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Kumar S, Bhaskar A, Patnaik G, Sharma C, Singh DK, Kaushik SR, Chaturvedi S, Das G, Dwivedi VP. Intranasal immunization with peptide-based immunogenic complex enhances BCG vaccine efficacy in a murine model of tuberculosis. JCI Insight 2021; 6:145228. [PMID: 33444288 PMCID: PMC7934935 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.145228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prime-boost immunization strategies are required to control the global tuberculosis (TB) pandemic, which claims approximately 3 lives every minute. Here, we have generated an immunogenic complex against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), consisting of promiscuous T cell epitopes (M.tb peptides) and TLR ligands assembled in liposomes. Interestingly, this complex (peptide–TLR agonist–liposomes; PTL) induced significant activation of CD4+ T cells and IFN-γ production in the PBMCs derived from PPD+ healthy individuals as compared with PPD– controls. Furthermore, intranasal delivery of PTL significantly reduced the bacterial burden in the infected mice by inducing M.tb-specific polyfunctional (IFN-γ+IL-17+TNF-α+IL-2+) immune responses and long-lasting central memory responses, thereby reducing the risk of TB recurrence in DOTS-treated infected animals. The transcriptome analysis of peptide-stimulated immune cells unveiled the molecular basis of enhanced protection. Furthermore, PTL immunization significantly boosted the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin–primed (BCG-primed) immune responses against TB. The greatly enhanced efficacy of the BCG-PTL vaccine model in controlling pulmonary TB projects PTL as an adjunct vaccine against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Ashima Bhaskar
- Signal Transduction Laboratory-1, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Gautam Patnaik
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Chetan Sharma
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Dhiraj Kumar Singh
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Rai Kaushik
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Shivam Chaturvedi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Gobardhan Das
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ved Prakash Dwivedi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
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Buttrick TS, Wang W, Yung C, Trieu KG, Patel K, Khoury SJ, Ai X, Elyaman W. Foxo1 Promotes Th9 Cell Differentiation and Airway Allergy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:818. [PMID: 29339772 PMCID: PMC5770389 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19315-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
T helper 9 (Th9) cells are effector CD4+ T cells that are characterized by the production of interleukin-9 (IL-9) and have been associated with allergic responses. Here, we found that the expression of the transcription factor forkhead box O1 (Foxo1) was induced in Th9 and Foxo1 plays a crucial role in the differentiation of Th9 cells. Pharmacological inhibition of Foxo1 or genetic disruption of Foxo1 in CD4+ T cells caused a reduction in IL-9 expression while upregulating IL-17A and IFNγ production. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) followed by luciferase assays revealed direct binding of Foxo1 to both the Il9 and Irf4 promoters and induces their transactivation. Lastly, adoptive transfer of Th9 cells into lungs induced asthma-like symptoms that were ameliorated by Foxo1 inhibitor, AS1842856. Together, our findings demonstrate a novel regulator of Th9 cells with a direct implication in allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Buttrick
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Christina Yung
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Kenneth G Trieu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kruti Patel
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Samia J Khoury
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Abu Haidar Neuroscience Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Xingbin Ai
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wassim Elyaman
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Cai Z, Liu H, Wu X. Forkhead-box transcription factor 1 affects the apoptosis of natural regulatory T cells by controlling Aven expression. BMC Immunol 2017; 18:16. [PMID: 28283017 PMCID: PMC5345239 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-017-0198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Regulatory T (Treg) cells play important roles in autoimmune diseases, cancer, and organ transplantation. Forkhead box protein o1 (Foxo1) and IL-7Rα(CD127) are closely related to the homeostasis of Treg cells. However, the mechanism underlying Treg proliferation and activation remains unclear. Here, we evaluated how the over-expression of Foxo1 affects Treg cell proliferation via intracellular signaling. nTreg cells were transfected separately with Foxo1 and Aven small-interfering RNA (siRNA) or over-expression plasmid. The expression of signaling pathway genes and CD127 was confirmed using RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. The expression of cell surface molecules and apoptosis was confirmed by Flow Cytometry 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide for cell proliferation assays. Results Foxo1 strengthened the proliferative ability of Treg cells by activating IL-7/CD127 signaling. In addition, Foxo1 suppressed Treg cell apoptosis by regulating Aven expression. Conclusions The results in this study indicated that Foxo1 is a positive regulatory factor for the proliferation and activity of Treg cells. Foxo1 might be a potential target for the activation of nTreg cells in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiongfei Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
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Loss of Murine FOXO3 in Cells of the Myeloid Lineage Enhances Myelopoiesis but Protects from K/BxN-Serum Transfer-Induced Arthritis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126728. [PMID: 25969990 PMCID: PMC4430473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
FOXO transcription factors have a highly conserved role in regulating transcription of genes involved in differentiation, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and DNA repair. Loss of FOXO3 in mice has previously been shown to result in a myeloproliferative disease. In agreement with this, we found that an independent Foxo3 null mouse strain, Foxo3Kca, exhibits an increase in neutrophils in the spleen, bone marrow and blood. This coincides with an expansion of myeloid progenitor cells including pre-granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (Pre-GMs) and granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (GMPs). Surprisingly, despite neutrophilia, the severity of passive serum transfer arthritis was markedly attenuated in Foxo3Kca mice. These defects appear to be at least partially intrinsic to the myeloid lineage, as deleting Foxo3 specifically from myeloid cells using LysMCre also leads to an elevated number of neutrophils and protection from K/BxN-serum transfer-induced arthritis.
