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Carpentier F, Rodríguez de la Vega RC, Branco S, Snirc A, Coelho MA, Hood ME, Giraud T. Convergent recombination cessation between mating-type genes and centromeres in selfing anther-smut fungi. Genome Res 2019; 29:944-953. [PMID: 31043437 PMCID: PMC6581054 DOI: 10.1101/gr.242578.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The degree of selfing has major impacts on adaptability and is often controlled by molecular mechanisms determining mating compatibility. Changes in compatibility systems are therefore important evolutionary events, but their underlying genomic mechanisms are often poorly understood. Fungi display frequent shifts in compatibility systems, and their small genomes facilitate elucidation of the mechanisms involved. In particular, linkage between the pre- and postmating compatibility loci has evolved repeatedly, increasing the odds of gamete compatibility under selfing. Here, we studied the mating-type chromosomes of two anther-smut fungi with unlinked mating-type loci despite a self-fertilization mating system. Segregation analyses and comparisons of high-quality genome assemblies revealed that these two species displayed linkage between mating-type loci and their respective centromeres. This arrangement renders the same improved odds of gamete compatibility as direct linkage of the two mating-type loci under the automictic mating (intratetrad selfing) of anther-smut fungi. Recombination cessation was found associated with a large inversion in only one of the four linkage events. The lack of trans-specific polymorphism at genes located in nonrecombining regions and linkage date estimates indicated that the events of recombination cessation occurred independently in the two sister species. Our study shows that natural selection can repeatedly lead to similar genomic patterns and phenotypes, and that different evolutionary paths can lead to distinct yet equally beneficial responses to selection. Our study further highlights that automixis and gene linkage to centromeres have important genetic and evolutionary consequences, while being poorly recognized despite being present in a broad range of taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fantin Carpentier
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Bâtiment 360, Univ. Paris-Sud, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Ricardo C Rodríguez de la Vega
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Bâtiment 360, Univ. Paris-Sud, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Sara Branco
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Bâtiment 360, Univ. Paris-Sud, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Alodie Snirc
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Bâtiment 360, Univ. Paris-Sud, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Marco A Coelho
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Michael E Hood
- Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, USA
| | - Tatiana Giraud
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Bâtiment 360, Univ. Paris-Sud, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
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2
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Lower SS, Johnston JS, Stanger-Hall KF, Hjelmen CE, Hanrahan SJ, Korunes K, Hall D. Genome Size in North American Fireflies: Substantial Variation Likely Driven by Neutral Processes. Genome Biol Evol 2017; 9:1499-1512. [PMID: 28541478 PMCID: PMC5499882 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic genomes show tremendous size variation across taxa. Proximate explanations for genome size variation include differences in ploidy and amounts of noncoding DNA, especially repetitive DNA. Ultimate explanations include selection on physiological correlates of genome size such as cell size, which in turn influence body size, resulting in the often-observed correlation between body size and genome size. In this study, we examined body size and repetitive DNA elements in relationship to the evolution of genome size in North American representatives of a single beetle family, the Lampyridae (fireflies). The 23 species considered represent an excellent study system because of the greater than 5-fold range of genome sizes, documented here using flow cytometry, and the 3-fold range in body size, measured using pronotum width. We also identified common genomic repetitive elements using low-coverage sequencing. We found a positive relationship between genome size and repetitive DNA, particularly retrotransposons. Both genome size and these elements were evolving as expected given phylogenetic relatedness. We also tested whether genome size varied with body size and found no relationship. Together, our results suggest that genome size is evolving neutrally in fireflies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David Hall
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia
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3
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Harshman LG, Futuyma DJ. THE ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION OF CLONAL DIVERSITY IN
ALSOPHILA POMETARIA
(LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE). Evolution 2017; 39:315-324. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb05669.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/1984] [Accepted: 09/24/1984] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence G. Harshman
- Department of Ecology and Evolution State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook NY 11794
| | - Douglas J. Futuyma
- Department of Ecology and Evolution State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook NY 11794
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4
