Cai X, McGinnis JF. Diabetic Retinopathy: Animal Models, Therapies, and Perspectives.
J Diabetes Res 2016;
2016:3789217. [PMID:
26881246 PMCID:
PMC4736804 DOI:
10.1155/2016/3789217]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the major complications of diabetes. Although great efforts have been made to uncover the mechanisms underlying the pathology of DR, the exact causes of DR remain largely unknown. Because of multifactor involvement in DR etiology, currently no effective therapeutic treatments for DR are available. In this paper, we review the pathology of DR, commonly used animal models, and novel therapeutic approaches. Perspectives and future directions for DR treatment are discussed.
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