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Kalmer TL, Ancajas CMF, Cohen CI, McDaniel JM, Oyedele AS, Thirman HL, Walker AS. Statistical Coupling Analysis Predicts Correlated Motions in Dihydrofolate Reductase. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.18.599103. [PMID: 38948820 PMCID: PMC11213021 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.18.599103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The role of dynamics in enzymatic function is a highly debated topic. Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), due to its universality and the depth with which it has been studied, is a model system in this debate. Myriad previous works have identified networks of residues in positions near to and remote from the active site that are involved in dynamics and others that are important for catalysis. For example, specific mutations on the Met20 loop in E. coli DHFR (N23PP/S148A) are known to disrupt millisecond-timescale motions and reduce catalytic activity. However, how and if networks of dynamically coupled residues influence the evolution of DHFR is still an unanswered question. In this study, we first identify, by statistical coupling analysis and molecular dynamic simulations, a network of coevolving residues, which possess increased correlated motions. We then go on to show that allosteric communication in this network is selectively knocked down in N23PP/S148A mutant E. coli DHFR. Finally, we identify two sites in the human DHFR sector which may accommodate the Met20 loop double proline mutation while preserving dynamics. These findings strongly implicate protein dynamics as a driving force for evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L. Kalmer
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Cameron I. Cohen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jade M. McDaniel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Hannah L. Thirman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Chemical & Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Allison S. Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Canh Pham E, Truong TN. Design, Microwave-Assisted Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Evaluation, and In Silico Studies of Some 2-Naphthamide Derivatives as DHFR and VEGFR-2 Inhibitors. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:33614-33628. [PMID: 36157776 PMCID: PMC9494668 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Naphthamide is a common structural framework with diverse pharmacological activities. Ten novel 2-naphthamide derivatives have been designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities. The title compounds were synthesized from dimethoxybenzaldehyde derivatives through a four-step microwave-assisted synthesis process. The structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and MS spectra. Compound 8b showed good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis, Salmonella enterica, MSSA, and MRSA with MIC values of 16, 16, 16, 8, and 16 μg/mL, respectively, compared to ciprofloxacin (MIC = 8-16 μg/mL). Compounds 5b (IC50 = 3.59-8.38 μM) and 8b (IC50 = 2.97-7.12 μM) exhibited good cytotoxic activity against C26, HepG2, and MCF7 cancer cell lines as compared to paclitaxel (IC50 = 2.85-5.75 μM). Moreover, compounds 5b and 8b exhibited better anticancer activity than PTX against the C26 cell line. In particular, compound 8b showed potent in vitro VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity with the IC50 value of 0.384 μM compared with sorafenib (IC50 = 0.069 μM). Therefore, compound 8b is the most potent compound for anticancer activity as indicated by in vitro cell line inhibition, in silico ADMET, molecular docking, and in vitro VEGFR-2 inhibition studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Em Canh Pham
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hong Bang International University, 700000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tuyen Ngoc Truong
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 700000 Ho Chi Minh
City, Vietnam
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Zhao LN, Kaldis P. Pairing structural reconstruction with catalytic competence to evaluate the mechanisms of key enzymes in the folate-mediated one-carbon pathway. FEBS J 2022; 290:2279-2291. [PMID: 35303396 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian metabolism comprises a series of interlinking pathways that include two major cycles: the folate and methionine cycles. The folate-mediated metabolic cycle uses several oxidation states of tetrahydrofolate to carry activated one-carbon units to be readily used and interconverted within the cell. They are required for nucleotide synthesis, methylation and metabolism, and particularly for proliferation of cancer cells. Based on the latest progress in genome-wide CRISPR loss-of-function viability screening of 789 cell lines, we focus on the most cancer-dependent enzymes in this pathway, especially those that are hyperactivated in cancer, to provide new insight into the chemical basis for cancer drug development. Since the complete 3D structure of several of these enzymes of the one-carbon pathway in their active form are not available, we used homology modelling integrated with the interpretation of the reaction mechanism. In addition, have reconstructed the most likely scenario for the reactions taking place paired with their catalytic competence that provides a testable framework for this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Na Zhao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Philipp Kaldis
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Civera M, Moroni E, Sorrentino L, Vasile F, Sattin S. Chemical and Biophysical Approaches to Allosteric Modulation. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Civera
- Department of Chemistry Università degli Studi di Milano via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Elisabetta Moroni
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche Giulio Natta, SCITEC Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milan Italy
| | - Luca Sorrentino
- Department of Chemistry Università degli Studi di Milano via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Francesca Vasile
- Department of Chemistry Università degli Studi di Milano via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Sara Sattin
- Department of Chemistry Università degli Studi di Milano via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
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