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Safiarian M, Ugboya A, Khan I, Marichev KO, Grant KB. New Insights into the Phototoxicity of Anthracene-Based Chromophores: The Chloride Salt Effect†. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:1002-1020. [PMID: 37347986 PMCID: PMC10354805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Unraveling the causes underlying polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon phototoxicity is an essential step in understanding the harmful effects of these compounds in nature. Toward this end, we have studied the DNA interactions and photochemistry of N1-(anthracen-9-ylmethyl)ethane-1,2-diaminium dichloride in the presence and absence of NaF, KF, NaCl, KCl, NaBr, KBr, NaI, and KI (350 nm hν, pH 7.0). Exposing pUC19 plasmid to UV light in solutions containing 400 mM KCl formed significantly more direct strand breaks in DNA compared to no-salt control reactions. In contrast, NaCl increased DNA damage moderately, while the sodium(I) and potassium(I) fluoride, bromide, and iodide salts generally inhibited cleavage (I- > Br- > F-). A halide anion-induced heavy-atom effect was indicated by monitoring anthracene photodegradation and by employing the hydroxyl radical (•OH) probe hydroxyphenyl fluorescein (HPF). These studies revealed that among no-salt controls and the eight halide salts, only NaCl and KCl enabled the anthracene to photosensitize the production of high levels of DNA-damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pre-irradiation of N1-(anthracen-9-ylmethyl)ethane-1,2-diaminium dichloride at 350 nm increased the amounts of chloride salt-induced •OH detected by HPF in subsequent anthracene photoactivation experiments. Taking into consideration that •OH and other highly reactive ROS are extremely short-lived, this result suggests that the pre-irradiation step might lead to the formation of oxidized anthracene photoproducts that are exceedingly redox-active. The fluorometric probes HPF and Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green revealed that KCl concentrations ranging from 150 to 400 mM and from 100 to 400 mM, respectively, enhanced N1-(anthracen-9-ylmethyl)ethane-1,2-diaminium dichloride photosensitized •OH and singlet oxygen (1O2) production over no-salt controls. Considering the relatively high levels of Na+, K+, and Cl- ions that exist in the environment and in living organisms, our findings may be relevant to the phototoxic effects exhibited by anthracenes and other polycyclic hydrocarbons in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Imran Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Kostiantyn O. Marichev
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Kathryn B. Grant
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
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Sun J, Bai Y, Yu EY, Ding G, Zhang H, Duan M, Huang P, Zhang M, Jin H, Kwok RT, Li Y, Shan GG, Tang BZ, Wang H. Self-cleaning wearable masks for respiratory infectious pathogen inactivation by type I and type II AIE photosensitizer. Biomaterials 2022; 291:121898. [PMID: 36379162 PMCID: PMC9647237 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Although face masks as personal protective equipment (PPE) are recommended to control respiratory diseases with the on-going COVID-19 pandemic, improper handling and disinfection increase the risk of cross-contamination and compromise the effectiveness of PPE. Here, we prepared a self-cleaning mask based on a highly efficient aggregation-induced emission photosensitizer (TTCP-PF6) that can destroy pathogens by generating Type I and Type II reactive oxygen species (ROS). The respiratory pathogens, including influenza A virus H1N1 strain and Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) can be inactivated within 10 min of ultra-low power (20 W/m2) white light or simulated sunlight irradiation. This TTCP-PF6-based self-cleaning strategy can also be used against other airborne pathogens, providing a strategy for dealing with different microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yujie Bai
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Eric Y Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, China
| | - Guanyu Ding
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry and National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Haili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ming Duan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongli Jin
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ryan Tk Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Guo-Gang Shan
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry and National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China.
| | - Hualei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Díaz CF, Guzmán L, Jiménez VA, Alderete JB. Polyamidoamine dendrimers of the third generation–chlorin e6 nanoconjugates: Nontoxic hybrid polymers with photodynamic activity. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carola F. Díaz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Andres Bello Talcahuano Chile
| | - Leonardo Guzmán
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
| | - Verónica A. Jiménez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Andres Bello Talcahuano Chile
| | - Joel B. Alderete
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales Universidad de Talca Talca Chile
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Orsi D, Vaccari M, Baraldi A, Cristofolini L. A portable NIR fluorimeter directly quantifies singlet oxygen generated by nanostructures for Photodynamic Therapy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 265:120357. [PMID: 34534771 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on the setting up and calibration of a portable NIR fluorimeter specifically developed for quantitative direct detection of the highly reactive singlet oxygen (1O2) chemical specie, of great importance in Photodynamic therapies. This quantification relies on the measurement of fluorescence emission of 1O2, which is peaked in the near-infrared (NIR) at λ=1270nm. In recent years, several nanostructures capable of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) when activated by penetrating radiation (X-rays, NIR light) have been developed to apply Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) to tumours in deep tissue, where visible light cannot penetrate. A bottleneck in the characterization of these nanostructures is the lack of a fast and reliable technique to quantitatively assess their performances in generating ROS, and in particular 1O2. For instance, the widely used PDT "Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green" kit suffers from self-activation under X-ray irradiation. To solve this difficulty, we propose here direct detection of 1O2 by spectroscopic means, using an apparatus developed by us around a recent thermoelectrically-cooled InGaAs single photon avalanche photodiode (SPAD). The SPAD is coupled to a custom-made integrating sphere designed for use under irradiation with high-energy X-ray beams from clinical Radiotherapy sources. We determine the detection threshold for our apparatus, which turns to be ∼9·1081O2 in realistic experimental condition and for measurements extending to 1 min of integration. After calibrations on standard photosensitizers, we demonstrate the potentiality of this instrument characterizing some photosensitizing nanostructures developed by us.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Orsi
- Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Parma (IT), Italy.
| | - Marco Vaccari
- Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Parma (IT), Italy
| | - Andrea Baraldi
- Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Parma (IT), Italy
| | - Luigi Cristofolini
- Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Parma (IT), Italy.
