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Han Z, Kang X, Singha K, Wu J, Shi X. Real-time monitoring of in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) of dissolved TCE by integrating electrical resistivity tomography and reactive transport modeling. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 252:121195. [PMID: 38290236 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Successful in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) applications require real-time monitoring to assess the oxidant delivery and treatment effectiveness, and to support rapid and cost-effective decision making. Existing monitoring methods often suffer from poor spatial coverage given a limited number of boreholes in most field conditions. The ionic nature of oxidants (e.g., permanganate) makes time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) a potential monitoring tool for ISCO. However, time-lapse ERT is usually limited to qualitative analysis because it cannot distinguish between the electrical responses of the ionic oxidant and the ionic products from contaminant oxidation. This study proposed a real-time quantitative monitoring approach for ISCO by integrating time-lapse ERT and physics-based reactive transport models (RTM). Moving past common practice, where an electrical-conductivity anomaly in an ERT survey would be roughly linked to concentrations of anything ionic, we used PHT3D as our RTM to distinguish the contributions from the ionic oxidant and the ionic products and to quantify the spatio-temporal evolution of all chemical components. The proposed approach was evaluated through laboratory column experiments for trichloroethene (TCE) remediation. This ISCO experiment was monitored by both time-lapse ERT and downstream sampling. We found that changes in inverted bulk electrical conductivity, unsurprisingly, did not correlate well with the observed permanganate concentrations due to the ionic products. By integrating time-lapse ERT and RTM, the distribution of all chemical components was satisfactorily characterized and quantified. Measured concentration data from limited locations and the non-intrusive ERT data were found to be complementary for ISCO monitoring. The inverted bulk conductivity data were effective in capturing the spatial distribution of ionic species, while the concentration data provided information regarding dissolved TCE. Through incorporating multi-source data, the error of quantifying ISCO efficiency was kept at most 5 %, compared to errors that can reach up to 68 % when relying solely on concentration data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Han
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xueyuan Kang
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Kamini Singha
- Hydrologic Sciences and Engineering Program, Geology and Geological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Jichun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Li W, Zhang W, Dong J, Liang X, Sun C. Groundwater chlorinated solvent plumes remediation from the past to the future: a scientometric and visualization analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:17033-17051. [PMID: 38334923 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32080-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Contamination of groundwater with chlorinated hydrocarbons has serious adverse effects on human health. As research efforts in this area have expanded, a large body of literature has accumulated. However, traditional review writing suffers from limitations regarding efficiency, quantity, and timeliness, making it difficult to achieve a comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of developments in the field. There is a critical need for new tools to address emerging research challenges. This study evaluated 1619 publications related to this field using VOSviewer and CiteSpace visual tools. An extensive quantitative analysis and global overview of current research hotspots, as well as potential future research directions, were performed by reviewing publications from 2000 to 2022. Over the last 22 years, the USA has produced the most articles, making it the central country in the international collaboration network, with active cooperation with the other 7 most productive countries. Additionally, institutions have played a positive role in promoting the publication of science and technology research. In analyzing the distribution of institutions, it was found that the University of Waterloo conducted the majority of research in this field. This paper also identified the most productive journals, Environmental Science & Technology and Applied and Environmental Microbiology, which published 11,988 and 3253 scientific articles over the past 22 years, respectively. The main technologies are bioremediation and chemical reduction, which have garnered growing attention in academic publishing. Our findings offer a useful resource and a worldwide perspective for scientists engaged in this field, highlighting both the challenges and the possibilities associated with addressing groundwater chlorinated solvent plumes remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Li
- Jilin University Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
- Jilin University National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihong Zhang
- Jilin University Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
- Jilin University National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Dong