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Role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase IA (PI3K-IA) activation in cardioprotection induced by ouabain preconditioning. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 80:114-25. [PMID: 25575882 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction, the clinical manifestation of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, is a leading cause of death worldwide. Like ischemic preconditioning (IPC) induced by brief episodes of ischemia and reperfusion, ouabain preconditioning (OPC) mediated by Na/K-ATPase signaling protects the heart against IR injury. Class I PI3K activation is required for IPC, but its role in OPC has not been investigated. While PI3K-IB is critical to IPC, studies have suggested that ouabain signaling is PI3K-IA-specific. Hence, a pharmacological approach was used to test the hypothesis that OPC and IPC rely on distinct PI3K-I isoforms. In Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts, OPC was initiated by 4 min of ouabain 10 μM and IPC was triggered by 4 cycles of 5 min ischemia and reperfusion prior to 40 min of global ischemia and 30 min of reperfusion. Without affecting PI3K-IB, ouabain doubled PI3K-IA activity and Akt phosphorylation at Ser(473). IPC and OPC significantly preserved cardiac contractile function and tissue viability as evidenced by left ventricular developed pressure and end-diastolic pressure recovery, reduced lactate dehydrogenase release, and decreased infarct size. OPC protection was blunted by the PI3K-IA inhibitor PI-103, but not by the PI3K-IB inhibitor AS-604850. In contrast, IPC-mediated protection was not affected by PI-103 but was blocked by AS-604850, suggesting that PI3K-IA activation is required for OPC while PI3K-IB activation is needed for IPC. Mechanistically, PI3K-IA activity is required for ouabain-induced Akt activation but not PKCε translocation. However, in contrast to PKCε translocation which is critical to protection, Akt activity was not required for OPC. Further studies shall reveal the identity of the downstream targets of this new PI3K IA-dependent branch of OPC. These findings may be of clinical relevance in patients at risk for myocardial infarction with underlying diseases and/or medication that could differentially affect the integrity of cardiac PI3K-IA and IB pathways.
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Suppression of Foxo1 activity and down-modulation of CD62L (L-selectin) in HIV-1 infected resting CD4 T cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110719. [PMID: 25330112 PMCID: PMC4199762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 hijacks and disrupts many processes in the cells it infects in order to suppress antiviral immunity and to facilitate its replication. Resting CD4 T cells are important early targets of HIV-1 infection in which HIV-1 must overcome intrinsic barriers to viral replication. Although resting CD4 T cells are refractory to infection in vitro, local environmental factors within lymphoid and mucosal tissues such as cytokines facilitate viral replication while maintaining the resting state. These factors can be utilized in vitro to study HIV-1 replication in resting CD4 T cells. In vivo, the migration of resting naïve and central memory T cells into lymphoid tissues is dependent upon expression of CD62L (L-selectin), a receptor that is subsequently down-modulated following T cell activation. CD62L gene transcription is maintained in resting T cells by Foxo1 and KLF2, transcription factors that maintain T cell quiescence and which regulate additional cellular processes including survival, migration, and differentiation. Here we report that HIV-1 down-modulates CD62L in productively infected naïve and memory resting CD4 T cells while suppressing Foxo1 activity and the expression of KLF2 mRNA. Partial T cell activation was further evident as an increase in CD69 expression. Several other Foxo1- and KLF2-regulated mRNA were increased or decreased in productively infected CD4 T cells, including IL-7rα, Myc, CCR5, Fam65b, S1P1 (EDG1), CD52, Cyclin D2 and p21CIP1, indicating a profound reprogramming of these cells. The Foxo1 inhibitor AS1842856 accelerated de novo viral gene expression and the sequella of infection, supporting the notion that HIV-1 suppression of Foxo1 activity may be a strategy to promote replication in resting CD4 T cells. As Foxo1 is an investigative cancer therapy target, the development of Foxo1 interventions may assist the quest to specifically suppress or activate HIV-1 replication in vivo.
