1
|
Zoghi S, Masoumi F, Rezaei N. The immune system. Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818006-8.00005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
2
|
Hauser J, Grundström C, Kumar R, Grundström T. Regulated localization of an AID complex with E2A, PAX5 and IRF4 at the Igh locus. Mol Immunol 2016; 80:78-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
3
|
Wang W, Org T, Montel-Hagen A, Pioli PD, Duan D, Israely E, Malkin D, Su T, Flach J, Kurdistani SK, Schiestl RH, Mikkola HKA. MEF2C protects bone marrow B-lymphoid progenitors during stress haematopoiesis. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12376. [PMID: 27507714 PMCID: PMC4987520 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double strand break (DSB) repair is critical for generation of B-cell receptors, which are pre-requisite for B-cell progenitor survival. However, the transcription factors that promote DSB repair in B cells are not known. Here we show that MEF2C enhances the expression of DNA repair and recombination factors in B-cell progenitors, promoting DSB repair, V(D)J recombination and cell survival. Although Mef2c-deficient mice maintain relatively intact peripheral B-lymphoid cellularity during homeostasis, they exhibit poor B-lymphoid recovery after sub-lethal irradiation and 5-fluorouracil injection. MEF2C binds active regulatory regions with high-chromatin accessibility in DNA repair and V(D)J genes in both mouse B-cell progenitors and human B lymphoblasts. Loss of Mef2c in pre-B cells reduces chromatin accessibility in multiple regulatory regions of the MEF2C-activated genes. MEF2C therefore protects B lymphopoiesis during stress by ensuring proper expression of genes that encode DNA repair and B-cell factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Tonis Org
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Amélie Montel-Hagen
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Peter D Pioli
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Dan Duan
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Edo Israely
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Daniel Malkin
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Trent Su
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Johanna Flach
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Siavash K Kurdistani
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Robert H Schiestl
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Hanna K A Mikkola
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Harr JC, Luperchio TR, Wong X, Cohen E, Wheelan SJ, Reddy KL. Directed targeting of chromatin to the nuclear lamina is mediated by chromatin state and A-type lamins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 208:33-52. [PMID: 25559185 PMCID: PMC4284222 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201405110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear organization has been implicated in regulating gene activity. Recently, large developmentally regulated regions of the genome dynamically associated with the nuclear lamina have been identified. However, little is known about how these lamina-associated domains (LADs) are directed to the nuclear lamina. We use our tagged chromosomal insertion site system to identify small sequences from borders of fibroblast-specific variable LADs that are sufficient to target these ectopic sites to the nuclear periphery. We identify YY1 (Ying-Yang1) binding sites as enriched in relocating sequences. Knockdown of YY1 or lamin A/C, but not lamin A, led to a loss of lamina association. In addition, targeted recruitment of YY1 proteins facilitated ectopic LAD formation dependent on histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation and histone H3 lysine di- and trimethylation. Our results also reveal that endogenous loci appear to be dependent on lamin A/C, YY1, H3K27me3, and H3K9me2/3 for maintenance of lamina-proximal positioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Harr
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics, and Department of Oncology Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205 Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics, and Department of Oncology Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Teresa Romeo Luperchio
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics, and Department of Oncology Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205 Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics, and Department of Oncology Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Xianrong Wong
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics, and Department of Oncology Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205 Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics, and Department of Oncology Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Erez Cohen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics, and Department of Oncology Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205 Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics, and Department of Oncology Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Sarah J Wheelan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics, and Department of Oncology Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Karen L Reddy
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics, and Department of Oncology Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205 Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics, and Department of Oncology Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Roy AL, Roeder RG. Chromatin and transcriptional tango on the immune dance floor. Front Immunol 2015; 5:631. [PMID: 25566246 PMCID: PMC4266087 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ananda L Roy
- Programs in Immunology and Genetics, Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Robert G Roeder
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY , USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hauser J, Grundström C, Grundström T. Allelic exclusion of IgH through inhibition of E2A in a VDJ recombination complex. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:2460-70. [PMID: 24470503 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A key feature of the immune system is the paradigm that one lymphocyte has only one Ag specificity that can be selected for or against. This requires that only one of the alleles of genes for AgR chains is made functional. However, the molecular mechanism of this allelic exclusion has been an enigma. In this study, we show that B lymphocytes with E2A that cannot be inhibited by calmodulin are dramatically defective in allelic exclusion of the IgH locus. Furthermore, we provide data supporting that E2A, PAX5, and the RAGs are in a VDJ recombination complex bound to key sequences on the Igh gene. We show that pre-BCR activation releases the VDJ recombination complex through calmodulin binding to E2A. We also show that pre-BCR signaling downregulates several components of the recombination machinery, including RAG1, RAG2, and PAX5, through calmodulin inhibition of E2A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jannek Hauser
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Sandoval GJ, Graham DB, Gmyrek GB, Akilesh HM, Fujikawa K, Sammut B, Bhattacharya D, Srivatsan S, Kim A, Shaw AS, Yang-Iott K, Bassing CH, Duncavage E, Xavier RJ, Swat W. Novel mechanism of tumor suppression by polarity gene discs large 1 (DLG1) revealed in a murine model of pediatric B-ALL. Cancer Immunol Res 2013; 1:426-37. [PMID: 24778134 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-13-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster discs large (dlg) is an essential tumor suppressor gene (TSG) controlling epithelial cell growth and polarity of the fly imaginal discs in pupal development. A mammalian ortholog, Dlg1, is involved in embryonic urogenital morphogenesis, postsynaptic densities in neurons, and immune synapses in lymphocytes. However, a potential role for Dlg1 as a mammalian TSG is unknown. Here, we present evidence that loss of Dlg1 confers strong predisposition to the development of malignancies in a murine model of pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Using mice with conditionally deleted Dlg1 alleles, we identify a novel "pre-leukemic" stage of developmentally arrested early B-lineage cells marked by preeminent c-Myc expression. Mechanistically, we show that in B-lineage progenitors Dlg1 interacts with and stabilizes the PTEN protein, regulating its half-life and steady-state abundance. The loss of Dlg1 does not affect the level of PTEN mRNAs but results in a dramatic decrease in PTEN protein, leading to excessive phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling and proliferation. Our data suggest a novel model of tumor suppression by a PDZ domain-containing polarity gene in hematopoietic cancers.