- Jilin University Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
- Jilin University National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Liang
- Jilin University Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
- Jilin University National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Sun
- Jilin University Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
- Jilin University National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
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Johansson C, Bataillard P, Biache C, Lorgeoux C, Colombano S, Joubert A, Défarge C, Faure P. Permanganate oxidation of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs and polar PACs): column experiments with DNAPL at residual saturation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:15966-15982. [PMID: 34642882 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16717-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Permanganate is an oxidant usually applied for in situ soil remediation due to its persistence underground. It has already shown great efficiency for dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) degradation under batch experiment conditions. In the present study, experimental permanganate oxidation of a DNAPL - coal tar - sampled in the groundwater of a former coking plant was carried out in a glass bead column. Several glass bead columns were spiked with coal tar using the drainage-imbibition method to mimic on-site pollution spread at residual saturation as best as possible. The leaching of organic pollutants was monitored as the columns were flushed by successive sequences: successive injections of hot water, permanganate solution for oxidation, and ambient temperature water, completed by two injections of a tracer before and after oxidation. Sixteen conventional US-EPA PAHs and selected polar PACs were analyzed in the DNAPL remaining in the columns at the end of the experiment and in the particles collected at several steps of the flushing sequences. Permanganate oxidation of the pollutants was rapidly limited by interfacial aging of the DNAPL drops. Moreover, at the applied flow rate chosen to be representative of in situ injections and groundwater velocities, the reaction time was not sufficient to reach high degradation yields but induced the formation and the leaching of oxygenated PACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clotilde Johansson
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-54000, Nancy, France
- Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), 45060, Orléans, France
- GeoRessources, CREGU, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, F-54000, Nancy, France
- SERPOL, 2 Chemin du Génie, BP 80, 69633, Vénissieux, France
| | | | - Coralie Biache
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Catherine Lorgeoux
- GeoRessources, CREGU, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Stéfan Colombano
- Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), 45060, Orléans, France
| | | | - Christian Défarge
- Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans, UMR 7327 Université d'Orléans-CNRS/INSU-BRGM, Polytech'Orléans, 45072, Orléans Cedex 2, France
- CETRAHE, Université d'Orléans, Polytech'Orléans, 45072, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Pierre Faure
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-54000, Nancy, France.
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Crincoli KR, Huling SG. Contrasting hydrogen peroxide- and persulfate-driven oxidation systems: Impact of radical scavenging on treatment efficiency and cost. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND : 1996) 2021; 404:10.1016/j.cej.2020.126404. [PMID: 34121918 PMCID: PMC8193818 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.126404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, the fate of radicals generated in heterogeneous chemical oxidation treatment systems has been accounted for and used to assess treatment performance in three reaction compartments; reaction with the target compound, rhodamine B (RhB), the aqueous phase scavengers, and the solid phase scavengers. Radicals formed during the ultra-violet (UV) activation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (UV-AHP) and persulfate (S2O8 2-) (UV-APS) include hydroxyl (•OH) and sulfate radicals (SO4 •-), respectively. •OH and SO4 •-, used in oxidation treatment systems to degrade a broad spectrum of environmental contaminants, may also react with non-target chemical species (scavengers) that limit treatment efficiency. UV-AHP and UV-APS treatment systems were amended with solid phase alumina to assess scavenging by solid surfaces. The overall rate of reaction and rate of radical scavenging was greater for •OH than SO4 •-. Scavenging by dissolved constituents was dominated by the oxidant used (H2O2, S2O8 2-); and the rate of radical scavenging by alumina was greater than the rate of RhB oxidation in all cases. Treatment efficiency was lower in the UV-AHP than in the UV-APS treatment system and was attributed to greater aqueous and solid phase scavenging rates. The cost of commercially available H2O2 ($0.031 mol-1) and PS ($0.24 mol-1) was used in conjunction with the overall treatment efficiency to assess specific cost of treatment. The specific cost to treat the probe compound with UV-AHP was greater than UV-APS and was attributed to the much lower treatment efficiency with UV-AHP. The much-desired high reaction rate constants between •OH and environmental contaminants, relative to SO4 •-, may come at the cost of greater combined scavenging rates, and consequently lower treatment efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Rusevova Crincoli