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Kesarwani P, Murali AK, Al-Khami AA, Mehrotra S. Redox regulation of T-cell function: from molecular mechanisms to significance in human health and disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:1497-534. [PMID: 22938635 PMCID: PMC3603502 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are thought to have effects on T-cell function and proliferation. Low concentrations of ROS in T cells are a prerequisite for cell survival, and increased ROS accumulation can lead to apoptosis/necrosis. The cellular redox state of a T cell can also affect T-cell receptor signaling, skewing the immune response. Various T-cell subsets have different redox statuses, and this differential ROS susceptibility could modulate the outcome of an immune response in various disease states. Recent advances in T-cell redox signaling reveal that ROS modulate signaling cascades such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, and JAK/STAT pathways. Also, tumor microenvironments, chronic T-cell stimulation leading to replicative senescence, gender, and age affect T-cell susceptibility to ROS, thereby contributing to diverse immune outcomes. Antioxidants such as glutathione, thioredoxin, superoxide dismutase, and catalase balance cellular oxidative stress. T-cell redox states are also regulated by expression of various vitamins and dietary compounds. Changes in T-cell redox regulation may affect the pathogenesis of various human diseases. Many strategies to control oxidative stress have been employed for various diseases, including the use of active antioxidants from dietary products and pharmacologic or genetic engineering of antioxidant genes in T cells. Here, we discuss the existence of a complex web of molecules/factors that exogenously or endogenously affect oxidants, and we relate these molecules to potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Kesarwani
- Department of Surgery, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Riedel A, Mofolo B, Avota E, Schneider-Schaulies S, Meintjes A, Mulder N, Kneitz S. Accumulation of splice variants and transcripts in response to PI3K inhibition in T cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e50695. [PMID: 23383294 PMCID: PMC3562341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Measles virus (MV) causes T cell suppression by interference with phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) activation. We previously found that this interference affected the activity of splice regulatory proteins and a T cell inhibitory protein isoform was produced from an alternatively spliced pre-mRNA. Hypothesis Differentially regulated and alternatively splice variant transcripts accumulating in response to PI3K abrogation in T cells potentially encode proteins involved in T cell silencing. Methods To test this hypothesis at the cellular level, we performed a Human Exon 1.0 ST Array on RNAs isolated from T cells stimulated only or stimulated after PI3K inhibition. We developed a simple algorithm based on a splicing index to detect genes that undergo alternative splicing (AS) or are differentially regulated (RG) upon T cell suppression. Results Applying our algorithm to the data, 9% of the genes were assigned as AS, while only 3% were attributed to RG. Though there are overlaps, AS and RG genes differed with regard to functional regulation, and were found to be enriched in different functional groups. AS genes targeted extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction and focal adhesion pathways, while RG genes were mainly enriched in cytokine-receptor interaction and Jak-STAT. When combined, AS/RG dependent alterations targeted pathways essential for T cell receptor signaling, cytoskeletal dynamics and cell cycle entry. Conclusions PI3K abrogation interferes with key T cell activation processes through both differential expression and alternative splicing, which together actively contribute to T cell suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Riedel
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wuerzburg, Versbacher, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Boitumelo Mofolo
- Computational Biology Group, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elita Avota
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wuerzburg, Versbacher, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | - Ayton Meintjes
- Computational Biology Group, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicola Mulder
- Computational Biology Group, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Susanne Kneitz
- Department of Physiological Chemistry I, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Rougerie P, Largeteau Q, Megrelis L, Carrette F, Lejeune T, Toffali L, Rossi B, Zeghouf M, Cherfils J, Constantin G, Laudanna C, Bismuth G, Mangeney M, Delon J. Fam65b is a new transcriptional target of FOXO1 that regulates RhoA signaling for T lymphocyte migration. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 190:748-55. [PMID: 23241886 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors favor both T cell quiescence and trafficking through their control of the expression of genes involved in cell cycle progression, adhesion, and homing. In this article, we report that the product of the fam65b gene is a new transcriptional target of FOXO1 that regulates RhoA activity. We show that family with sequence similarity 65 member b (Fam65b) binds the small GTPase RhoA via a noncanonical domain and represses its activity by decreasing its GTP loading. As a consequence, Fam65b negatively regulates chemokine-induced responses, such as adhesion, morphological polarization, and migration. These results show the existence of a new functional link between FOXO1 and RhoA pathways, through which the FOXO1 target Fam65b tonically dampens chemokine-induced migration by repressing RhoA activity.
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