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Oppezzo P, Navarrete M, Chiorazzi N. AID in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Induction and Action During Disease Progression. Front Oncol 2021; 11:634383. [PMID: 34041018 PMCID: PMC8141630 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.634383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) initiates somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR) of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes, critical actions for an effective adaptive immune response. However, in addition to the benefits generated by its physiological roles, AID is an etiological factor for the development of human and murine leukemias and lymphomas. This review highlights the pathological role of AID and the consequences of its actions on the development, progression, and therapeutic refractoriness of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) as a model disease for mature lymphoid malignancies. First, we summarize pertinent aspects of the expression and function of AID in normal B lymphocytes. Then, we assess putative causes for AID expression in leukemic cells emphasizing the role of an activated microenvironment. Thirdly, we discuss the role of AID in lymphomagenesis, in light of recent data obtained by NGS analyses on the genomic landscape of leukemia and lymphomas, concentrating on the frequency of AID signatures in these cancers and correlating previously described tumor-gene drivers with the presence of AID off-target mutations. Finally, we discuss how these changes could affect tumor suppressor and proto-oncogene targets and how they could be associated with disease progression. Collectively, we hope that these sections will help to better understand the complex paradox between the physiological role of AID in adaptive immunity and its potential causative activity in B-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Oppezzo
- Research Laboratory on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Nicholas Chiorazzi
- The Karches Center for Oncology Research, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, New York, NY, United States
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Chronic lymphocytic leukemia with isochromosome 17q: An aggressive subgroup associated with TP53 mutations and complex karyotypes. Cancer Lett 2017; 409:42-48. [PMID: 28888994 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Although i(17q) [i(17q)] is frequently detected in hematological malignancies, few studies have assessed its clinical role in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We recruited a cohort of 22 CLL patients with i(17q) and described their biological characteristics, mutational status of the genes TP53 and IGHV and genomic complexity. Furthermore, we analyzed the impact of the type of cytogenetic anomaly bearing the TP53 defect on the outcome of CLL patients and compared the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of i(17q) cases with those of a group of 38 CLL patients harboring other 17p aberrations. We detected IGHV somatic hypermutation in all assessed patients, and TP53 mutations were observed in 71.4% of the cases. Patients with i(17q) were more commonly associated with complex karyotypes (CK) and tended to have a poorer OS than patients with other anomalies affecting 17p13 (median OS, 44 vs 120 months, P = 0.084). Regarding chromosomal alterations, significant differences in the median OS were found among groups (P = 0.044). In conclusion, our findings provide new insights regarding i(17q) in CLL and show a subgroup with adverse prognostic features.
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Sánchez-Martínez D, Lanuza PM, Gómez N, Muntasell A, Cisneros E, Moraru M, Azaceta G, Anel A, Martínez-Lostao L, Villalba M, Palomera L, Vilches C, García Marco JA, Pardo J. Activated Allogeneic NK Cells Preferentially Kill Poor Prognosis B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells. Front Immunol 2016; 7:454. [PMID: 27833611 PMCID: PMC5081347 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutational status of TP53 together with expression of wild-type (wt) IGHV represents the most widely accepted biomarkers, establishing a very poor prognosis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) patients. Adoptive cell therapy using allogeneic HLA-mismatched Natural killer (NK) cells has emerged as an effective and safe alternative in the treatment of acute myeloid and lymphoid leukemias that do not respond to traditional therapies. We have described that allogeneic activated NK cells eliminate hematological cancer cell lines with multidrug resistance acquired by mutations in the apoptotic machinery. This effect depends on the activation protocol, being B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) the most effective stimulus to activate NK cells. Here, we have further analyzed the molecular determinants involved in allogeneic NK cell recognition and elimination of B-CLL cells, including the expression of ligands of the main NK cell-activating receptors (NKG2D and NCRs) and HLA mismatch. We present preliminary data suggesting that B-CLL susceptibility significantly correlates with HLA mismatch between NK cell donor and B-CLL patient. Moreover, we show that the sensitivity of B-CLL cells to NK cells depends on the prognosis based on TP53 and IGHV mutational status. Cells from patients with worse prognosis (mutated TP53 and wt IGHV) are the most susceptible to activated NK cells. Hence, B-CLL prognosis may predict the efficacy of allogenic activated NK cells, and, thus, NK cell transfer represents a good alternative to treat poor prognosis B-CLL patients who present a very short life expectancy due to lack of effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sánchez-Martínez
- Biomedical Research Center of Aragón (CIBA), Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Pilar M Lanuza