- National Research Council, Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Center, 919 Kerr Lab Dr., Ada, OK 74820, USA
| | - Scott G. Huling
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Center, 919 Kerr Lab Dr., Ada, OK 74820 USA
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Yu M, He X, Xi B, Xiong Y, Wang Z, Sheng D, Zhu L, Mao X. Dissolved Silicate Enhances the Oxidation of Chlorophenols by Permanganate: Important Role of Silicate-Stabilized MnO 2 Colloids. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:10279-10288. [PMID: 32702240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved silicate is an important background constituent of natural waters, but there is little clarity regarding the effect of silicate on the oxidizing capability of permanganate (Mn(VII)) and on its efficiency for remediation applications. In the present study, we found that dissolved silicate, metasilicate or disilicate (DS), could significantly promote the oxidation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) by Mn(VII), and the extent of the promoting effect was even more evident than that of pyrophosphate (PP). The experiments showed that, unlike PP, DS was not capable of coordinating with Mn(III) ions, and the promoting effect of DS was not due to the oxidizing capability of complexed Mn(III). Instead, DS ions, as a weak base, could combine with the hydroxyl groups of MnO2 via hydrogen bonding to limit the growth of colloidal MnO2 particles. The DS-stabilized colloidal MnO2 particles, with hydrodynamic diameters less than 100 nm, could act as catalysts to enhance the oxidation of 2,4-DCP by Mn(VII). The best promoting effect of DS on the performance of Mn(VII) oxidant was achieved at the initial solution pH of 7, and the coexisting bicarbonate ions further improved the oxidation of 2,4-DCP in the Mn(VII)/DS system. Sand column experiments showed that the combined use of Mn(VII) and DS additive could mitigate the problem of permeability reduction of sand associated with the retention of MnO2 particles. This study not only deepens our understanding on the role of dissolved silicate in a Mn(VII) oxidation process but also provides an effective and green method to enhance the oxidizing capacity of Mn(VII)-based treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minda Yu
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaosong He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Dige Sheng
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Li Zhu
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xuhui Mao
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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Bajagain R, Gautam P, Jeong SW. Degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in unsaturated soil and effects on subsequent biodegradation by potassium permanganate. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:1705-1714. [PMID: 31197553 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00346-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To date, the oxidation of petroleum hydrocarbons using permanganate has been investigated rarely. Only a few studies on the remediation of unsaturated soil using permanganate can be found in the literature. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first study conducted using permanganate pretreatment to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons in unsaturated soil in combination with subsequent bioaugmentation. The pretreatment of diesel-contaminated unsaturated soil with 0.5-pore-volume (5%) potassium permanganate (PP) by solution pouring and foam spraying (with a surfactant) achieved the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal efficiencies of 37% and 72.1%, respectively. The PP foam, when coupled with bioaugmentation foam, further degraded the TPH to a final concentration of 438 mg/kg (92.1% total reduction). The experiment was conducted without soil mixing or disturbance. The relatively high TPH removal efficiency achieved by the PP-bioaugmentation serial foam application may be attributed to an increase in soil pH caused by the PP and effective infiltration of the remediation agent by foaming. The applied PP foam increased the pH of the acidic soil, thus enhancing microbial activity. The first-order biodegradation rate after PP oxidation was calculated to be 0.068 d-1. Furthermore, 94% of the group of relatively persistent hydrocarbons (C18-C22) was removed by PP-bioaugmentation, as verified by chromatogram peaks. Some physicochemical parameters related to contaminant removal efficiency were also evaluated. The results reveal that PP can degrade soil TPH and significantly enhance the biodegradation rate in unsaturated diesel-contaminated soil when combined with bioaugmentation foam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishikesh Bajagain
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kunsan National University, Kunsan, 54150, South Korea
| | - Prakash Gautam
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kunsan National University, Kunsan, 54150, South Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Jeong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kunsan National University, Kunsan, 54150, South Korea.
