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Marbach-Breitrück E, Kalledat A, Heydeck D, Stehling S, Fluhr JW, Zuberbier T, Kuhn H. Atopic Patients Show Increased Interleukin 4 Plasma Levels but the Degree of Elevation Is Not Sufficient to Upregulate Interleukin-4-Sensitive Genes. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 32:192-200. [PMID: 31096247 DOI: 10.1159/000499431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic diseases constitute a major health challenge for industrialized countries, and elevated levels of interleukin 4 (IL-4) frequently characterize these disorders. Previous in vitroanalyses have indicated that IL-4 strongly upregulates the expression of IL-4-sensitive genes in human monocytes. OBJECTIVE To explore whether similar expression alterations may contribute to the pathomechanisms of atopic diseases in vivo we carried out a small-scale case-control clinical study (n = 43), in which we quantified the plasma levels of IgE and IL-4 as well as the expression of selected IL-4-sensitive genes in blood leukocytes. METHODS 34 allergic patients suffering from allergic rhinitis (n = 11), atopic eczema (n = 11) and allergic asthma (n = 12) as well as 9 healthy control individuals were recruited. IgE and IL-4 plasma levels were determined by ELISA, and the expression of selected IL-4-sensitive gene products in blood leukocytes was quantified by qRT-PCR. In addition, the fatty acid oxygenase activity of isolated monocytes was measured by RP-HPLC analysis of the arachidonic acid oxygenation products (ex vivo activity assays). RESULTS We found that plasma levels of IgE and IL-4 were significantly elevated in atopic patients but the degree of elevation was not sufficient to upregulate the expression of the selected IL-4-sensitive genes in circulating leukocytes. Moreover, the arachidonic acid oxygenase activity of blood monocytes was not significantly altered in atopic patients. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the IL-4 plasma levels of atopic patients are not high enough to impact the expression of IL-4-sensitive genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Marbach-Breitrück
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Kalledat
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar Heydeck
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Stehling
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim W Fluhr
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Kuhn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,
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Zhu J, Bandi V, Qiu S, Figueroa DJ, Evans JF, Barnes N, Guntupalli KK, Jeffery PK. Cysteinyl leukotriene 1 receptor expression associated with bronchial inflammation in severe exacerbations of COPD. Chest 2012; 142:347-357. [PMID: 22871757 DOI: 10.1378/chest.11-1581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cysteinyl leukotriene 1 (CysLT1) receptor expression is known to be increased in the airway mucosa of patients with asthma, especially during exacerbations; however, nothing is known of its expression in COPD. METHODS We applied immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization to endobronchial biopsies to determine inflammatory cell CysLT1 receptor protein and mRNA expression in the following: (1) 15 nonsmoker control subjects (NSC), (2) 16 smokers with moderate to severe COPD in its stable phase (S-COPD), and (3) 15 smokers with COPD hospitalized for a severe exacerbation (SE-COPD). RESULTS The total number of bronchial mucosal inflammatory cells (CD45+) and those expressing CysLT1 receptor protein were significantly greater in SE-COPD (CysLT1 receptor protein: median [range] = 139 [31-634]) as compared with S-COPD (32 [6-114]) or NSC (16 [4-66]) (P < .001 for both). CysLT1 receptor gene expression showed similar differences. A greater proportion of CD451 cells expressed CysLT1 receptor protein in SE-COPD (median [range] = 22% [8-81]) compared with S-COPD (10% [4-32]) (P < .03) or NSC (7% [1-19]) (P < .002). In SE-COPD, the relative frequencies of CysLT1 receptor-expressing cells were as follows: tryptase1 mast cells > CD681 monocytes/macrophage > neutrophils > CD201 B lymphocytes = EG21 eosinophils. Moreover, there were positive correlations between the numbers of cells expressing CysLT1 receptor protein and the numbers of CD451 cells (r = 0.78; P < .003) and tryptase1 mast cells (r = 0.62; P < .02). CONCLUSIONS Bronchial mucosal CysLT1 receptor-positive inflammatory cells are present in the bronchial mucosa in COPD in greatest number in those experiencing a severe exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Lung Pathology Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Venkata Bandi
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Ben Taub General Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Shengyang Qiu
