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Gou ZX, Zhou Y, Fan Y, Zhang F, Ning XM, Tang F, Lu LQ. Melatonin Improves Oxidative Stress Injury in Retinopathy of Prematurity by Targeting miR-23a-3p/Nrf2. Curr Eye Res 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39103986 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2024.2380433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Melatonin has promising protective effects for retinopathy. However, its roles in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We aimed to explore its roles and mechanisms in a ROP model. METHODS Hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to observe the morphology of the retina. Immunofluorescence was used to detect positive (Nrf2+ and VEGF+) cells. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the level of nuclear expression of PCNA in retinal tissue. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to observe the morphology and structure of pigment cells. qRT-PCR was used to assay the expression of miR-23a-3p, Nrf2, and HO-1. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, β-actin, and Lamin B1. RESULTS Melatonin or miR-23a-3p antagomir treatment could ameliorate the Oxygen-induced pathological changes, increased the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1, SOD, and GSH-Px, and decreased the expression of VEGF, miR-23a-3p, MDA and the apoptosis in the ROP model. Further target prediction and luciferase reporter assays confirmed the targeted binding relationship between miR-23a-3p and Nrf2. CONCLUSION Our study showed that melatonin could ameliorate H2O2-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress injury in RGC cells by mediating miR-23a-3p/Nrf2 signaling pathway, thereby improving retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xian Gou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yang Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Mei Ning
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Fei Tang
- Clinic Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Li-Qun Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
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Li M, Liu L, Qu C, Shi Y, Sun L, Zhou X, Zou J. Metabolomic Analysis in Corneal Lenticules From Contact Lens Wearers. J Refract Surg 2021; 36:317-325. [PMID: 32396643 DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20200312-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the mechanisms of pathological changes in corneal stroma and the wearing time of soft contact lenses using the metabolomic method. METHODS Laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to evaluate the pathological changes of corneal stroma between wearing time groups before small incision lenticule extraction. After small incision lenticule extraction, 190 corneal stroma samples were obtained, and a metabolomic method using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with time of flight mass spectrometry was established to analyze the changes in metabolites between wearing time groups. RESULTS Laser scanning confocal microscope results demonstrated that the corneal nerve fiber length, the number of corneal anterior stromal cells, and the number of corneal posterior stromal cells were reduced gradually with increasing wearing time. The metabolomic study demonstrated that 11 biomarkers were identified between patients who did and did not wear soft contact lenses and 6 biomarkers were identified between less than 5 years and more than 5 years of wearing time. These biomarkers participate in energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, inflammatory reactions, and neuroprotecton processes, and partially lead to the pathology of dry eyes, eye inflammation, and corneal nerve fiber length decrease. Five biomarkers in the citrate cycle metabolism pathway were found demonstrating that energy metabolism was seriously disturbed. CONCLUSIONS This study systematically revealed the metabolite mechanism for eye discomfort and related disease after wearing soft contact lenses. The identified biomarkers and related physiology pathways supply a new direction for avoiding the side effects of wearing soft contact lenses. [J Refract Surg. 2020;36(5):317-325.].
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Casein Kinase 2-Interacting Protein-1 Alleviates High Glucose-Reduced Autophagy, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells via Activating the p62/KEAP1/NRF2 Signaling Pathway. J Ophthalmol 2021; 2021:6694050. [PMID: 33628480 PMCID: PMC7892229 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6694050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Casein kinase 2-interacting protein-1 (CKIP-1) has been proved to be associated with complications of diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy is a main diabetic complication which usually leads to blindness. The current study aims to investigate the role of CKIP-1 in high glucose-treated retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells which is a component of blood-retinal barriers. Methods The RPE cells, ARPE-19, are treated with high glucose to mimic the diabetic stimulation. CKIP-1 was overexpressed in ARPE-19 cells to evaluate its effects on autophagy, oxidative stress, and apoptosis induced by high glucose treatment, using Western blot, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Results CKIP-1 was expressed at a lower level in high glucose-treated cells than in normal glucose cells. Overexpression of CKIP-1 enhanced the Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus. Furthermore, high glucose-induced autophagy, oxidative stress, and apoptosis were inhibited after overexpression of CKIP-1. Also, CKIP-1 regulates the p62/Keap1/Nrf2 signaling, which might be the potential mechanism in this model. Conclusion In conclusion, CKIP-1 may be a potential therapeutic target that protects RPE cells from injury and subsequent diabetic retinopathy induced by high glucose.
