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Karad SN, Saito H, Shimokawa J, Yorimitsu H. Regioselective Anti-Silyllithiation of Propargylic Alcohols. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3677-3683. [PMID: 36342367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Among the known hydrosilylation or carbosilylation conditions of alkynes, anti-addition of the two units across the triple bond is considered rare compared to the syn counterpart. For anti-silylative vicinal difunctionalizations, transition-metal catalysts, such as ruthenium or palladium complexes, are generally required. Accordingly, silyl alkali metals have not been employed for those anti-addition transformations. Here we demonstrate that silyllithiums can add across the triple bond of a series of propargylic alkoxides regioselectively in an anti-fashion. Upon treatment with a variety of electrophiles, the trisubstituted alkenyl lithium intermediates were transformed into highly functionalized β-silyl allylic alcohols with high regiocontrol, eventually providing tri- or tetrasubstituted alkenylsilanes stereoselectively. A classic trick for anti-addition with propargylic alkoxides has transformed anti-silylative functionalizations into a robust and reliable strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath N Karad
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hayate Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Jun Shimokawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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2
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Xu X, Gao A, Chen W, Xu X, Li J, Cui C. Lanthanum Ate Amide-Catalyzed Regio- and Stereoselective Hydrosilylation of Internal Alkynes. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ailin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wufeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiufang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunming Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Neveselý T, Wienhold M, Molloy JJ, Gilmour R. Advances in the E → Z Isomerization of Alkenes Using Small Molecule Photocatalysts. Chem Rev 2021; 122:2650-2694. [PMID: 34449198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Geometrical E → Z alkene isomerization is intimately entwined in the historical fabric of organic photochemistry and is enjoying a renaissance (Roth et al. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1989 28, 1193-1207). This is a consequence of the fundamental stereochemical importance of Z-alkenes, juxtaposed with frustrations in thermal reactivity that are rooted in microscopic reversibility. Accessing excited state reactivity paradigms allow this latter obstacle to be circumnavigated by exploiting subtle differences in the photophysical behavior of the substrate and product chromophores: this provides a molecular basis for directionality. While direct irradiation is operationally simple, photosensitization via selective energy transfer enables augmentation of the alkene repertoire to include substrates that are not directly excited by photons. Through sustained innovation, an impressive portfolio of tailored small molecule catalysts with a range of triplet energies are now widely available to facilitate contra-thermodynamic and thermo-neutral isomerization reactions to generate Z-alkene fragments. This review is intended to serve as a practical guide covering the geometric isomerization of alkenes enabled by energy transfer catalysis from 2000 to 2020, and as a logical sequel to the excellent treatment by Dugave and Demange (Chem. Rev. 2003 103, 2475-2532). The mechanistic foundations underpinning isomerization selectivity are discussed together with induction models and rationales to explain the counterintuitive directionality of these processes in which very small energy differences distinguish substrate from product. Implications for subsequent stereospecific transformations, application in total synthesis, regioselective polyene isomerization, and spatiotemporal control of pre-existing alkene configuration in a broader sense are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Neveselý
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Max Wienhold
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - John J Molloy
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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4
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Roberts DD, McLaughlin MG. Regioselective Synthesis of Multifunctional Allylic Amines; Access to Ambiphilic Aziridine Scaffolds. Org Lett 2021; 23:4463-4467. [PMID: 34018758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe, for the first time, a highly regioselective hydrosilylation of propargylic amines. The reaction utilizes a PtCl2/XantPhos catalyst system to deliver hydrosilanes across the alkyne to afford multifunctional allylic amines in high yields. The reaction is tolerant to a wide variety of functional groups and provides high value intermediates with two distinct functional handles. The synthetic applicability of the reaction has been shown through the synthesis of diverse ambiphilic aziridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean D Roberts
- Department of Natural Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M15GD, United Kingdom
| | - Mark G McLaughlin
- Department of Natural Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M15GD, United Kingdom
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Kong D, Hu B, Yang M, Gong D, Xia H, Chen D. Bis(phosphine)cobalt-Catalyzed Highly Regio- and Stereoselective Hydrosilylation of 1,3-Diynes. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Degong Kong