- Lung Pathology Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Imperial College London, London, England
| | | | - Jilly F Evans
- Department of Pharmacology, Merck & Co Inc, West Point, PA
| | - Neil Barnes
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barts and The London Hospital, London, England
| | - Kay K Guntupalli
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Ben Taub General Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Peter K Jeffery
- Lung Pathology Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Imperial College London, London, England.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a disorder of the conducting airways that contract too easily and too much to cause variable airflow obstruction with symptoms of wheeze, cough, chest tightness and shortness of breath. Based on this knowledge, initial treatments were directed to dilating the contracted airways with anticholinergic and adrenergic drugs. The recognition that allergic-type inflammation underlay the hyperresponsive airways in asthma led to the introduction of anti-inflammatory drugs such as sodium cromoglicate and corticosteroids. Over the 2 decades that followed, these drugs have been progressively improved by increasing their therapeutic index and duration of action. METHODS A review of the recent literature indicates that since the 1980s, the explosive increase in knowledge of the cell and mediator mechanisms of asthma has only led to modest improvements in therapy including the introduction of leukotriene modifiers and a blocking monoclonal antibody against IgE. Indeed, biologics targeting allergic cytokines and effector cells have on the whole proven disappointing despite initial promise being shown in animal models. RESULTS Part of the difficulty lies in the oversimplified concept that asthma is only driven by allergic processes when in reality there are many environmental causes and triggers and the view that it is a homogeneous disorder only varying in severity. CONCLUSIONS The more recent views that asthma is a complex disorder made up of different subtypes with differing causes, treatment responses and natural histories creates a new opportunity for stratified medicine in which therapies acting upstream selectively target specific disease subtypes identified by specific diagnostic biomarkers.
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Tecklenburg-Lund S, Mickleborough TD, Turner LA, Fly AD, Stager JM, Montgomery GS. Randomized controlled trial of fish oil and montelukast and their combination on airway inflammation and hyperpnea-induced bronchoconstriction. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13487. [PMID: 20976161 PMCID: PMC2956690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Both fish oil and montelukast have been shown to reduce the severity of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of fish oil and montelukast, alone and in combination, on airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction induced by eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea (EVH) in asthmatics. Methods In this model of EIB, twenty asthmatic subjects with documented hyperpnea-induced bronchoconstriction (HIB) entered a randomized double-blind trial. All subjects entered on their usual diet (pre-treatment, n = 20) and then were randomly assigned to receive either one active 10 mg montelukast tablet and 10 placebo fish oil capsules (n = 10) or one placebo montelukast tablet and 10 active fish oil capsules totaling 3.2 g EPA and 2.0 g DHA (n = 10) taken daily for 3-wk. Thereafter, all subjects (combination treatment; n = 20) underwent another 3-wk treatment period consisting of a 10 mg active montelukast tablet or 10 active fish oil capsules taken daily. Results While HIB was significantly inhibited (p<0.05) by montelukast, fish oil and combination treatment compared to pre-treatment, there was no significant difference (p>0.017) between treatment groups; percent fall in forced expiratory volume in 1-sec was −18.4±2.1%, −9.3±2.8%, −11.6±2.8% and −10.8±1.7% on usual diet (pre-treatment), fish oil, montelukast and combination treatment respectively. All three treatments were associated with a significant reduction (p<0.05) in FENO, exhaled breathe condensate pH and cysteinyl-leukotrienes, while the fish oil and combination treatment significantly reduced (p<0.05) urinary 9α, 11β-prostaglandin F2 after EVH compared to the usual diet; however, there was no significant difference (p>0.017) in these biomarkers between treatments. Conclusion While fish oil and montelukast are both effective in attenuating airway inflammation and HIB, combining fish oil with montelukast did not confer a greater protective effect than either intervention alone. Fish oil supplementation should be considered as an alternative treatment for EIB. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00676468
