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Randhawa MA, Alenazy AK, Alrowaili MG, Basha J. An active principle of Nigella sativa L., thymoquinone, showing significant antimicrobial activity against anaerobic bacteria. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2016; 6:97-101. [PMID: 28163966 PMCID: PMC5289095 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20161018021238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Aim/Background: Thymoquinone (TQ) is the major active principle of Nigella sativa seed (black seed) and is known to control many fungi, bacteria, and some viruses. However, the activity of TQ against anaerobic bacteria is not well demonstrated. Anaerobic bacteria can cause severe infections, including diarrhea, aspiration pneumonia, and brain abscess, particularly in immunodeficient individuals. The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of TQ against some anaerobic pathogens in comparison to metronidazole. Methods: Standard, ATCC, strains of four anaerobic bacteria (Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfringens, Bacteroides fragilis, and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron), were initially isolated on special Brucella agar base (with hemin and vitamin K). Then, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of TQ and metronidazole were determined against these anaerobes when grown in Brucella agar, using serial agar dilution method according to the recommended guidelines for anaerobic organisms instructed by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results: TQ showed a significant antimicrobial activity against anaerobic bacteria although much weaker than metronidazole. MICs of TQ and metronidazole against various anaerobic human pathogens tested were found to be between 10-160 mg/L and 0.19-6.25 mg/L, respectively. Conclusions: TQ controlled the anaerobic human pathogenic bacteria, which supports the use of N. sativa in the treatment of diarrhea in folk medicine. Further investigations are in need for determination of the synergistic effect of TQ in combination with metronidazole and the activity of derivatives of TQ against anaerobic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Akram Randhawa
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awwad Khalaf Alenazy
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jamith Basha
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
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García Carretero R, Luna-Heredia E, Olid-Velilla M, Vazquez-Gomez O. Bacteraemia due to Parvimonas micra, a commensal pathogen, in a patient with an oesophageal tumour. BMJ Case Rep 2016; 2016:bcr-2016-217740. [PMID: 27864301 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-217740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A man aged 53 years was admitted to our hospital due to general malaise, fever and chills for the past 24 hours. He had a history of chronic alcoholic liver disease. The blood tests showed leucocytosis with neutrophilia, lactic acidosis and acute-phase reactants. The blood cultures were positive for Parvimonas micra, an anaerobic pathogen which is part of the flora of the oral cavity. There was no evidence of abscess formation in either the examination or the imaging tests, but in the work-up that followed, a gastroscopy showed a stenotic oesophageal mass that turned out to be an invasive squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esther Luna-Heredia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Mostoles, Mostoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Monica Olid-Velilla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Mostoles, Mostoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Vazquez-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Mostoles, Mostoles, Madrid, Spain
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Chen NY, Bender JM, Bard JD, Trost MJ, Corden MH. Something Doesn't Smell Right: When a Patient With Empyema Isn't Responding to Guideline-Based Management. Hosp Pediatr 2016; 6:702-706. [PMID: 27742739 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2015-0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Y Chen
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona;
| | - Jeffrey M Bender
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases and.,Departments of Pediatrics, and
| | - Jennifer Dien Bard
- Laboratory and Pathology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; and.,Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Margaret J Trost
- Departments of Pediatrics, and.,Hospital Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics, and
| | - Mark H Corden
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases and.,Departments of Pediatrics, and.,Hospital Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics, and
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Boyton RJ, Altmann DM. Bronchiectasis: Current Concepts in Pathogenesis, Immunology, and Microbiology. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2016; 11:523-54. [PMID: 26980162 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012615-044344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bronchiectasis is a disorder of persistent lung inflammation and recurrent infection, defined by a common pathological end point: irreversible bronchial dilatation arrived at through diverse etiologies. This suggests an interplay between immunogenetic susceptibility, immune dysregulation, bacterial infection, and lung damage. The damaged epithelium impairs mucus removal and facilitates bacterial infection with increased cough, sputum production, and airflow obstruction. Lung infection is caused by respiratory bacterial and fungal pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus, Aspergillus fumigatus, and nontuberculous mycobacteria. Recent studies have highlighted the relationship between the lung microbiota and microbial-pathogen niches. Disease may result from environments favoring interleukin-17-driven neutrophilia. Bronchiectasis may present in autoimmune disease, as well as conditions of immune dysregulation, such as combined variable immune deficiency, transporter associated with antigen processing-deficiency syndrome, and hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome. Differences in prevalence across geography and ethnicity implicate an etiological mix of genetics and environment underpinning susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary J Boyton