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Chemical modifications to the DNA and histone protein components of chromatin can modulate gene expression and genome stability. Understanding the physiological impact of changes in chromatin structure remains an important question in biology. As one example, in order to generate antibody diversity with somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination, chromatin must be made accessible for activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)-mediated deamination of cytosines in DNA. These lesions are recognized and removed by various DNA repair pathways but, if not handled properly, can lead to formation of oncogenic chromosomal translocations. In this review, we focus the discussion on how chromatin-modifying activities and -binding proteins contribute to the native chromatin environment in which AID-induced DNA damage is targeted and repaired. Outstanding questions remain regarding the direct roles of histone posttranslational modifications and the significance of AID function outside of antibody diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A. Daniel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sandoval GJ, Graham DB, Bhattacharya D, Sleckman BP, Xavier RJ, Swat W. Cutting edge: cell-autonomous control of IL-7 response revealed in a novel stage of precursor B cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:2485-9. [PMID: 23420891 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
During early stages of B-lineage differentiation in bone marrow, signals emanating from IL-7R and pre-BCR are thought to synergistically induce proliferative expansion of progenitor cells. Paradoxically, loss of pre-BCR-signaling components is associated with leukemia in both mice and humans. Exactly how progenitor B cells perform the task of balancing proliferative burst dependent on IL-7 with the termination of IL-7 signals and the initiation of L chain gene rearrangement remains to be elucidated. In this article, we provide genetic and functional evidence that the cessation of the IL-7 response of pre-B cells is controlled via a cell-autonomous mechanism that operates at a discrete developmental transition inside Fraction C' (large pre-BII) marked by transient expression of c-Myc. Our data indicate that pre-BCR cooperates with IL-7R in expanding the pre-B cell pool, but it is also critical to control the differentiation program shutting off the c-Myc gene in large pre-B cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel J Sandoval
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Daniel JA, Nussenzweig A. Roles for histone H3K4 methyltransferase activities during immunoglobulin class-switch recombination. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2012; 1819:733-8. [PMID: 22710321 PMCID: PMC3378979 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2012.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Germ-line transcription of an antigen receptor gene segment is an essential feature of the targeting mechanism for DNA double-strand break formation during physiological DNA rearrangements in lymphocytes. Alterations in chromatin structure have long been postulated to regulate accessibility of recombinase activities for lymphocytes to generate antibody diversity; however, whether or not germ-line transcripts are the cause or the effect of chromatin changes at antigen receptor loci is still not clear. Methylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 is one of the most well-studied histone post-translational modifications yet we have only recently begun to understand the significance of the MLL-like H3K4 methyltransferase activities in lymphocyte function. While it is clear during lymphocyte development that H3K4me3 plays a critical role in targeting and stimulating RAG1/2 recombinase activity for V(D)J recombination, recent work suggests roles for this histone mark and different MLL-like complexes in mature B cells during immunoglobulin class-switch recombination. In this review, we focus our discussion to advances on how MLL-like complexes and H3K4 methylation may function during the germ-line transcription and recombinase targeting steps of class-switch recombination. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Chromatin in time and space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A. Daniel
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - André Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Herzog S, Jumaa H. Self-recognition and clonal selection: autoreactivity drives the generation of B cells. Curr Opin Immunol 2012; 24:166-72. [PMID: 22398125 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of B cell receptor (BCR) specificities is generated by VDJ recombination of gene segments during early B cell development, a process which bears the risk of producing BCRs that recognize and lead to the destruction of self-structures. Traditional thoughts have mainly focused on how such putatively dangerous specificities are dealt with and in how they contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases. However, a positive or even necessary role of self-recognition during B cell development has rarely been taken into account. Now, considerable data reveal that the pre-B cell receptor (pre-BCR), which marks an important checkpoint during B cell development, acts as a surrogate autoreactive receptor. This review outlines how autoreactivity is necessary for efficient B cell development and how autoreactive receptors drive positive selection, leading to a diverse repertoire of receptor specificities in the mature B cell pool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Herzog
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|