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Wetherington JD, Kotora KE, Vrijenhoek RC. A TEST OF THE SPONTANEOUS HETEROSIS HYPOTHESIS FOR UNISEXUAL VERTEBRATES. Evolution 2017; 41:721-731. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1987.tb05848.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/1986] [Accepted: 02/19/1987] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D. Wetherington
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bureau of Biological Research Rutgers University P.O. Box 1059 Piscataway NJ 08855
| | - Karen E. Kotora
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bureau of Biological Research Rutgers University P.O. Box 1059 Piscataway NJ 08855
| | - Robert C. Vrijenhoek
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bureau of Biological Research Rutgers University P.O. Box 1059 Piscataway NJ 08855
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5
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Parker ED. PHENOTYPIC CONSEQUENCES OF PARTHENOGENESIS IN CNEMIDOPHORUS LIZARDS. I. VARIABILITY IN PARTHENOGENETIC AND SEXUAL POPULATIONS. Evolution 2017; 33:1150-1166. [PMID: 28563919 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1979.tb04769.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/1978] [Revised: 03/05/1979] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Davis Parker
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, N.Y., 14627
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6
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Moritz C. PARTHENOGENESIS IN THE TROPICAL GEKKONID LIZARD,
NACTUS ARNOUXII
(SAURIA: GEKKONIDAE). Evolution 2017; 41:1252-1266. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1987.tb02464.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/1987] [Accepted: 06/05/1987] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig Moritz
- Laboratory of Molecular Systematics, Museum of Zoology and Department of Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109
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7
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Mitter C, Futuyma DJ, Schneider JC, Hare JD. GENETIC VARIATION AND HOST PLANT RELATIONS IN A PARTHENOGENETIC MOTH. Evolution 2017; 33:777-790. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1979.tb04733.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/1978] [Revised: 12/08/1978] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Mitter
- Department of Ecology and Evolution State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook New York 11794
| | - Douglas J. Futuyma
- Department of Ecology and Evolution State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook New York 11794
| | - John C. Schneider
- Department of Biology Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08540
| | - J. Daniel Hare
- Department of Ecology and Evolution State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook New York 11794
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8
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Ochman H, Stille B, Niklasson M, Selander RK, Templeton AR. EVOLUTION OF CLONAL DIVERSITY IN THE PARTHENOGENETIC FLY
LONCHOPTERA DUBIA. Evolution 2017; 34:539-547. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1980.tb04842.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/1979] [Revised: 10/16/1979] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Howard Ochman
- Department of Biology University of Rochester Rochester New York 14627
| | - Bo Stille
- Department of Biology University of Rochester Rochester New York 14627
| | - Monica Niklasson
- Department of Biology University of Rochester Rochester New York 14627
| | | | - Alan R. Templeton
- Department of Biology Washington University St. Louis Missouri 63130
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Schenck RA, Vrijenhoek RC. SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL FACTORS AFFECTING COEXISTENCE AMONG SEXUAL AND CLONAL FORMS OF
POECILIOPSIS. Evolution 2017; 40:1060-1070. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1986.tb00573.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/1985] [Accepted: 04/28/1986] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Vershinina AO, Kuznetsova VG. Parthenogenesis in Hexapoda: Entognatha and non-holometabolous insects. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alisa O. Vershinina
- Department of Karyosystematics; Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences; St. Petersburg Russia
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology; University of California Santa Cruz; Santa Cruz CA USA
| | - Valentina G. Kuznetsova
- Department of Karyosystematics; Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences; St. Petersburg Russia
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11
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Lanteri AA, Guzmán NV, Del Río MG, Confalonieri VA. Potential geographic distributions and successful invasions of parthenogenetic broad-nosed weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) native to South America. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2013; 42:677-687. [PMID: 23905730 DOI: 10.1603/en12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ten species of parthenogenetic broad-nosed weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae) native to Argentina, southern Brazil, and Uruguay were selected for niche modeling analysis based on climatic data and altitude, to evaluate their potential range expansion inside and outside South America. The selected species belong to five genera of the tribe Naupactini affecting economically important crops. Until present, five of the 10 species analyzed here have invaded prairies and steppes of countries outside South America (Australia, New Zealand, Mexico, United States, and South Africa): Aramigus tessellatus (Say), Atrichonotus sordidus (Hustache), Atrichonotus taeniatulus (Berg), Naupactus leucoloma Boheman, and Naupactus peregrinus (Buchanan). Our niche modeling analyses performed with MAXENT demonstrated that these areas would be also suitable for Aramigus conirostris (Hustache), Eurymetopus fallax (Boheman), Pantomorus auripes Hustache, Pantomorus ruizi (Brèthes), and Pantomorus viridisquamosus (Boheman), consequently, they also have the potential to invade areas outside their native ranges, mainly in southeastern United States, some European countries (e.g., Portugal, France, and southern England), South Africa, New Zealand, and southeastern Australia. All the studied species share similar environmental requirements, the most important variables being the Mean Temperature of Driest Quarter, the Annual Mean Temperature and Isothermality. Long distance dispersal through commercial trade, and parthenogenetic reproduction would increase the threat of these weevils to crop production worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Lanteri
