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Nikolic T, Srejovic I, Stojic I, Jeremic J, Folic M, Matic S, Rakocevic M, Jancic S, Jakovljevic B, Obrenovic R, Djuric D, Zivkovic V. Atherogenic Impact of Homocysteine: Can HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Additionally Influence Hyperhomocysteinaemia? SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/sjecr-2017-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The strong association among the risk of coronary artery diseases (CAD), high levels of LDL-C and low levels of HDLC is well established. Hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and causes endothelial dysfunction, a hallmark of atherosclerosis. In this study, we ascertained the influence of statins on the atherogenic index, as an indicator and a significant adjunct for predicting atherosclerosis in hyperhomocysteinaemic male Wistar albino rats. For 4 weeks, the animals were fed with one of the following diets (Mucedola SRL., Milan, Italy): standard rodent chow; a diet enriched in methionine with no deficiency in B vitamins or a diet enriched in methio-nine and deficient in B vitamins. The animals were simultaneously exposed to a pharmacology treatment with atorvastatin at dose of 3 mg/kg/day i.p. or simvastatin, at dose of 5 mg/kg/day i.p. We measured weight gain, food intake, and FER and determined the concentrations of biochemical parameters of dyslipidaemia (TC, TGs, LDL-C, VLDL-C, and HDL-C), AI, and CRR. A histopathological examination was conducted on portions of the right and left liver lobes from each animal. A connection between Hhcy and dyslipidaemia was indicated by the findings of biochemical and histological analyses, suggesting that Hhcy was a pro-atherogenic state. An improvement in the lipid profile along with a decrease in the atherogenic index by statins suggests that atorvastatin and simvastatin could be useful antiatherogenic agents, with protective activities during hyperhomocysteinaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Nikolic
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Kragujevac , Faculty of Medical Sciences , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Ivan Srejovic
- Department of Physiology , University of Kragujevac , Faculty of Medical Sciences , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Isidora Stojic
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Kragujevac , Faculty of Medical Sciences , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Jovana Jeremic
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Kragujevac , Faculty of Medical Sciences , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Marko Folic
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Kragujevac , Faculty of Medical Sciences , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Stevan Matic
- Department of Pathology , University of Kragujevac , Faculty of Medical Sciences , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Milena Rakocevic
- Department of Pathology , University of Kragujevac , Faculty of Medical Sciences , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Snezana Jancic
- Department of Pathology , University of Kragujevac , Faculty of Medical Sciences , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | | | - Radmila Obrenovic
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry , Clinical Centre of Serbia , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Dusan Djuric
- Faculty of Medicine , Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian” , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Vladimir Zivkovic
- Department of Physiology , University of Kragujevac , Faculty of Medical Sciences , Kragujevac , Serbia
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Homocysteine thiolactone and N-homocysteinylated protein induce pro-atherogenic changes in gene expression in human vascular endothelial cells. Amino Acids 2015; 47:1319-39. [PMID: 25802182 PMCID: PMC4458266 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-1956-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Genetic or nutritional deficiencies in homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism lead to hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and cause endothelial dysfunction, a hallmark of atherosclerosis. In addition to Hcy, related metabolites accumulate in HHcy but their role in endothelial dysfunction is unknown. Here, we examine how Hcy-thiolactone, N-Hcy-protein, and Hcy affect gene expression and molecular pathways in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. We used microarray technology, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and bioinformatic analysis with PANTHER, DAVID, and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) resources. We identified 47, 113, and 30 mRNAs regulated by N-Hcy-protein, Hcy-thiolactone, and Hcy, respectively, and found that each metabolite induced a unique pattern of gene expression. Top molecular pathways affected by Hcy-thiolactone were chromatin organization, one-carbon metabolism, and lipid-related processes [−log(P value) = 20–31]. Top pathways affected by N-Hcy-protein and Hcy were blood coagulation, sulfur amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism [−log(P value)] = 4–11; also affected by Hcy-thiolactone, [−log(P value) = 8–14]. Top disease related to Hcy-thiolactone, N-Hcy-protein, and Hcy was ‘atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease’ [−log(P value) = 9–16]. Top-scored biological networks affected by Hcy-thiolactone (score = 34–40) were cardiovascular disease and function; those affected by N-Hcy-protein (score = 24–35) were ‘small molecule biochemistry, neurological disease,’ and ‘cardiovascular system development and function’; and those affected by Hcy (score = 25–37) were ‘amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism,’ ‘cellular movement, and cardiovascular and nervous system development and function.’ These results indicate that each Hcy metabolite uniquely modulates gene expression in pathways important for vascular homeostasis and identify new genes and pathways that are linked to HHcy-induced endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease.
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Aydin M, Gokkusu C, Ozkok E, Tulubas F, Unlucerci Y, Pamukcu B, Ozbek Z, Umman B. Association of genetic variants in Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase and Paraoxonase-1 genes with homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 in coronary artery disease. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 325:199-208. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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