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Lee S, Joo Y, Lee EJ, Byeon Y, Kim JH, Pyo KH, Kim YS, Lim SM, Kilbride P, Iyer RK, Li M, French MC, Lee JY, Kang J, Byun H, Cho BC. Successful expansion and cryopreservation of human natural killer cell line NK-92 for clinical manufacturing. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294857. [PMID: 38394177 PMCID: PMC10889882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have recently shown renewed promise as therapeutic cells for use in treating hematologic cancer indications. Despite this promise, NK cell manufacturing workflows remain largely manual, open, and disconnected, and depend on feeders, as well as outdated unit operations or processes, often utilizing research-grade reagents. Successful scale-up of NK cells critically depends on the availability and performance of nutrient-rich expansion media and cryopreservation conditions that are conducive to high cell viability and recovery post-thaw. In this paper we used Cytiva hardware and media to expand the NK92 cell line in a model process that is suitable for GMP and clinical manufacturing of NK cells. We tested a range of cryopreservation factors including cooling rate, a range of DMSO-containing and DMSO-free cryoprotectants, ice nucleation, and cell density. Higher post-thaw recovery was seen in cryobags over cryovials cooled in identical conditions, and cooling rates of 1°C/min or 2°C/min optimal for cryopreservation in DMSO-containing and DMSO-free cryoprotectants respectively. Higher cell densities of 5x107 cells/ml gave higher post-thaw viability than those cryopreserved at either 1x106 or 5x106 cells/ml. This enabled us to automate, close and connect unit operations within the workflow while demonstrating superior expansion and cryopreservation of NK92 cells. Cellular outputs and performance were conducive to clinical dosing regimens, serving as a proof-of-concept for future clinical and commercial manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yunjoo Joo
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ji Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngseon Byeon
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Pyo
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Seob Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Min Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Peter Kilbride
- Global Life Sciences Solutions, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rohin K. Iyer
- Global Life Sciences Solutions USA LLC 100 Results Way, Marlborough, MA, United States of America
| | - Mingming Li
- Global Life Sciences Solutions Singapore Pte. Ltd., HarbourFront Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mandy C. French
- Global Life Sciences Technologies (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai Municipality, Shanghai, China
| | - Jung-Yub Lee
- Global Life Sciences Solutions Korea Limited 5F, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeeheon Kang
- Global Life Sciences Solutions Korea Limited 5F, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyesin Byun
- Global Life Sciences Solutions Korea Limited 5F, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung Chul Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Grosha J, Cho JH, Pasley S, Kilbride P, Zylberberg C, Rolle MW. Engineered Test Tissues: A Model for Quantifying the Effects of Cryopreservation Parameters. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6198-6207. [PMID: 37802599 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Engineered tissues are showing promise as implants to repair or replace damaged tissues in vivo or as in vitro tools to discover new therapies. A major challenge of the tissue engineering field is the sample preservation and storage until their transport and desired use. To successfully cryopreserve tissue, its viability, structure, and function must be retained post-thaw. The outcome of cryopreservation is impacted by several parameters, including the cryopreserving agent (CPA) utilized, the cooling rate, and the storage temperature. Although a number of CPAs are commercially available for cell cryopreservation, there are few CPAs designed specifically for tissue cryostorage and recovery. In this study, we present a flexible, relatively high-throughput method that utilizes engineered tissue rings as test tissues for screening the commercially available CPAs and cryopreservation parameters. Engineered test tissues can be fabricated with low batch-to-batch variability and characteristic morphology due to their endogenous extracellular matrix, and they have mechanical properties and a ring format suitable for testing with standard methods. The tissues were grown for 7 days in standard 48-well plates and cryopreserved in standard cryovials. The method allowed for the quantification of metabolic recovery, tissue apoptosis/necrosis, morphology, and mechanical properties. In addition to establishing the method, we tested different CPA formulations, freezing rates, and freezing points. Our proposed method enables timely preliminary screening of CPA formulations and cryopreservation parameters that may improve the storage of engineered tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonian Grosha
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
| | - Jun-Hung Cho
- Akron Biotech, Boca Raton, Florida 33487, United States
| | | | | | | | - Marsha W Rolle
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
- The Roux Institute, Northeastern University, Portland, Maine 04101, United States
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Pezo F, Zambrano F, Uribe P, de Andrade AFC, Sánchez R. Slow Freezing of Preserved Boar Sperm: Comparison of Conventional and Automated Techniques on Post-Thaw Functional Quality by a New Combination of Sperm Function Tests. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2826. [PMID: 37760225 PMCID: PMC10525940 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The slow freezing of boar sperm is the only way to preserve genetic material for extended periods; this can be achieved with exposure to liquid nitrogen vapors (conventional) or by using automated freezing equipment. The aim was to compare the effect of both techniques on post-thaw functionality. Boar sperm devoid of seminal plasma and resuspended in lactose-egg yolk-glycerol medium were cryopreserved. Conventional: straws were exposed to LN2 vapors; automated: using a drop curve of -39.82 °C·min-1 for 113 s from -5 to -80 °C during the critical period; and subsequent immersion in NL2. Cell viability, cholesterol flow, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), lipid peroxidation, peroxynitrite, superoxide anion levels, phosphatidylserine translocation, and caspase activation were evaluated by flow cytometry. In addition, total motility (TM) and progressive motility (PM) were determined by the SCA system immediately (T0), 60 (T60), and 120 min (T120) post-thawing. Automated freezing significantly reduces cholesterol flow and free radical and lipid peroxidation levels, making it possible to preserve motility for 120 min of incubation. At the same time, viability, acrosome integrity, MMP, and caspase activation did not differ from the conventional technique. In conclusion, controlling the temperature drop curve using automated freezing equipment reduces oxidative/nitrosative stress, preserving membrane fluidity and sperm motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Pezo
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales y Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Santo Tomas, Santiago 8370003, Chile;
| | - Fabiola Zambrano
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiopathology, Center for Translational Medicine (CEMT-BIOREN), Temuco 4811230, Chile; (F.Z.); (P.U.)