- División Entomología, Museo de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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12
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13
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14
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CHRISTENSEN BENT. Constant differential distribution of genetic variants in polyploid parthenogenetic forms of Lumbricillus lineatus (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta). Hereditas 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1980.tb01695.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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15
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STILLE BO, DäVRING LARS. Meiosis and reproductive strategy in the parthenogenetic gall wasp Diplolepis rosae (L.) (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae). Hereditas 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1980.tb01720.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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16
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CHRISTENSEN BENT, JELNES JENS, BERG UFFE. Long-term isozyme variation in parthenogenetic polyploid forms of Lumbricillus lineatus (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta) in recently established environments. Hereditas 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1978.tb01604.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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17
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CHRISTENSEN BENT, HVILSOM MARGIT, PEDERSEN BOVEST. Genetic variation in coexisting sexual diploid and parthenogenetic triploid forms of Fridericia galba (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta) in a heterogeneous environment. Hereditas 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1992.tb00169.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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18
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LIVSHITS G, FISHELSON L, WISE GS. Genetic similarity and diversity of parthenogenetic and bisexual populations of the freshwater snail Melanoides tuberculata (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1984.tb00805.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Ghiselli F, Milani L, Scali V, Passamonti M. TheLeptynia hispanicaspecies complex (Insecta Phasmida): polyploidy, parthenogenesis, hybridization and more. Mol Ecol 2007; 16:4256-68. [PMID: 17725570 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03471.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Leptynia hispanica stick insect species complex includes bisexuals, triploid and tetraploid parthenogenetic populations, suggesting that polyploidy has played a central role in the evolution of this complex. An analysis of karyotype, mitochondrial DNA (cox2) and nuclear DNA (ef1-alpha) markers was carried out to clarify phylogenetic relationships and microevolutionary/phylogeographical patterns of the L. hispanica complex. Our analyses suggested a subdivision of bisexual populations into four groups, tentatively proposed as incipient species. Moreover, triploids and tetraploids showed two independent origins, the latter being more ancient than the former. From ef1-alpha analysis, triploids showed hybrid constitution, while the hybrid constitution of tetraploids is likely, but more data are needed. We suggest that L. hispanica is a case of 'geographical parthenogenesis' with parthenogenetic strains colonizing large peripheral ranges, and bisexuals confined to glacial refuge areas. Moreover, the age, wide distribution and competitive advantage of polyploids over diploids, demonstrate their significance in the evolution of the L. hispanica species complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Ghiselli
- Dipartimento di Biologia Evoluzionistica Sperimentale, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 3, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
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20
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Abstract
Mating among the immediate products of meiosis (intratetrad mating) is a common feature of many organisms with parthenogenesis or with mating-type determination in the haploid phase. Using a three-locus deterministic model we show that intratetrad mating, unlike other systems of mating, allows sheltering of deleterious recessive alleles even if there is only partial linkage between a mating locus and a load locus. Moreover, modifiers that reduce recombination between the load and mating-type locus will spread to fixation, even when there is no linkage disequilibrium between these loci in the population as a whole. This seeming contradiction to classical expectation is because partial linkage generates linkage disequilibrium among segregating loci within a tetrad, which then acts as the "mating unit."
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis Antonovics
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA.