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Yuan J, Ren TB, Xu S, Wang CJ, Zhang XB, Yuan L. A Unique Multifunctional Luminescent Probe for Self-Monitoring Photodynamic Therapy by Detecting H 2S in Cancer Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6016-6022. [PMID: 35006901 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing interest in photodynamic therapy (PDT), the assessment of the level of reactive oxygen species produced during PDT has also become increasingly important. However, most of the fluorescent probes for reactive oxygen species (ROS) evaluation were separated from photosensitizers in the PDT process, resulting in ex situ and asynchronous treatment feedback. Additionally, the consumption of ROS by these fluorescent probes themselves will inevitably affect the therapeutic effect. Herein, inspired by the redox balance in the cell, we developed a multifunctional hydrogen sulfide (H2S) probe Ru-NBD for reporting the therapeutic effect during the PDT process by detecting hydrogen sulfide. The probe Ru-NBD could not only serve as an effective PDT reagent both before and after H2S activation but could also be used for real-time and in situ monitoring of the therapeutic effect via restored luminescence during the PDT process. As the phototherapy process progresses, the luminescent signal of Ru-NBD changes accordingly. The experimental results show that there is a certain correlation between the luminescence intensity and the cell inhibition rate; thus, we can monitor the phototherapy process by detecting the changes in the probe's luminescent signal. This study provides an idea for the design and adjustment of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Tian-Bing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Shuai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Chun-Jiang Wang
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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Photo-enhanced antibacterial activity of polydopamine-curcumin nanocomposites with excellent photodynamic and photothermal abilities. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 35:102417. [PMID: 34186263 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background and objective Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) have gradually become options for select anti-tumor and antibacterial treatment . The combination of PDT and PTT show great research value, which may greatly improve the curative effect. The aim of the present study was to prepare a compound system of polydopamine and curcumin (PDA-Cur nanocomposites) with excellent antibacterial effect towards Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Methods Dopamine hydrochloride was oxidized and self polymerized in alkaline condition to form PDA-Cur nanocomposites. The structure and morphology of PDA-Cur were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser scattering microscopy (LSM), ultraviolet spectrophotometer (UV-vis), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and fluorescence emission spectrometer. Using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), 1,3-diphenylbenzofuran (DPBF) and 2',7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) were used to detect the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The thermal stability of PDA-Cur nanocomposites was investigated by temperature rising test. The antibacterial effect of PDA-Cur was determined by plate counting technique using Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) as models. In addition, the stability and antibacterial mechanism of PDA-Cur were investigated. Finally, the biocompatibility was evaluated by cytotoxicity and hemolysis tests. Results The compound system of polydopamine and curcumin was successfully prepared, which showed improved stability compared with Cur. The consumption of DPBF by the singlet oxygen produced by PDA-Cur was as high as 80%. In the heating test, the highest temperature increased to 59 °C, which contributed to the photodynamic and photothermal inactivation of bacteria. PDA-Cur nanocomposites showed good antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. Under 405 nm light, the bactericidal rate of PDA-Cur against S. aureus can reach 100% at a low concentration of 10-4 nM, and that against E. coli was 100% at 1 nM. Under 405 + 808 nm light, the bactericidal rate of PDA-Cur against E. coli enhanced to 100% at 0.1 nM. In addition, PDA-Cur had low cytotoxicity and negligible hemolytic activity, showing good biocompatibility. Conclusion PDA-Cur nanocomposites had good photodynamic effect, photo thermal conversion ability and biocompatibility. Compared with free Cur, the antibacterial activity of PDA-Cur was significantly improved, and the antibacterial effect with combined light was stronger than that of free Cur. Therefore, the construction of PDA-Cur nanocomposites have confirmed that the combination of PDT and PTT can greatly improve the antibacterial effect and reach bactericidal effect at low concentration, which provides a strategy for the design of next generation antimicrobial agents.
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Bresolí-Obach R, Frattini M, Abbruzzetti S, Viappiani C, Agut M, Nonell S. Tetramethylbenzidine: An Acoustogenic Photoacoustic Probe for Reactive Oxygen Species Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E5952. [PMID: 33096750 PMCID: PMC7590141 DOI: 10.3390/s20205952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging is attracting a great deal of interest owing to its distinct advantages over other imaging techniques such as fluorescence or magnetic resonance image. The availability of photoacoustic probes for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) could shed light on a plethora of biological processes mediated by these key intermediates. Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) is a non-toxic and non-mutagenic colorless dye that develops a distinctive blue color upon oxidation. In this work, we have investigated the potential of TMB as an acoustogenic photoacoustic probe for ROS/RNS. Our results indicate that TMB reacts with hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide to produce the blue oxidation product, while ROS, such as the superoxide radical anion, sodium peroxide, hydroxyl radical, or peroxynitrite, yield a colorless oxidation product. TMB does not penetrate the Escherichia coli cytoplasm but is capable of detecting singlet oxygen generated in its outer membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Bresolí-Obach
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (R.B.-O.); (M.F.); (M.A.)
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee (Leuven), Belgium
| | - Marcello Frattini
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (R.B.-O.); (M.F.); (M.A.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (S.A.); (C.V.)
| | - Stefania Abbruzzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (S.A.); (C.V.)
| | - Cristiano Viappiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (S.A.); (C.V.)
| | - Montserrat Agut
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (R.B.-O.); (M.F.); (M.A.)
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (R.B.-O.); (M.F.); (M.A.)
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