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Joffre C, Rey C, Layé S. N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and the Resolution of Neuroinflammation. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1022. [PMID: 31607902 PMCID: PMC6755339 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, as a result of their anti-inflammatory properties, n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs), have gained greater importance in the regulation of inflammation, especially in the central nervous system (in this case known as neuroinflammation). If sustained, neuroinflammation is a common denominator of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease and major depression, and of aging. Hence, limiting neuroinflammation is a real strategy for neuroinflammatory disease therapy and treatment. Recent data show that n-3 LC-PUFAs exert anti-inflammatory properties in part through the synthesis of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) such as resolvins, maresins and protectins. These SPMs are crucially involved in the resolution of inflammation. They could be good candidates to resolve brain inflammation and to contribute to neuroprotective functions and could lead to novel therapeutics for brain inflammatory diseases. This review presents an overview 1) of brain n-3 LC-PUFAs as precursors of SPMs with an emphasis on the effect of n-3 PUFAs on neuroinflammation, 2) of the formation and action of SPMs in the brain and their biological roles, and the possible regulation of their synthesis by environmental factors such as inflammation and nutrition and, in particular, PUFA consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Joffre
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
| | - Charlotte Rey
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France.,ITERG, Nutrition Health and Lipid Biochemistry Department, Canéjan, France
| | - Sophie Layé
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
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Guo YP, Tang BS, Guo JF. PLA2G6-Associated Neurodegeneration (PLAN): Review of Clinical Phenotypes and Genotypes. Front Neurol 2018; 9:1100. [PMID: 30619057 PMCID: PMC6305538 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase A2 group VI (PLA2G6)-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) includes a series of neurodegenerative diseases that result from the mutations in PLA2G6. PLAN has genetic and clinical heterogeneity, with different mutation sites, mutation types and ethnicities and its clinical phenotype is different. The clinical phenotypes and genotypes of PLAN are closely intertwined and vary widely. PLA2G6 encodes a group of VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A2 proteins (iPLA2β), an enzyme involved in lipid metabolism. According to the age of onset and progressive clinical features, PLAN can be classified into the following subtypes: infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD), atypical neuroaxonal dystrophy (ANAD) and parkinsonian syndrome which contains adult onset dystonia parkinsonism (DP) and autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonism (AREP). In this review, we present an overview of PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration in the context of current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Pei Guo
- Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bei-Sha Tang
- Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ji-Feng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Retinal Pigment Epithelium and Photoreceptor Preconditioning Protection Requires Docosanoid Signaling. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 38:901-917. [PMID: 29177613 PMCID: PMC5882642 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are necessary for functional cell integrity. Preconditioning (PC), as we define it, is an acquired protection or resilience by a cell, tissue, or organ to a lethal stimulus enabled by a previous sublethal stressor or stimulus. In this study, we provide evidence that the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and its derivatives, the docosanoids 17-hydroxy docosahexaenoic acid (17-HDHA) and neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1), facilitate cell survival in both in vitro and in vivo models of retinal PC. We also demonstrate that PC requires the enzyme 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1), which synthesizes 17-HDHA and NPD1, and that this is specific to docosanoid signaling despite the concomitant release of the omega-6 arachidonic acid and eicosanoid synthesis. These findings advocate that DHA and docosanoids are protective enablers of PC in photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelial cells.