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Park S, Lee LS, Ross I, Hurst J. Evaluating perfluorooctanesulfonate oxidation in permanganate systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:13976-13984. [PMID: 32034598 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07803-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Permanganate (PM) has shown to be able to oxidize a range of organic contaminants including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). However, mechanisms of PFOS removal by PM have been questioned. To provide clarity to what may be happening to PFOS in PM systems, here we evaluated the ability of PM on PFOS destruction by conducting studies similar to previous studies that reported PFOS destruction which included PM solutions and PM combined with persulfate (PS). We also evaluated if addition of various soluble catalysts could enhance PM's potential to breakdown PFOS. We observed no PFOS destruction by PM. We also show that the F- and SO42- generation reported in a published study as evidence that PM was breaking bonds in PFOS were found below or not significantly higher than reported limits of quantitation and that SO42- impurities in technical PM approach the reported SO42- levels. For PM-PS systems, heterogeneous PFOS distribution was observed when subsampling reaction vessels at different depths and "salting-out" of PFOS was evident. In addition, subsequent sonication and filtering of the samples led to the apparent disappearance of most of the PFOS, which was an artifact arising from the behavior of PFOS aggregates or potential hemi-micelle formation. Given these findings, addition of salts may have application for collecting or concentrating PFOS and other PFAAs in a remediation or water treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saerom Park
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
- Ecological Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Land, Water and Environment Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Linda S Lee
- Ecological Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Ian Ross
- Arcadis (UK) Limited, Arcadis House, 34 York Way, London, N1 9AB, UK
| | - Jake Hurst
- Arcadis (UK) Limited, Arcadis House, 34 York Way, London, N1 9AB, UK
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Huling SG, Ross RR, Prestbo KM. In Situ Chemical Oxidation: Permanganate Oxidant Volume Design Considerations. GROUND WATER MONITORING & REMEDIATION 2017; 37:78-86. [PMID: 32704225 PMCID: PMC7376949 DOI: 10.1111/gwmr.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Contaminant rebound and low contaminant removal are reported more frequently with in situ chemical oxidation than other in situ technologies. Although there are multiple causes for these results, a critical analysis indicates that low oxidant volume delivery is a key issue. The volume of oxidant injected is critical and porosity of the aquifer matrix can be used to estimate the pore volume. The total porosity (q T) is the volume of voids relative to the total volume of aquifer material. The mobile porosity (q M) is the fraction of voids that readily contributes to fluid displacement, and is less than q T leading to smaller estimates of oxidant volume. Injecting low-oxidant volume may result in inadequate oxidant distribution and postinjection dispersal within the radius of influence, insufficient oxidant contact and oxidant loading, and incomplete treatment; whereas, greater oxidant volume achieves a greater oxidant footprint and may involve risk that the injected oxidant may migrate into nontarget areas and displacement of contaminated groundwater. Design guidelines and recommendations are provided that could help achieve more effective technology deployment, reduce the role of heterogeneities in the subsurface, and result in greater probability the oxidant is delivered to the targeted treatment zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott G Huling
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Center, P.O. Box 1198, Ada, OK 74820
| | - Randall R Ross
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Center, P.O. Box 1198, Ada, OK 74820
| | - Kimberly Meeker Prestbo
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Cleanup, Region 10, 1200 Sixth Avenue, Suite 900, Seattle, WA 98101
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Sun B, Guan X, Fang J, Tratnyek PG. Activation of Manganese Oxidants with Bisulfite for Enhanced Oxidation of Organic Contaminants: The Involvement of Mn(III). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:12414-21. [PMID: 26421879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
MnO4(-) was activated by HSO3(-), resulting in a process that oxidizes organic contaminants at extraordinarily high rates. The permanganate/bisulfite (PM/BS) process oxidized phenol, ciprofloxacin, and methyl blue at pHini 5.0 with rates (kobs ≈ 60-150 s(-1)) that were 5-6 orders of magnitude faster than those measured for permanganate alone, and ∼5 to 7 orders of magnitude faster than conventional advanced oxidation processes for water treatment. Oxidation of phenol was fastest at pH 4.0, but still effective at pH 7.0, and only slightly slower when performed in tap water. A smaller, but still considerable (∼3 orders of magnitude) increase in oxidation rates of methyl blue was observed with MnO2 activated by HSO3(-) (MO/BS). The above results, time-resolved spectroscopy of manganese species under various conditions, stoichiometric analysis of pH changes, and the effect of pyrophosphate on UV absorbance spectra suggest that the reactive intermediate(s) responsible for the extremely rapid oxidation of organic contaminants in the PM/BS process involve manganese(III) species with minimal stabilization by complexation. The PM/BS process may lead to a new category of advanced oxidation technologies based on contaminant oxidation by reactive manganese(III) species, rather than hydroxyl and sulfate radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University , Shanghai 20092, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University , Shanghai 20092, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Paul G Tratnyek
- Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University , 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098, United States
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Hort RD, Revil A, Munakata-Marr J. Analysis of sources of bulk conductivity change in saturated silica sand after unbuffered TCE oxidation by permanganate. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2014; 165:11-23. [PMID: 25064184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Time lapse resistivity surveys could potentially improve monitoring of permanganate-based in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) of organic contaminants such as trichloroethene (TCE) by tracking changes in subsurface conductivity that result from injection of permanganate and oxidation of the contaminant. Bulk conductivity and pore fluid conductivity changes during unbuffered TCE oxidation using permanganate are examined through laboratory measurements and conductivity modeling using PHREEQC in fluid samples and porous media samples containing silica sand. In fluid samples, oxidation of one TCE molecule produces three chloride ions and one proton, resulting in an increase in fluid electrical conductivity despite the loss of two permanganate ions in the reaction. However, in saturated sand samples in which up to 8mM TCE was oxidized, at least 94% of the fluid conductivity associated with the presence of protons was removed within 3h of sand contact, most likely through protonation of silanol groups found on the surface of the sand grains. Minor conductivity effects most likely associated with pH-dependent reductive dissolution of manganese dioxide were also observed but not accounted for in pore-fluid conductivity modeling. Unaccounted conductivity effects resulted in an under-calculation of post-reaction pore fluid conductivity of 2.1% to 5.5%. Although small increases in the porous media formation factor resulting from precipitation of manganese dioxide were detected (about 3%), these increases could not be confirmed to be statistically significant. Both injection of permanganate and oxidation of TCE cause increases in bulk conductivity that would be detectable through time-lapse resistivity surveys in field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Hort
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA.
| | - André Revil
- Department of Geophysics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA; ISTerre, CNRS, UMR CNRS 5275, Université de Savoie, 73376 cedex, Le Bourget du Lac, France.
| | - Junko Munakata-Marr
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA.
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Stenuit B, Lamblin G, Cornelis P, Agathos SN. Aerobic denitration of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in the presence of phenazine compounds and reduced pyridine nucleotides. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:10605-10613. [PMID: 22881832 DOI: 10.1021/es302046h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Phenazine-containing spent culture supernatants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa concentrated with a C18 solid-phase extraction cartridge initiate NAD(P)H-dependent denitration of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). In this study, TNT denitration was investigated under aerobic conditions using two phenazine secondary metabolites excreted by P. aeruginosa, pyocyanin (Py) and its precursor phenazine-1- carboxylic acid (PCA), and two chemically synthesized pyocyanin analogs, phenazine methosulfate (PMS+) and phenazine ethosulfate (PES+). The biomimetic Py/NAD(P)H/O2 system was characterized and found to extensively denitrate TNT in unbuffered aqueous solution with minor production of toxic amino aromatic derivatives. To a much lesser extent, TNT denitration was also observed with PMS+ and PES+ in the presence of NAD(P)H. No TNT denitration was detected with the biomimetic PCA/NAD(P)H/O2 system. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy analysis of the biomimetic Py/NAD(P)H/O2 system revealed the generation of superoxide radical anions (O2 •−). In vitro TNT degradation experiments in the presence of specific inhibitors of reactive oxygen species suggest a nucleophilic attack of superoxide radical anion followed by TNT denitration through an as yet unknown mechanism. The results of this research confirm the high functional versatility of the redox-active metabolite pyocyanin and the susceptibility of aromatic compounds bearing electron withdrawing substituents, such as nitro groups, to superoxide-driven nucleophilic attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Stenuit
- Earth and Life Institute, Laboratory of Bioengineering, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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