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21
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Antonovics J, Abrams JY. INTRATETRAD MATING AND THE EVOLUTION OF LINKAGE RELATIONSHIPS. Evolution 2004. [DOI: 10.1554/02-521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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NOKKALA SEPPO, GOLUB NATALIAV. Cytogenetics of three parthenogenetic Psocid species (Psocoptera, Psocomorpha). Hereditas 2002. [DOI: 10.1034/j.1601-5223.2002.01681.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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23
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Delmotte F, Leterme N, Gauthier JP, Rispe C, Simon JC. Genetic architecture of sexual and asexual populations of the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi based on allozyme and microsatellite markers. Mol Ecol 2002; 11:711-23. [PMID: 11972759 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2002.01478.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cyclical parthenogens, including aphids, are attractive models for comparing the genetic outcomes of sexual and asexual reproduction, which determine their respective evolutionary advantages. In this study, we examined how reproductive mode shapes genetic structure of sexual (cyclically parthenogenetic) and asexual (obligately parthenogenetic) populations of the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi by comparing microsatellite and allozyme data sets. Allozymes showed little polymorphism, confirming earlier studies with these markers. In contrast, microsatellite loci were highly polymorphic and showed patterns very discordant from allozyme loci. In particular, microsatellites revealed strong heterozygote excess in asexual populations, whereas allozymes showed heterozygote deficits. Various hypotheses are explored that could account for the conflicting results of these two types of genetic markers. A strong differentiation between reproductive modes was found with both types of markers. Microsatellites indicated that sexual populations have high allelic polymorphism and heterozygote deficits (possibly because of population subdivision, inbreeding or selection). Little geographical differentiation was found among sexual populations confirming the large dispersal ability of this aphid. In contrast, asexual populations showed less allelic polymorphism but high heterozygosity at most loci. Two alternative hypotheses are proposed to explain this heterozygosity excess: allele sequence divergence during long-term asexuality or hybrid origin of asexual lineages. Clonal diversity of asexual lineages of R. padi was substantial suggesting that they could have frozen genetic diversity from the pool of sexual lineages. Several widespread asexual genotypes were found to persist through time, as already seen in other aphid species, a feature seemingly consistent with the general-purpose genotype hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Delmotte
- INRA, UMR INRA-ENSAR Biologie des Organismes et des Populations appliquée à la Protection des Plantes, BP 35327, 35653 Le Rheu Cedex, France
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24
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Lushai G, De Barro PJ, David O, Sherratt TN, Maclean N. Genetic variation within a parthenogenetic lineage. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1998; 7:337-344. [PMID: 9723871 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2583.1998.740337.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A clone of the grain aphid Sitobion avenae F. was maintained parthenogenetically over thirty-two generations (n = 344) in a constant environment: a new generation being set up by a female selected at random from the preceding generation. Genomic DNA from individual aphids was screened for genetic stability using RAPD-PCR with a previously tested ten-mer primer. A putative germ-line mutation was noted in generation 14 and somatic mutations were noted in generations 12, 25, 27 and 29. There were no differences in the RAPD-PCR profiles of winged and wingless morphs and samples tested for symbiotic DNA. No endoblotic fungal organism was associated with the clone. Southern blotting and hybridization studies indicated that band additions were of aphid origin. However, the RAPD-PCR profiles of the germ-line and somatic mutation samples were unique from other aphid clones cultured during the experimental period. This paper documents discernible genetic changes occurring within an animal clonal lineage over time and Impacts on the consequences this may have for clonal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lushai
- University of Southampton, School of Biological Sciences, Biodiversity and Ecology Division, UK.
