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Ricci D, Demangel C. From Bacterial Toxin to Therapeutic Agent: The Unexpected Fate of Mycolactone. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:369. [PMID: 37368670 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15060369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
"Recognizing a surprising fact is the first step towards discovery." This famous quote from Louis Pasteur is particularly appropriate to describe what led us to study mycolactone, a lipid toxin produced by the human pathogen Mycobacterium ulcerans. M. ulcerans is the causative agent of Buruli ulcer, a neglected tropical disease manifesting as chronic, necrotic skin lesions with a "surprising" lack of inflammation and pain. Decades after its first description, mycolactone has become much more than a mycobacterial toxin. This uniquely potent inhibitor of the mammalian translocon (Sec61) helped reveal the central importance of Sec61 activity for immune cell functions, the spread of viral particles and, unexpectedly, the viability of certain cancer cells. We report in this review the main discoveries that marked our research into mycolactone, and the medical perspectives they opened up. The story of mycolactone is not over and the applications of Sec61 inhibition may go well beyond immunomodulation, viral infections, and oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ricci
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1224, Immunobiology and Therapy Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Caroline Demangel
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1224, Immunobiology and Therapy Unit, 75015 Paris, France
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Domenger A, Ricci D, Mayau V, Majlessi L, Marcireau C, Dadaglio G, Demangel C. Sec61 blockade therapy overrides resistance to proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs in multiple myeloma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1110916. [PMID: 36776330 PMCID: PMC9911829 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1110916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is an incurable neoplasm of mature B cells and the second most prevalent hematological malignancy worldwide. While combinations of proteasome inhibitors like bortezomib (Bz) and immunomodulators (IMiDs) like lenalinomide (Len) are generally effective in newly diagnosed patients, some do not respond to this first-line therapy, and all others will eventually become drug resistant. We previously reported that inhibiting the Sec61 translocon with mycolactone synergizes with Bz to induce terminal unfolded protein response in MM cells, irrespective of their resistance to proteasome inhibition. Here, we examined how Sec61 blockade interferes with IMiD action and whether it overrides resistance to Len. With this aim, we knocked out the IMiD target CRBN in the MM1S cell line and a Bz-resistant subclone to generate Len- and Len/Bz-resistant daughters, respectively. Both the Len- and Len/Bz-resistant clones were susceptible to mycolactone toxicity, especially the doubly resistant one. Notably, the synergy between mycolactone and Bz was maintained in these two clones, and mycolactone also synergized with Len in the two Len-susceptible ones. Further, mycolactone enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of the Bz/Len combination in both mice engrafted with parental or double drug resistant MM1S. Together, these data consolidate the interest of Sec61 blockers as new anti-MM agents and reveal their potential for treatment of refractory or relapsed MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Domenger
- Immunobiology and Therapy Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1224, Paris, France
| | - Daniela Ricci
- Immunobiology and Therapy Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1224, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Mayau
- Immunobiology and Therapy Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1224, Paris, France
| | - Laleh Majlessi
- Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Gilles Dadaglio
- Immunobiology and Therapy Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1224, Paris, France,*Correspondence: Gilles Dadaglio, ; Caroline Demangel,
| | - Caroline Demangel
- Immunobiology and Therapy Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1224, Paris, France,*Correspondence: Gilles Dadaglio, ; Caroline Demangel,
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Loukil A, Lalaoui R, Bogreau H, Regoui S, Drancourt M, Hammoudi N. Mycobacterium ulcerans Experimental Dormancy. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 107:tpmd211327. [PMID: 35405654 PMCID: PMC9294675 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-1327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether Mycobacterium ulcerans, the etiological agent of Buruli ulcer in numerous tropical countries, would exist in a dormant state as reported for closely related Mycobacterium species, has not been established. Six M. ulcerans strains were exposed to a progressive depletion in oxygen for 2 months, using the Wayne model of dormancy previously described for M. tuberculosis, and further examined by microscopy after staining of dynamic, dormant, and dead mycobacteria (DDD staining), microcalorimetry and subculture in the presence of dead and replicative M. ulcerans as controls. Mycobacterium ulcerans CU001 strain died during the progressive oxygen depletion and four of five remaining strains exhibited Nile red-stained intracellular lipid droplets and a 14- to 20-day regrowth when exposed to ambient air, consistent with dormancy. A fifth M. ulcerans 19423 strain stained negative in DDD staining and slowly regrew in 27 days. Three tested M. ulcerans strains yielded microcalorimetric pattern similar to that of the negative (dead) homologous controls, differing from that of the homologous positive (replicative) controls. The relevance of these experimental observations, suggesting a previously unreported dormancy state of M. ulcerans, warrants further investigations in the natural ecological niches where M. ulcerans thrive as well as in Buruli ulcer lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Loukil
- Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Rym Lalaoui
- Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Hervé Bogreau
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | | | - Michel Drancourt
- Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Nassim Hammoudi
- Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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