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Crombie EM, Korecki AJ, Cleverley K, Adair BA, Cunningham TJ, Lee WC, Lengyell TC, Maduro C, Mo V, Slade LM, Zouhair I, Fisher EMC, Simpson EM. Taf1 knockout is lethal in embryonic male mice and heterozygous females show weight and movement disorders. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050741. [PMID: 38804708 PMCID: PMC11261634 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The TATA box-binding protein-associated factor 1 (TAF1) is a ubiquitously expressed protein and the largest subunit of the basal transcription factor TFIID, which plays a key role in initiation of RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription. TAF1 missense variants in human males cause X-linked intellectual disability, a neurodevelopmental disorder, and TAF1 is dysregulated in X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism, a neurodegenerative disorder. However, this field has lacked a genetic mouse model of TAF1 disease to explore its mechanism in mammals and treatments. Here, we generated and validated a conditional cre-lox allele and the first ubiquitous Taf1 knockout mouse. We discovered that Taf1 deletion in male mice was embryonically lethal, which may explain why no null variants have been identified in humans. In the brains of Taf1 heterozygous female mice, no differences were found in gross structure, overall expression and protein localisation, suggesting extreme skewed X inactivation towards the non-mutant chromosome. Nevertheless, these female mice exhibited a significant increase in weight, weight with age, and reduced movement, suggesting that a small subset of neurons was negatively impacted by Taf1 loss. Finally, this new mouse model may be a future platform for the development of TAF1 disease therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa M. Crombie
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Andrea J. Korecki
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics at BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Karen Cleverley
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Bethany A. Adair
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics at BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | | | - Weaverly Colleen Lee
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Tess C. Lengyell
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics at BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Cheryl Maduro
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Victor Mo
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics at BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Liam M. Slade
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics at BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Ines Zouhair
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Elizabeth M. C. Fisher
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Elizabeth M. Simpson
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics at BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Agrawal P, Harish V, Mohd S, Singh SK, Tewari D, Tatiparthi R, Harshita, Vishwas S, Sutrapu S, Dua K, Gulati M. Role of CRISPR/Cas9 in the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy and its delivery strategies. Life Sci 2023; 330:122003. [PMID: 37544379 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular disorder brought on by mutations in the DMD gene, which prevent muscle cells from expressing the dystrophin protein. CRISPR/Cas9 technology has evolved as potential option to treat DMD due to its ability to permanently skip exons, restoring the disrupted DMD reading frame and leading to dystrophin restoration. Even though, having potential to treat DMD, the delivery, safety and efficacy of this technology is still challenging. Several delivery methods, including viral vectors, nanoparticles, and electroporation, have been explored to deliver CRISPR/Cas9 to the targeted cells. Despite the potential of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in the treatment of DMD, several limitations need to be addressed. The off-target effects of CRISPR/Cas9 are a major concern that needs to be addressed to avoid unintended mutations. The delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 to the target cells and the immune response due to the viral vectors used for delivery are a few other limitations. The clinical trials of CRISPR/Cas9 for DMD provide valuable insights into the safety and efficacy of this technology in humans and the limitations that need to be known. Therefore, in this review we insightfully discussed the challenges and limitations of CRISPR/Cas9 in the treatment of DMD and delivery strategies used, and the ongoing efforts to overcome these challenges and restore dystrophin expression in DMD patients in the ongoing trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Agrawal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Vancha Harish
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India.
| | - Sharfuddin Mohd
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Ramanjireddy Tatiparthi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Harshita
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Srinivas Sutrapu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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Ma L, Yang S, Peng Q, Zhang J, Zhang J. CRISPR/Cas9-based gene-editing technology for sickle cell disease. Gene 2023; 874:147480. [PMID: 37182559 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common monogenic hematologic disorder and is essentially congenital hemolytic anemia caused by an inherited point mutation in the β-globin on chromosome 11. Although the genetic basis of SCD was revealed as early as 1957, treatment options for SCD have been very limited to date. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was thought to hold promise as a cure for SCD, but the available donors were still only 15% useful. Gene therapy has advanced rapidly into the 21st century with the promise of a cure for SCD, and gene editing strategies based on the cluster-based regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat sequence (CRISPR)/Cas9 system have revolutionized the field of gene therapy by precisely targeting genes. In this paper, we review the pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches of SCD, briefly summarize the delivery strategies of CRISPR/Cas9, and finally discuss in depth the current status, application barriers, and solution directions of CRISPR/Cas9 in SCD. Through the review in this paper, we hope to provide some references for gene therapy in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Ma
- Department of Hematology, Meishan City People's Hospital, Meishan City, Sichuan Province 620000, China
| | - Shanglun Yang
- Department of Hematology, Meishan City People's Hospital, Meishan City, Sichuan Province 620000, China
| | - Qianya Peng
- Department of Hematology, Meishan City People's Hospital, Meishan City, Sichuan Province 620000, China
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Meishan City People's Hospital, Meishan City, Sichuan Province 620000, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Meishan City People's Hospital, Meishan City, Sichuan Province 620000, China.
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