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bowen Hu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Yang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dawei Gong
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
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6
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Wang ZL, Zhang FL, Xu JL, Shan CC, Zhao M, Xu YH. Copper-Catalyzed Anti-Markovnikov Hydrosilylation of Terminal Alkynes. Org Lett 2020; 22:7735-7742. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Lu Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Feng-Lian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jian-Lin Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Cui-Cui Shan
- Department of Chemistry and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yun-He Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Puerta-Oteo R, Munarriz J, Polo V, Jiménez MV, Pérez-Torrente JJ. Carboxylate-Assisted β-(Z) Stereoselective Hydrosilylation of Terminal Alkynes Catalyzed by a Zwitterionic Bis-NHC Rhodium(III) Complex. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Puerta-Oteo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza−CSIC, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julen Munarriz
- Departamento de Química Física, Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Víctor Polo
- Departamento de Química Física, Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M. Victoria Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza−CSIC, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús J. Pérez-Torrente
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza−CSIC, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Garg B, Bisht T, Ling YC. A Hydrosilylation Approach to Silicon-Bridged Functional Dipyrromethanes: Introducing Silicon to A New Arena. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:66-71. [PMID: 31802638 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Two silylene-spaced ((E)-vinylsilyl)anthracene-dipyrromethane dyads have been designed and synthesized by RhCl(PPh3 )3 -catalyzed hydrosilylation reactions of 5-methyl-5'-(ethynylaryl)dipyrromethanes with (9-Anthryl)-dimethylsilane. The complexation studies of dyads toward different anions have also been performed, which reveal that dyads exhibit a highly selective response towards fluoride anion attributable to both hydrogen-bonding and pentacoordination phenomena. This dual-mode fluoride recognition event is unprecedented and may pave the way for future developments in the areas of porphyrinoids, organosilicon, polymer, and supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Garg
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Tanuja Bisht
- Department of Chemistry, Government Girls P. G. College, Haldwani, 263139, India
| | - Yong-Chien Ling
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
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Conifer C, Gunanathan C, Rinesch T, Hölscher M, Leitner W. Solvent-Free Hydrosilylation of Terminal Alkynes by Reaction with a Nonclassical Ruthenium Hydride Pincer Complex. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201403016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Calderone JA, Santos WL. Copper(II)-Catalyzed Silylation of Activated Alkynes in Water: Diastereodivergent Access toE- orZ-β-Silyl-α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl and Carboxyl Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201310695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Calderone JA, Santos WL. Copper(II)-catalyzed silylation of activated alkynes in water: diastereodivergent access to E- or Z-β-silyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl and carboxyl compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:4154-8. [PMID: 24532188 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Copper(II)-catalyzed silylation of substituted alkynylcarbonyl compounds was investigated. Through the activation of Me2 PhSiBpin in water at room temperature and open atmosphere, vinylsilanes conjugated to carbonyl groups are synthesized in high yield. A surprising diastereodivergent access to olefin geometry was discovered using a silyl conjugate addition strategy: aldehydes and ketones were Z selective while esters and amides were exclusively transformed into the E products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Calderone
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, 900 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061 (USA) http://www.santosgroup.chem.vt.edu
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12
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Zhou J, Chu J, Zhang Y, Yang G, Leng X, Chen Y. An Yttrium Hydride-Silane Complex as a Structural Model for a σ-Bond Metathesis Transition State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201300638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Zhou J, Chu J, Zhang Y, Yang G, Leng X, Chen Y. An Yttrium Hydride-Silane Complex as a Structural Model for a σ-Bond Metathesis Transition State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:4243-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201300638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Solomonsz WA, Rance GA, Suyetin M, La Torre A, Bichoutskaia E, Khlobystov AN. Controlling the Regioselectivity of the Hydrosilylation Reaction in Carbon Nanoreactors. Chemistry 2012; 18:13180-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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