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Pamela Uribe
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiopathology, Center for Translational Medicine (CEMT-BIOREN), Temuco 4811230, Chile; (F.Z.); (P.U.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - André Furugen Cesar de Andrade
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Raúl Sánchez
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiopathology, Center for Translational Medicine (CEMT-BIOREN), Temuco 4811230, Chile; (F.Z.); (P.U.)
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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Daily MI, Whale TF, Kilbride P, Lamb S, John Morris G, Picton HM, Murray BJ. A highly active mineral-based ice nucleating agent supports in situ cell cryopreservation in a high throughput format. J R Soc Interface 2023; 20:20220682. [PMID: 36751925 PMCID: PMC9905984 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation of biological matter in microlitre scale volumes of liquid would be useful for a range of applications. At present, it is challenging because small volumes of water tend to supercool, and deep supercooling is known to lead to poor post-thaw cell viability. Here, we show that a mineral ice nucleator can almost eliminate supercooling in 100 µl liquid volumes during cryopreservation. This strategy of eliminating supercooling greatly enhances cell viability relative to cryopreservation protocols with uncontrolled ice nucleation. Using infrared thermography, we demonstrate a direct relationship between the extent of supercooling and post-thaw cell viability. Using a mineral nucleator delivery system, we open the door to the routine cryopreservation of mammalian cells in multiwell plates for applications such as high throughput toxicology testing of pharmaceutical products and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin I. Daily
- Institute of Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Thomas F. Whale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | | | | | - Helen M. Picton
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Benjamin J. Murray
- Institute of Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Gallichotte EN, Dobos KM, Ebel GD, Hagedorn M, Rasgon JL, Richardson JH, Stedman TT, Barfield JP. Towards a method for cryopreservation of mosquito vectors of human pathogens. Cryobiology 2021; 99:1-10. [PMID: 33556359 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases are responsible for millions of human deaths every year, posing a massive burden on global public health. Mosquitoes transmit a variety of bacteria, parasites and viruses. Mosquito control efforts such as insecticide spraying can reduce mosquito populations, but they must be sustained in order to have long term impacts, can result in the evolution of insecticide resistance, are costly, and can have adverse human and environmental effects. Technological advances have allowed genetic manipulation of mosquitoes, including generation of those that are still susceptible to insecticides, which has greatly increased the number of mosquito strains and lines available to the scientific research community. This generates an associated challenge, because rearing and maintaining unique mosquito lines requires time, money and facilities, and long-term maintenance can lead to adaptation to specific laboratory conditions, resulting in mosquito lines that are distinct from their wild-type counterparts. Additionally, continuous rearing of transgenic lines can lead to loss of genetic markers, genes and/or phenotypes. Cryopreservation of valuable mosquito lines could help circumvent these limitations and allow researchers to reduce the cost of rearing multiple lines simultaneously, maintain low passage number transgenic mosquitoes, and bank lines not currently being used. Additionally, mosquito cryopreservation could allow researchers to access the same mosquito lines, limiting the impact of unique laboratory or field conditions. Successful cryopreservation of mosquitoes would expand the field of mosquito research and could ultimately lead to advances that would reduce the burden of mosquito-borne diseases, possibly through rear-and-release strategies to overcome mosquito insecticide resistance. Cryopreservation techniques have been developed for some insect groups, including but not limited to fruit flies, silkworms and other moth species, and honeybees. Recent advances within the cryopreservation field, along with success with other insects suggest that cryopreservation of mosquitoes may be a feasible method for preserving valuable scientific and public health resources. In this review, we will provide an overview of basic mosquito biology, the current state of and advances within insect cryopreservation, and a proposed approach toward cryopreservation of Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N Gallichotte
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Karen M Dobos
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Gregory D Ebel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Mary Hagedorn
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Smithsonian Institution, Front Royal, VA, USA; Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, Kaneohe, HI, USA
| | - Jason L Rasgon
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Jennifer P Barfield
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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