- Lung Immunology Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; .,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6NP, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel M Altmann
- Division of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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Garner O, Mochon A, Branda J, Burnham CA, Bythrow M, Ferraro M, Ginocchio C, Jennemann R, Manji R, Procop G, Richter S, Rychert J, Sercia L, Westblade L, Lewinski M. Multi-centre evaluation of mass spectrometric identification of anaerobic bacteria using the VITEK® MS system. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20:335-9. [DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Nelson-Filho P, Borba IG, Mesquita KSFD, Silva RAB, Queiroz AMD, Silva LAB. Dynamics of Microbial Colonization of the Oral Cavity in Newborns. Braz Dent J 2013; 24:415-9. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201302266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The host defense mechanisms are not well developed in neonates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of microbial colonization of the oral cavity in newborns. Eighty-one samples of the oral microbiota were obtained from 51 healthy newborns 10 min to 53 h after birth by gently rubbing sterile swabs onto the surface of the tongue, cheek mucosa, alveolar process and palate. After microbiological processing, counting of the colony forming units of streptococci, staphylococci and Gram-negative aerobic bacilli was performed. Between 10 min and 8 h, Staphylococcus epidermidis was detected in 30.7% of the samples; between 8 and 16 h, S. epidermidis was detected in 69.5% of the samples and streptococci in 56.5% of the samples; between 16 and 24 h, S. epidermidis, streptococci and S. aureus were detected in 77.78%, 85.18% and 37.03% of the samples, respectively. Between 24 and 53 h, S. epidermidis was detected in 88.89%, streptococci in 94.4% and S. aureus in 33.3% of the samples. Mutans streptococci were not detected in any of the samples. The adoption of strict hygienic measures by the mother and the nursing staff should be emphasized to avoid or at least delay the occurrence of infections caused by microorganisms in newborns. In addition, hospital procedures must be aseptic and invasive interventions must be minimized.
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Coltella L, Mancinelli L, Onori M, Lucignano B, Menichella D, Sorge R, Raponi M, Mancini R, Russo C. Advancement in the routine identification of anaerobic bacteria by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 32:1183-92. [PMID: 23584672 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-013-1865-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) Biotyper as a tool for the identification of anaerobic bacteria compared with 500 base-pair (bp) 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene sequencing analysis, which is considered to be the "gold standard" method. A total of 484 anaerobic bacteria were retrieved from the clinical specimens of 318 pediatric patients. Molecular identification resulted in 18 genera and 51 species. The most prevalent genus was Clostridium (76.85 %), with 70 % C. difficile isolates. The concordance and sensitivity determined by MALDI-TOF MS for C. difficile, the most prevalent species isolated, was 94.08 %, whereas the specificity was 100 %. For the other anaerobes, the sensitivity and specificity were 94.07 % and 81.82 %, respectively, with a concordance of 93.15 %. Low performance was observed for Propionibacterium acnes and Fusobacterium nucleatum, for which a dedicated pretreatment procedure should likely be set up. MALDI-TOF MS was shown to be a valid alternative for the fast and reliable identification of the most clinically relevant anaerobic bacteria; moreover, it is less time-consuming, the cost for reagents is minimized, and it does not require dedicated personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Coltella
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Virology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
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Hall-Stoodley L, Stoodley P, Kathju S, Høiby N, Moser C, Costerton JW, Moter A, Bjarnsholt T. Towards diagnostic guidelines for biofilm-associated infections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 65:127-45. [PMID: 22469292 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2012.00968.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms associated with the human body, particularly in typically sterile locations, are difficult to diagnose and treat effectively because of their recalcitrance to conventional antibiotic therapy and host immune responses. The study of biofilms in medicine today requires a translational approach, with examination of clinically relevant biofilms in the context of specific anatomic sites, host tissues, and diseases, focusing on what can be done to mitigate their pathologic consequences. This review, which grew out of a discussion session on clinical biofilms at the 5th ASM Biofilm Conference in Cancun, Mexico, is designed to give an overview of biofilm-associated infections (BAI) and to propose a platform for further discussion that includes clinicians, medical microbiologists, and biofilm researchers who are stakeholders in advancing the scientific pursuit of better diagnosis and treatment of BAI to mitigate their human and healthcare costs. It also highlights the need for better diagnostic markers, which exploit the difference between planktonic and biofilm cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luanne Hall-Stoodley
- Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
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