- Biomedical Research Center of Aragón (CIBA), Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Natalia Gómez
- Immunogenetics and HLA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro , Majadahonda , Spain
| | - Aura Muntasell
- Immunity and infection Lab, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Elisa Cisneros
- Immunogenetics and HLA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro , Majadahonda , Spain
| | - Manuela Moraru
- Immunogenetics and HLA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro , Majadahonda , Spain
| | - Gemma Azaceta
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS)/Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón) , Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Alberto Anel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Luis Martínez-Lostao
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS)/Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; Nanoscience Institute of Aragon (INA), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Martin Villalba
- INSERM U1183, Université de Montpellier 1, UFR Médecine, Montpellier, France; Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Luis Palomera
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS)/Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón) , Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Carlos Vilches
- Immunity and infection Lab, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - José A García Marco
- Unidad de Citogenética Molecular/Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda , Madrid , Spain
| | - Julián Pardo
- Biomedical Research Center of Aragón (CIBA), Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Nanoscience Institute of Aragon (INA), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Aragón I+D Foundation (ARAID), Government of Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Microbiology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Porwit A, Fend F, Kremer M, Orazi A, Safali M, van der Walt J. Issues in diagnosis of small B cell lymphoid neoplasms involving the bone marrow and peripheral blood. Report on the Bone Marrow Workshop of the XVIIth meeting of the European Association for Haematopathology and the Society for Hematopathology. Histopathology 2016; 69:349-73. [PMID: 27208429 DOI: 10.1111/his.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Small B cell lymphoid neoplasms are the most common lymphoproliferative disorders involving peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM). The Bone Marrow Workshop (BMW) organized by the European Bone Marrow Working Group (EBMWG) of the European Association for Haematopathology (EAHP) during the XVIIth EAHP Meeting in Istanbul, October 2014, was dedicated to discussion of cases illustrating how the recent advances in immunophenotyping, molecular techniques and cytogenetics provide better understanding and classification of these entities. Submitted cases were grouped into following categories: (i) cases illustrating diagnostic difficulties in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL); (ii) cases of BM manifestations of small B cell lymphoid neoplasms other than CLL; (iii) transformation of small B cell lymphoid neoplasms in the BM; and (iv) multiclonality and composite lymphomas in the BM. This report summarizes presented cases and conclusions of the BMW and provides practical recommendations for classification of the BM manifestations of small B cell lymphoid neoplasms based on the current state of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Porwit
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Previous address: Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Falko Fend
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcus Kremer
- Institute of Pathology, Staedtisches Klinikum, München, Germany
| | - Attilio Orazi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jon van der Walt
- Department of Histopathology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals, London, UK
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Somatic MED12 mutations are associated with poor prognosis markers in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oncotarget 2015; 6:1884-8. [PMID: 25595892 PMCID: PMC4359339 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in adults. We performed systematic database search and identified highly specific MED12 mutations in CLL patients. To study this further, we collected three independent sample series comprising over 700 CLL samples and screened MED12 exons 1 and 2 by direct sequencing. Mutations were identified at significant frequency in all three series with a combined mutation frequency of 5.2% (37/709). Positive mutation status was found to be associated with unmutated IGHV and ZAP70 expression, which are well-known poor prognosis markers in CLL. Our results recognize CLL as the first extrauterine cancer type where 5′ terminus of MED12 is mutated at significant frequency. Functional analyses have shown that these mutations lead to dissociation of Cyclin C-CDK8/19 from the core Mediator and to the loss of Mediator-associated CDK kinase activity. Additional studies on the role of MED12 mutation status as a putative prognostic factor as well as mutations' exact tumorigenic mechanism in CLL are warranted.
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Abstract
In this issue of Cancer Cell, Cao and colleagues identify an FGF4/Jagged1-driven crosstalk between tumor cells and their vascular niche that activates Notch signaling, sustaining the aggressiveness of certain mouse and human B cell lymphomas. These findings identify new therapeutic opportunities to target pathogenic angiocrine functions in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedran Radojcic
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ivan Maillard
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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