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25
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Little TJ, Demelo R, Taylor DJ, Hebert PDN. Genetic characterization of an arctic
zooplankter
: insights into geographic polyploidy. Proc Biol Sci 1997. [DOI: 10.1098/rspb.1997.0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tom J. Little
- Department of Zoology, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Rita Demelo
- Department of Zoology, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Derek J. Taylor
- Department of Zoology, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Paul D. N. Hebert
- Department of Zoology, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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26
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Mattson WJ. Invasion of North American Forests by European Phytophagous Insects. Bioscience 1996. [DOI: 10.2307/1312850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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27
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Morrone JJ. CLADISTIC AND BIOGEOGRAPHIC ANALYSES OF THE WEEVIL GENUS LISTRODERES SCHOENHERR (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE). Cladistics 1993; 9:397-411. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.1993.tb00233.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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29
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30
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Bilinski CA, Marmiroli N, Miller JJ. Apomixis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other eukaryotic micro-organisms. Adv Microb Physiol 1990; 30:23-52. [PMID: 2700540 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2911(08)60109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C A Bilinski
- Research Department, Labatt Brewing Company Limited, London, Ontario, Canada
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31
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General Ecological Principles Which are Illustrated by Population Studies of Uropodid Mites. ADV ECOL RES 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2504(08)60161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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32
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Hung ACF, Day WH, Hedlund RC. Genetic variability in arrhenotokous and thelytokous forms ofMesochorus nigripes [Hym.: Ichneumonidae]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02372308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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33
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Bilinski CA, Marmiroli N, Miller JJ. Cell division age dependency of meiosis in an apomictic variant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 1987; 3:1-4. [PMID: 3332960 DOI: 10.1002/yea.320030102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell division age dependency of sporulation was investigated in a diploid strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (19el) which undergoes a single equational nuclear division during sporulation with consequent formation of asci containing two uninucleate diploid spores (apomictic dyads). Under modified nutritional conditions which partially restore meiosis and hence normal tetrad formation, newly formed (age 0) daughter cells were observed to be capable of formation of apomictic dyads but not of meiotic tetrads. Even under conditions in which only apomictic dyads developed, approximately 20% of the asci resulted from differentiation of newborn 'inexperienced' cells. Thus, the data indicated production of at least one bud to be a prerequisite for meiosis but not for apomixis; however, occurrence of at least one complete mitotic cell division cycle was evidently insufficient for the morphogenetic switch from diploid to haploid spore formation, since older cells bearing several bud scars often underwent apomictic dyad development, and some produced no spores.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Bilinski
- Production Research Department, Labatt Brewing Company Limited, London, Ontario, Canada
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Stille B. Population genetics of the parthenogenetic gall waspDiplolepis rosae (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae). Genetica 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02424421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
We have argued that sexual reproduction arose very early in the evolution of life as a way of overcoming informational damage or loss through recombinational repair. As organisms became more complex and genome information content expanded, diploidy, at first transient, became the predominant way of coping with increased vulnerability to mutation. This allowed further genome expansion. Once such expansion had occurred, however, diploidy became essentially irreversible, since reversion to haploidy would lead to expression of accumulated deleterious recessive alleles. This expression of recessive alleles also imposes a stiff penalty on organisms that experiment with close inbreeding forms of recombinational repair. A consequence of sex is that fitness (defined as per capita rate of increase) is density dependent. At low population density, fitness declines due to increased costs of finding a mate. This fundamental constraint on population increase can inhibit evolutionary success of the best adapted species if it is small in numbers. Sexual reproduction also tends to eliminate new coadapted genotypes within a species by breaking up their coadapted gene complexes; this also contributes to the cohesion of species. In general, we think the existence of species and their characteristic cohesion and stability over time are direct consequences of sex; and sex in turn is a consequence of the need to overcome gene damage through recombinational repair while at the same time masking the deleterious effects of mutation.
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The effect of hosptlant and parasitoids on the reproductive success of the parthenogenetic gall wasp Diplolepis rosae (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae). Oecologia 1984; 63:364-369. [PMID: 28311212 DOI: 10.1007/bf00390666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/1984] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Uyenoyama MK. ON THE EVOLUTION OF PARTHENOGENESIS: A GENETIC REPRESENTATION OF THE "COST OF MEIOSIS". Evolution 1984; 38:87-102. [PMID: 28556089 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1984.tb00262.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/1982] [Revised: 02/23/1983] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Suomalainen E, Saura A, Lokki J, Teeri T. Genetic polymorphism and evolution in parthenogenetic animals : Part 9: Absence of variation within parthenogenetic aphid clones. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1980; 57:129-132. [PMID: 24302494 DOI: 10.1007/bf00253887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/1979] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme gene variability within parthenogenetic clones of Acyrtosiphon pisum has been followed by gel electrophoresis. No variation was observed within any clone. One enzyme locus was found to vary between clones. No evidence was found to support gene recombination due to the alleged endomeiosis. This hypothesis is proven to be also theoretically untenable. The low average heterozygosity in aphids is explained as a result of directional selection operating upon the parthenogenetic aphid clones, as a consequence of which the heterozygosity is lowered.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Suomalainen
- Department of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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A chromosome study of the parthenogenetic rice water weevil,Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in Japan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1978. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01935916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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