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Tecklenburg-Lund
- Human Performance and Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
- Health and Human Performance, Nebraska Wesleyan University, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Timothy D. Mickleborough
- Human Performance and Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Louise A. Turner
- Human Performance and Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Alyce D. Fly
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Joel M. Stager
- Human Performance and Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Gregory S. Montgomery
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
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Mezhybovska M, Yudina Y, Abhyankar A, Sjölander A. Beta-catenin is involved in alterations in mitochondrial activity in non-transformed intestinal epithelial and colon cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2009; 101:1596-605. [PMID: 19826421 PMCID: PMC2778528 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alteration in respiratory activity and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) transcription seems to be an important feature of cancer cells. Leukotriene D(4) (LTD(4)) is a proinflammatory mediator implicated in the pathology of chronic inflammation and cancer. We have shown earlier that LTD(4) causes translocation of beta-catenin both to the mitochondria, in which it associates with the survival protein Bcl-2 identifying a novel role for beta-catenin in cell survival, and to the nucleus in which it activates the TCF/LEF transcription machinery. METHODS Here we have used non-transformed intestinal epithelial Int 407 cells and Caco-2 colon cancer cells, transfected or not with wild type and mutated (S33Y) beta-catenin to analyse its effect on mitochondria activity. We have measured the ATP/ADP ratio, and transcription of the mtDNA genes ND2, ND6 and 16 s in these cells stimulated or not with LTD(4). RESULTS We have shown for the first time that LTD(4) triggers a cellular increase in NADPH dehydrogenase activity and ATP/ADP ratio. In addition, LTD(4) significantly increased the transcription of mtDNA genes. Overexpression of wild-type beta-catenin or a constitutively active beta-catenin mutant mimicked the effect of LTD(4) on ATP/ADP ratio and mtDNA transcription. These elevations in mitochondrial activity resulted in increased reactive oxygen species levels and subsequent activations of the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB. CONCLUSIONS The present novel data show that LTD(4), presumably through beta-catenin accumulation in the mitochondria, affects mitochondrial activity, lending further credence to the idea that inflammatory signalling pathways are intrinsically linked with potential oncogenic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mezhybovska
- Cell and Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, SE-205 02, Sweden
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Ramsay CF, Sullivan P, Gizycki M, Wang D, Swern AS, Barnes NC, Reiss TF, Jeffery PK. Montelukast and bronchial inflammation in asthma: a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Respir Med 2009; 103:995-1003. [PMID: 19249198 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2009.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Revised: 01/19/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Examination of bronchoalveolar lavage, induced sputum, and peripheral blood indicate that cysteinyl leukotriene receptor blockers decrease inflammatory cells in asthma but these do not examine airway tissue per se. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to determine the effect of montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, on airway tissue inflammatory cells by direct bronchoscopic examination of the bronchial mucosa. METHODS Adult subjects with mild asthma (pre-bronchodilator FEV(1)> or =70% predicted; PC(20) of < or =4 mg/mL) were given 10mg/day oral montelukast (N=38) or placebo (N=37) for 6 weeks. Bronchial mucosal eosinophils and mast cells were identified and counted. RESULTS Change from baseline in numbers of biopsy EG2+ ("activated") eosinophils was the primary endpoint; numbers of total (chromotrope 2R+) eosinophils and (tryptase+) mast cells were secondary. Unexpectedly, there were many patients with zero EG2+ eosinophils at baseline. There was a within-group decrease in EG2+ cells, from 13.54 cells/mm (at baseline) to 0.79 cells/mm at 6 weeks in the montelukast group (LS mean change; 95% confidence interval=-13.59 [-25.45, -1.74]cells/mm; P<0.05), a change not observed in the placebo group (-1.17 [-13.26, 10.91]cells/mm; NS). The zero-inflated Poisson statistical model demonstrated that montelukast significantly reduced post-treatment EG2+ cells by 80% compared with placebo (95% CI [70.6-86.8%]; P<0.0001). The data for total eosinophils showed similar changes. The reduction in mast cell numbers was 12% (95% CI [7.9, 16.0]; P<0.0001). CONCLUSION Direct examination of airway tissue confirms that montelukast decreases the number of eosinophils and mast cells in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Ramsay