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Saab S, Mazzocco J, Creuzot-Garcher CP, Bron AM, Bretillon L, Acar N. Plasmalogens in the retina: From occurrence in retinal cell membranes to potential involvement in pathophysiology of retinal diseases. Biochimie 2014; 107 Pt A:58-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Telomere length and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Nutrition 2014; 30:1218-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hong S, Tian H, Lu Y, Laborde JM, Muhale FA, Wang Q, Alapure BV, Serhan CN, Bazan NG. Neuroprotectin/protectin D1: endogenous biosynthesis and actions on diabetic macrophages in promoting wound healing and innervation impaired by diabetes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 307:C1058-67. [PMID: 25273880 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00270.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of macrophages (MΦs) in diabetic wounds impairs the healing. MΦs produce anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving neuroprotectin/protectin D1 (NPD1/PD1, 10R,17S-dihydroxy-docosa-4Z,7Z,11E,13E,15Z,19Z-hexaenoic acid); however, little is known about endogenous NPD1 biosynthesis by MΦs and the actions of NPD1 on diabetic MΦ functions in diabetic wound healing. We used an excisional skin wound model of diabetic mice, MΦ depletion, MΦs isolated from diabetic mice, and mass spectrometry-based targeted lipidomics to study the time course progression of NPD1 levels in wounds, the roles of MΦs in NPD1 biosynthesis, and NPD1 action on diabetic MΦ inflammatory activities. We also investigated the healing, innervation, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress in diabetic wounds treated with NPD1 or NPD1-modulated MΦs from diabetic mice. Injury induced endogenous NPD1 biosynthesis in wounds, but diabetes impeded NPD1 formation. NPD1 was mainly produced by MΦs. NPD1 enhanced wound healing and innervation in diabetic mice and promoted MΦs functions that accelerated these processes. The underlying mechanisms for these actions of NPD1 or NPD1-modulated MΦs involved 1) attenuating MΦ inflammatory activities and chronic inflammation and oxidative stress after acute inflammation in diabetic wound, and 2) increasing MΦ production of IL10 and hepatocyte growth factor. Taken together, NPD1 appears to be a MΦs-produced factor that accelerates diabetic wound healing and promotes MΦ pro-healing functions in diabetic wounds. Decreased NPD1 production in diabetic wound is associated with impaired healing. This study identifies a new molecular target that might be useful in development of more effective therapeutics based on NPD1 and syngeneic diabetic MΦs for treatment of diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Hong
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana; Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana;
| | - Haibin Tian
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Yan Lu
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - James Monroe Laborde
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana; and
| | - Filipe A Muhale
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Quansheng Wang
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Bhagwat V Alapure
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Department of Anaesthesia (Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology), Harvard Medical School; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana; Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Cortina MS, He J, Russ T, Bazan NG, Bazan HEP. Neuroprotectin D1 restores corneal nerve integrity and function after damage from experimental surgery. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54:4109-16. [PMID: 23702780 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate if topical treatment of neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) increases regeneration of functional nerves after lamellar keratectomy. METHODS An 8-mm stromal dissection was performed in the left eye of each rabbit. The rabbits were treated with NPD1, pigment epithelial-derived factor (PEDF) in combination with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or vehicle for 6 weeks, and corneas were obtained at 8 weeks. After fixation, corneal wholemounts were stained with mouse monoclonal anti-βIII-tubulin antibody and double stained with chicken anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antibody. Corneal sensitivity and tear secretion were measured using the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer and the Schirmer's test, respectively. Additional rabbits were treated with NPD1, PEDF+DHA, or vehicle, and corneal sections were stained with a rat monoclonal anti-neutrophil antibody. Cultures of trigeminal ganglia from 5-day-old mice were treated with NPD1, PEDF+DHA, lipoxin A4 (LXA4), 12- or 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12[S] or 15[S]-HETE), and nerve growth factor (NGF) as positive control. RESULTS NPD1 increased subepithelial corneal nerve area three times compared with vehicle-treated rabbits. The effect was similar to PEDF+DHA-treated animals. There was recovery of CGRP-positive neurons and an increase in corneal sensitivity and tear secretion in NPD1-treated animals. NPD1 decreased neutrophil infiltration after 2 and 4 days of treatment. In the in vitro cultures, NPD1 and PEDF+DHA induced a 3-fold increase in neurite outgrowth compared with cultures without supplementation. Treatments with LXA4, 12(S)-, and 15(S)- HETE did not stimulate neurite outgrowth. CONCLUSIONS NPD1 has anti-inflammatory and nerve regenerative properties. This study demonstrates that NPD1 may offer an effective treatment for neurotrophic corneas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Soledad Cortina
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Illinois Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Bazan NG. The docosanoid neuroprotectin D1 induces homeostatic regulation of neuroinflammation and cell survival. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2013; 88:127-9. [PMID: 23022417 PMCID: PMC3538114 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The onset of neurodegenerations and nervous system injury both trigger cell signaling perturbations that lead to damage of neuronal circuits and synapic connections, as well as protective signaling that aims to halt disease onset. Here we review recent findings that support the role of the docosanoid mediator neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) as an early response or sentinel during the initial phase of nervous system damage. NPD1 is derived from docosahexaenoic acid that is selectively concentrated and retained in the nervous system. The protein misfolding triggers the biosynthesis of NPD1 which in turn downregulates pathways that lead to cell death and changes the outcome to cell survival. Proteotoxic stress as a result of protein misfolding is a widespread event in many neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, mechanisms and mediators such as NPD1 that curtail consequences of these events are of interest as leads in the search for novel preventive and or therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite D, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Kenchegowda S, He J, Bazan H. Involvement of pigment epithelium-derived factor, docosahexaenoic acid and neuroprotectin D1 in corneal inflammation and nerve integrity after refractive surgery. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2013; 88:27-31. [PMID: 22579364 PMCID: PMC3431458 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in corneal innervations result in impaired corneal sensation, severe dry eye and damage to the epithelium that may in turn lead to corneal ulcers, melting and perforation. These alterations can occur after refractive surgery. We have discovered that pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA or the docosanoid bioactive neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1)) induces nerve regeneration after corneal surgery that damages the stromal nerves. We found that PEDF is released from corneal epithelial cells after injury, and when DHA is provided to the cells it stimulates the biosynthesis of NPD1 by an autocrine mechanism. The combination of PEDF plus DHA also decreased the production of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), a neutrophil chemotactic factor, thereby decreasing the inflammation induced after corneal damage. These studies suggest that PEDF plus DHA and its derivative NPD1 hold promise as a future treatment to restore a healthy cornea after nerve damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - H.E.P Bazan
- Corresponding author: Haydee E.P.Bazan, LSU Eye Center and Neuroscience center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite D, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; , Ph: 504- 599- 0877, FAX: 504- 568- 0977
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Neuroinflammation and proteostasis are modulated by endogenously biosynthesized neuroprotectin D1. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 46:221-6. [PMID: 22956271 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8322-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases encompass complex cell signaling disturbances that initially damage neuronal circuits and synapses. Due to multiple protective mechanisms enacted to counteract the onset of neurodegenerative diseases, there is often a prolonged period without noticeable impairments during their initiation. Since severe cognitive deficit or vision loss takes place after that period there is an opportunity to harness endogenous protective mechanisms as potential therapeutic approaches. The activation of the biosynthesis of the docosanoid mediator neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) is an early response to the upsurge of protein misfolding and other neuroinflammatory events. This overview discusses the potent neuroprotective and inflammation-modulating bioactivity of NPD1. This lipid mediator represents an early response to neurodegenerations, aiming to restore homeostasis.
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Fatty Acid Composition of the Brain, Retina, Liver and Adipose Tissue of the Grey Mouse Lemur (Microcebus murinus, Primate). Lipids 2012; 47:793-801. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-012-3686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Dhayal S, Morgan NG. Pharmacological characterization of the cytoprotective effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids in insulin-secreting BRIN-BD11 cells. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 162:1340-50. [PMID: 21133892 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01145.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Free fatty acids are important metabolic fuels for mammalian cells but, recently, it has become clear that they can also fulfil signalling functions, which are independent of their metabolic fate. We are investigating the ability of unsaturated free fatty acids to exert a cytoprotective response during exposure of insulin-secreting cells to toxic stimuli. The majority of earlier studies have focussed on monounsaturated fatty acids but this has now been extended to define the structural requirements of the cytoprotective effects of polyunsaturated species. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Clonal rat insulin-secreting cell lines, BRIN-BD11 or INS-1, were exposed to fatty acids or their derivatives complexed with BSA and the viability of the cells was analysed by flow cytometry after staining with propidium iodide. KEY RESULTS A variety of polyunsaturated fatty acids with chain lengths between C18-C22 attenuated the cytotoxic actions of the saturated fatty acid, palmitate (C16:0) in BRIN-BD11 and INS-1 cells. These effects were dose-dependent and displayed potencies that were much higher than those achieved with monounsaturated fatty acids. Methyl esters of the polyunsaturates were also effective. The cytoprotective responses were not altered by incubation of cells with inhibitors of cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase enzymes although they were antagonized dose-dependently by arachidonyltrifluoromethylketone (AACOCF(3)). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The results are consistent with the involvement of a specific fatty acid binding site having loose, but defined, structural criteria, in mediating the cytoprotective effects of unsaturated fatty acids. AACOCF(3) may be of value in defining this site in molecular terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalinee Dhayal
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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Stahl A, Krohne TU, Sapieha P, Chen J, Hellstrom A, Chew E, Holz FG, Smith LEH. Lipid metabolites in the pathogenesis and treatment of neovascular eye disease. Br J Ophthalmol 2011; 95:1496-501. [PMID: 21421650 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2010.194241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipids and lipid metabolites have long been known to play biological roles that go beyond energy storage and membrane structure. In age-related macular degeneration and diabetes, for example, dysregulation of lipid metabolism is closely associated with disease onset and progression. At the same time, some lipids and their metabolites can exert beneficial effects in the same disorders. This review summarises our current knowledge of the contributions of lipids to both the pathogenesis and treatment of neovascular eye disease. The clinical entities covered are exudative age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity, with a special emphasis on the potential therapeutic effects of ω3- (also known as n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stahl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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