchodilators in nano- and micro-particle-based delivery systems which include solid lipid nanoparticles, bilosomes, novasomes, liposomes, polymeric nano- and micro-particles. Specifically, it focuses on breakthroughs in the categories of sympathomimetics, methylxanthines, PDE-4 inhibitors, and anticholinergics. These medications have the ability to specifically target alveolar macrophages, leading to a higher concentration of pharmaceuticals in the lung tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133207 Haryana India
| | - Aparna
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133207 Haryana India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133207 Haryana India
| | - Jitendra Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Ashishkumar Kyada
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Marwadi University Research Center, Marwadi University, Rajkot, 360003 Gujarat India
| | - Deepak Nathiya
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University, Rajasthan, Jaipur India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Amity School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amity University, Punjab, India
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133207 Haryana India
| | - Md. Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942 Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 1444411 Punjab India
- Faculty of Health, ARCCIM, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 20227 Australia
| | - Monika Sachdeva
- Fatima College of Health Sciences, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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