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
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Ammit AJ, Burgess JK, Hirst SJ, Hughes JM, Kaur M, Lau JY, Zuyderduyn S. The effect of asthma therapeutics on signalling and transcriptional regulation of airway smooth muscle function. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2008; 22:446-54. [PMID: 19022391 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2008.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2008] [Revised: 10/02/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE OF THE REVIEW Our knowledge of the multifunctional nature of airway smooth muscle (ASM) has expanded rapidly in the last decade, but the underlying molecular mechanisms and how current therapies for obstructive airway diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), affect these are still being elucidated. Our current knowledge has built on the pharmacology of human ASM contraction and relaxation established prior to that and which is reviewed in detail elsewhere in this issue. The advent of methods to isolate and culture ASM cells, especially human ASM cells, has made it possible to study how they may contribute to airway remodelling through their synthetic, proliferative, and migratory capacities. Now the underlying molecular mechanisms of ASM growth factor secretion, extracellular matrix (ECM) production, proliferation and migration, as well as contraction and relaxation, are being determined. A complex network of signalling pathways leading to gene transcription in ASM cells permits this functional plasticity in healthy and diseased airways. This review is an overview of the effects of current therapies, and some of those in development, on key signalling pathways and transcription factors involved in these ASM functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaina J Ammit
- Respiratory Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Capra V, Thompson MD, Sala A, Cole DE, Folco G, Rovati GE. Cysteinyl-leukotrienes and their receptors in asthma and other inflammatory diseases: critical update and emerging trends. Med Res Rev 2007; 27:469-527. [PMID: 16894531 DOI: 10.1002/med.20071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cysteinyl-leukotrienes (cysteinyl-LTs), that is, LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4, trigger contractile and inflammatory responses through the specific interaction with G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) belonging to the purine receptor cluster of the rhodopsin family, and identified as CysLT receptors (CysLTRs). Cysteinyl-LTs have a clear role in pathophysiological conditions such as asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR), and have been implicated in other inflammatory conditions including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, atopic dermatitis, and urticaria. Molecular cloning of human CysLT1R and CysLT2R subtypes has confirmed most of the previous pharmacological characterization and identified distinct expression patterns only partially overlapping. Interestingly, recent data provide evidence for the immunomodulation of CysLTR expression, the existence of additional receptor subtypes, and of an intracellular pool of CysLTRs that may have roles different from those of plasma membrane receptors. Furthermore, genetic variants have been identified for the CysLTRs that may interact to confer risk for atopy. Finally, a crosstalk between the cysteinyl-LT and the purine systems is being delineated. This review will summarize and attempt to integrate recent data derived from studies on the molecular pharmacology and pharmacogenetics of CysLTRs, and will consider the therapeutic opportunities arising from the new roles suggested for cysteinyl-LTs and their receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Asthma/drug therapy
- Asthma/physiopathology
- Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Dermatitis, Atopic/drug therapy
- Dermatitis, Atopic/etiology
- Female
- Humans
- Hydroxyurea/adverse effects
- Hydroxyurea/analogs & derivatives
- Leukotriene Antagonists/adverse effects
- Leukotriene Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Leukotriene C4/physiology
- Leukotriene D4/physiology
- Leukotriene E4/physiology
- Membrane Proteins/drug effects
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/physiology
- Pharmacogenetics
- Receptors, Leukotriene/drug effects
- Receptors, Leukotriene/genetics
- Receptors, Leukotriene/physiology
- Receptors, Purinergic/physiology
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/drug therapy
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/physiopathology
- SRS-A/biosynthesis
- Tissue Distribution
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Capra
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Zhu J, Qiu YS, Figueroa DJ, Bandi V, Galczenski H, Hamada K, Guntupalli KK, Evans JF, Jeffery PK. Localization and upregulation of cysteinyl leukotriene-1 receptor in asthmatic bronchial mucosa. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2005; 33:531-40. [PMID: 16123393 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2005-0124oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We have tested the hypothesis that the CysLT(1) receptor is expressed by a variety of bronchial mucosal immune cells and that the numbers of these cells increase in asthma, when stable and in exacerbations. We have applied in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to endobronchial biopsy tissue to identify and count inflammatory cells expressing CysLT(1) receptor mRNA and protein, respectively, and used double immunohistochemistry to identify the specific cell immunophenotypes expressing the receptor. Double-labeling demonstrated that bronchial mucosal eosinophils, neutrophils, mast cells, macrophages, B-lymphocytes, and plasma cells, but not T-lymphocytes, expressed the CysLT(1) receptor. The numbers of CysLT(1) receptor mRNA and protein positive inflammatory cells in nonsmoking, nonatopic control subjects without asthma were 13 and 16 mm(-2), respectively (median values; n = 15), and were significantly greater in stable asthma (50 and 43 mm(-2), respectively; n = 17; P < 0.001). Compared with stable asthma, there were further significant increases in subjects hospitalized for a severe exacerbation of their asthma (mRNA: median = 113 and protein: 156 mm(-2); n = 15; P < 0.002). For the combined data of both asthma subgroups, there were strong positive correlations between the increased numbers of CD45+ leukocytes and the greater numbers of cells expressing CysLT(1) receptor (mRNA: r = 0.60, P < 0.001; protein: r = 0.73, P < 0.0001). In conclusion, a variety of immunohistologically distinct inflammatory cells express the CysLT(1) receptor in the bronchial mucosa and both these and the total number of leukocytes increase in mild stable disease and increase further when there is a severe exacerbation of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Lung Pathology, Imperial College London, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP, United Kingdom
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Trezena AG, da Silva ZL, Oliveira-Filho RM, Damazo AS, Straus AH, Takahashi HK, Oliani SM, de Lima WT. Differential regulation of the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and of eicosanoids by mast cells in rat airways after antigen challenge. Mediators Inflamm 2004; 12:237-46. [PMID: 14514475 PMCID: PMC1781613 DOI: 10.1080/09629350310001599684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Rat trachea display a differential topographical distribution of connective tissue mast cells (CTMC) and mucosal mast cells (MMC) that may imply regional differences in the release of allergic mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and eicosanoids. AIM: To evaluate the role of CTMC and MMC for release of TNF-alpha and eicosanoids after allergenic challenge in distinct segments of rat trachea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Proximal trachea (PT) and distal trachea (DT) from ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized rats, treated or not with compound 48/80 (48/80) or dexamethasone, were incubated in culture medium. After OVA challenge, aliquots were collected to study release of TNF-alpha and eicosanoids. RESULTS: Release of TNF-alpha by PT upon OVA challenge peaked at 90 min and decayed at 6 and 24 h. Release from DT peaked at 30-90 min and decayed 6 and 24 h later. When CTMC were depleted with 48/80, OVA challenge exacerbated the TNF-alpha release by PT at all time intervals, while DT exacerbated TNF-alpha levels 6 and 24 h later only. Dexamethasone reduced TNF-alpha production after 90 min of OVA challenge in PT and at 3 and 6h in DT. OVA challenge increased prostaglandin D2) in DT and leukotriene B4 in both segments but did not modify prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene C4 release. CONCLUSION: OVA challenge induces TNF-alpha release from MMC, which is negatively regulated by CTMC. The profile of TNF-alpha and eicosanoids depends on the time after OVA challenge and of the tracheal segment considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryene Goes Trezena
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Laboratory of Anaerobic Vaccines, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
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